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| Common Name | Genus/Species | |
| SHRUBS | ||
| Almond, Russian Buffaloberry, Silver Caragana (Siberian Peashrub) Cherry, Mongolian Cherry, Nanking Chokecherry Cotoneaster, European Cranberrybush, American Currant, Golden (Clove) Dogwood, Redosier Euonymus, Winterberry Forsythia, Meadowlark Honeysuckle, Amur Honeysuckle, Freedom Indigo, False Juneberry (Saskatoon Serviceberry) Lilac, Common Lilac, Late Plum, American Potentilla (Shrubby Cinquefoil) Rose, Hansen Hedge Sandcherry, Western Sea-buckthorn Silverberry Spirea, Vanhoutte Sumac, Fragrant Sumac, Skunkbush (Lemonade) Sumac, Smooth Sumac, Staghorn Viburnum, Arrowwood Viburnum, Nannyberry Willow, Sandbar |
Prunus tenella Shepherdia argentea Caragana arborescens Prunus fruticosa Prunus tomentosa Prunus virginiana Cotoneaster integerrimus Viburnum trilobum Ribes odoratum Cornus sericea Euonymus bungeana Forsythia x `Meadowlark' Lonicera maackii Lonicera x `Freedom' Amorpha fruticosa Amelanchier alnifolia Syringa vulgaris Syringa villosa Prunus americana Potentilla fruticosa Rosa species Prunus besseyi Hippophae rhamnoides Elaeagnus commutata Spiraea x vanhouttei Rhus aromatica Rhus trilobata Rhus glabra Rhus typhina Viburnum dentatum Viburnum lentago Salix interior |
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| SMALL TREES | ||
| Apple, Common Apricot, Manchurian Chokecherry, Amur Crabapple, Flowering Crabapple, Siberian Hawthorn, Arnold Ironwood (American Hop-hornbeam) Lilac, Japanese Tree Maple, Amur Maple, Tatarian Mountain-ash, European Pear, Ussurian (Harbin) Russian-olive |
Malus pumila Prunus armeniaca var. mandshurica Prunus maackii Malus hybrids Malus baccata Crataegus arnoldiana Ostrya virginiana Syringa reticulata Acer ginnala Acer tataricum Sorbus aucuparia Pyrus ussuriensis Elaeagnus angustifolia |
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| MEDIUM AND TALL TREES | ||
| Ash, Black Ash, Green Ash, Manchurian Aspen, Quaking Birch, Paper Boxelder Buckeye, Ohio Cottonwood Elm, American Elm, Japanese Elm, Siberian Hackberry, Common Honeylocust, Common Linden, American (Basswood) Linden, Littleleaf Maple, Silver Oak, Bur Oak, Mongolian Poplar, Hybrid Poplar, White Walnut, Black Willow, Golden Willow, Laurel Willow, Redstem Willow, White |
Fraxinus nigra Fraxinus pennsylvanica Fraxinus mandshurica Populus tremuloides Betula papyrifera Acer negundo Aesculus glabra Populus deltoides Ulmus americana Ulmus davidiana var. japonica Ulmus pumila Celtis occidentalis Gleditsia triacanthos Tilia americana Tilia cordata Acer saccharinum Quercus macrocarpa Quercus mongolica Populus hybrids Populus alba Juglans nigra Salix alba `Vitellina' Salix pentandra Salix alba `Chermesina' Salix alba |
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| CONIFERS | ||
| Arborvitae, American Arborvitae, Siberian Douglas-Fir, Rocky Mountain Fir, White (Concolor) Juniper, Rocky Mountain Larch, Siberian Pine, Jack Pine, Limber Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Mugo Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Scotch Red-cedar, Eastern Spruce, Black Hills Spruce, Colorado (Blue) |
Thuja occidentalis Thuja occidentalis `Wareana' Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca Abies concolor Juniperus scopulorum Larix sibirica Pinus banksiana Pinus flexilis Pinus contorta var. latifolia Pinus mugo Pinus ponderosa Pinus sylvestris Juniperus virginiana Picea glauca var. densata Picea pungens |
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| Genus/Species | Common Name | Family |
| Abies concolor Acer ginnala Acer negundo Acer saccharinum Acer tataricum Aesculus glabra Amelanchier alnifolia |
Fir, White (Concolor) Maple, Amur Boxelder Maple, Silver Maple, Tatarian Buckeye, Ohio Juneberry (Saskatoon Serviceberry) |
Pinaceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Aceraceae Hippocastanaceae Rosaceae |
| Amorpha fruticosa Betula papyrifera Caragana arborescens Celtis occidentalis Cornus sericea Cotoneaster integerrimus Crataegus arnoldiana Elaeagnus angustifolia Elaeagnus commutata Euonymus bungeana Forsythia x F. `Meadowlark' Fraxinus mandshurica Fraxinus nigra Fraxinus pennsylvanica Gleditsia triacanthos Hippophae rhamnoides Juglans nigra Juniperus scopulorum Juniperus virginiana Larix sibirica Lonicera x `Freedom' Lonicera maackii Malus pumila Malus baccata Malus hybrids Ostrya virginiana |
Indigo, False Birch, Paper Caragana (Siberian Peashrub) Hackberry, Common Dogwood, Redosier Cotoneaster, European Hawthorn, Arnold Russian-olive Silverberry Euonymus, Winterberry Forsythia, Meadowlark Ash, Manchurian Ash, Black Ash, Green Honeylocust, Common Sea-buckthorn Walnut, Black Juniper, Rocky Moutain Red-cedar, Eastern Larch, Siberian Honeysuckle, Freedom Honeysuckle, Amur Apple, Common Crabapple, Siberian Crabapple, Flowering Ironwood (American Hop-hornbeam) |
Fabaceae Betulaceae Fabaceae Ulmaceae Cornaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Elaeagnaceae Elaeagnaceae Celastraceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Fabaceae Elaeagnaceae Juglandaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Pinaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Betulaceae |
| Picea glauca var. densata Picea pungens Pinus banksiana Pinus contorta var. latifolia Pinus flexilis Pinus mugo Pinus ponderosa Pinus sylvestris Populus alba Populus deltoides Populus hybrids Populus tremuloides Potentilla fruticosa Prunus americana Prunus armeniaca var. mandshurica |
Spruce, Black Hills Spruce, Colorado (Blue) Pine, Jack Pine, Lodgepole Pine, Limber Pine, Mugo Pine, Ponderosa Pine, Scotch Poplar, White Cottonwood Poplar, Hybrid Aspen, Quaking Potentilla (Shrubby Cinquefoil) Plum, American Apricot, Manchurian |
Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Pinaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae |
| Prunus fruticosa Prunus maackii Prunus besseyi Prunus tenella Prunus tomentosa Prunus virginiana Pseudotsuga menziesii var. glauca |
Cherry, Mongolian Chokecherry, Amur Sandcherry, Western Almond, Russian Cherry, Nanking Chokecherry Douglas-Fir, Rocky Mountain |
Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Pinaceae |
| Pyrus ussuriensis Quercus macrocarpa Quercus mongolica Rhus aromatica Rhus glabra Rhus trilobata |
Pear, Ussurian (Harbin) Oak, Bur Oak, Mongolian Sumac, Fragrant Sumac, Smooth Sumac, Skunkbush (Lemonade) |
Rosaceae Fagaceae Fagaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae Anacardiaceae |
| Rhus typhina Ribes odoratum Rosa species Salix alba Salix alba `Chermesina' Salix alba `Vitellina' Salix interior Salix pentandra Shepherdia argentea Sorbus aucuparia Spiraea x vanhouttei Syringa reticulata Syringa villosa Syringa vulgaris Thuja occidentalis Thuja occidentalis `Wareana' Tilia americana Tilia cordata Ulmus americana Ulmus davidiana var. japonica |
Sumac, Staghorn Currant, Golden (Clove) Rose, Hansen Hedge Willow, White Willow, Redstem Willow, Golden Willow, Sandbar Willow, Laurel Buffaloberry, Silver Mountain-ash, European Spirea, Vanhoutte Lilac, Japanese Tree Lilac, Late Lilac, Common Arborvitae, American Arborvitae, Siberian Linden, American (Basswood) Linden, Littleleaf Elm, American Elm, Japanese |
Anacardiaceae Grossulariaceae Rosaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Salicaceae Elaeagnaceae Rosaceae Rosaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Oleaceae Cupressaceae Cupressaceae Tiliaceae Tiliaceae Ulmaceae Ulmaceae |
| Ulmus pumila Viburnum dentatum Viburnum lentago Viburnum trilobum |
Elm, Siberian Viburnum, Arrowwood Viburnum, Nannyberry Cranberrybush, American |
Ulmaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae Caprifoliaceae |
The North Dakota Tree Handbook has been designed to assist specialists and lay people with forestry responsibilities in developing conservation and community tree plantings. This handbook will be useful to soil conservationists, foresters, arborists, landscape architects, nursery personnel, soil conservation district personnel, and county extension personnel.
The handbook contains four main sections:
Section I – Introduction Section II – Plant Species Characteristics and Applications Section III – Plant Pictures and Descriptions Section IV – Tree Care and Maintenance Section V – Glossary and Appendix
The location of the black bar along the edge of the photo pages indicates the suitability of each species for planting close to or under powerlines.
Top of page = Usually suitable for planting under powerlines.
Center of page = May be suitable for planting near powerlines, if
local authorities approve.
Bottom of page = Not suitable for planting near powerlines.
In some sections of this handbook references are made to species of trees or shrubs not identified and described in Section III – Plant Pictures and Descriptions. These additional species are included for purposes of comparison or general information.
This section contains the tools and guidelines to enable the reader to make full use of this handbook.
The Table of Contents lists the major subject matter of the book.
The Species List by Common Name is an alphabetical listing of woody plant species within each of the four size categories: shrubs, small trees, medium-tall trees, and conifers. Species List by Scientific Name lists all 85 plants in alphabetical order by genus and species.
Woody Plant Nomenclature explains the rationale and advantages to scientific naming.
How to Use the North Dakota Tree Handbook explains how each section is arranged and the type of information available within.
The species described in this handbook are native and introduced trees and shrubs of North Dakota that are hardy under the conditions given in the descriptions. Though not often used for lumber, these plants are valuable in North Dakota for: soil conservation, energy conservation, crop protection, water conservation, water quality improvement, landscaping, wildlife, aesthetics, and noise and snow control.
Quick Reference. Shows at a glance how each plant relates to each of the 26 characteristics listed. If the column headings do not fully explain the characteristic, refer to the Quick Reference Legend for more detail. The small numbers in parenthesis ( ) in the column headings refer to the numbers in the legend that define that characteristic.
General Tree Growth Characteristics. Describes the physiology of tree growth. Understanding how a tree grows and responds to its environment will often assist people in selecting the most appropriate tree or shrub for a given use.
USDA Plant Hardiness Zone Map. Shows the average annual minimum temperatures that can be expected each year in south central Canada and the north central United States. Woody plants are categorized based on the coldest temperature (hardiness zone) in which the plants normally survive.
Hardiness Zone Map of North Dakota. Assists in the selection of species suitable to various parts of the state. Zone A is considered the most favorable and receives the highest annual precipitation. More favorable, sheltered sites may allow a particular woody plant to be grown in zones beyond those recommended. This map is to be used with the Quick Reference.
Windbreak Suitability Groups. Explain in general how soil characteristics affect woody plant survival and growth.
The species list by windbreak suitability group includes 85 woody plant species and their appropriate windbreak suitability groups (soils) in which they can be expected to survive and perform adequately. Trees that might do well in an urban setting may fail when exposed to the conditions found in a conservation planting. Likewise, trees not expected to do well in rural sites may do quite well in an urban setting. This fact underscores the need to consult with a local specialist knowledgeable of soils, climate and other conditions in a particular locale.
Eighty-five species are grouped into four categories to facilitate easier tree plan development. The categories are:
Deciduous Shrubs Small Deciduous Trees Medium and Tall Deciduous Trees Conifers
The species are listed by common name in alphabetical sequence. Each species is illustrated using four photographs. The pictures show the most outstanding characteristics of each plant. The back of the photo sheet includes information on each tree in the following categories:
Weed Control1. Includes pictures of four commonly used weed control practices. The captions under each picture give the key components of each method. Further details concerning tillage, mulches and cover crops, as well as the types of chemicals, effectiveness and label restrictions, are discussed. Forestry agencies, state universities, county extension offices, and conservation district offices also have information and materials available on tree care and maintenance.
1 Vern Quam and Rich Zollinger co-authored this section on weed control. Picture credits, USDA-Natural Resource Service.
Woody Plant Pests2. Provides diagnostic information on tree diseases and insects. In easy to understand terms, the common pests affecting trees in North Dakota, are described by their mode of activity, the likelihood of continued problems and methods to identify and diagnose the cause of the injury. Major categories are: Insects, Diseases, and Abiotic Factors.
2 Arden Tagestad, North Dakota Forest Service, authored this report in 1994.
Diagnosing Tree Problems Using Injury Symptoms (a section of Woody Plant Pests). Is an easy to use diagnostic tool for people to determine likely causes of tree injury in most field situations. A strength of this key is the reference to specific pages in professional texts that give more details about each pest, including methods of prevention or control.
Glossary
The Glossary provides definitions of tree botanical characteristics as well as
other terminology associated with proper tree planting and care in the Great Plains.
Reference Materials
Includes published pamphlets that provide additional information on tree care,
windbreaks, and weed control. Funding and authorship of these pamphlets was provided by
the University of Nebraska, North Dakota State University and National Resources
Conservation Service. The pamphlets were published by the University of Nebraska and
address the following issues relating to proper windbreak management:
"How Windbreaks Work"
"Windbreak Establishment"
"Windbreaks and Wildlife"
"Windbreaks in Sustainable Agricultural Systems"
"Windbreaks for Rural Living"
"Windbreaks for Livestock Operations"