Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

PEPPER HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 1998
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann, and Heidi Kerlin

Peppers generally grow surprising well in southern North Dakota, although late in the season some hot peppers lose their heat if the weather is too cool. In cool years, yields and quality may be reduced.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil:	Maddock sandy loam, Hecla sandy loam and Embden sandy loam; pH=6.8; 2.8% organic matter; soil-P was high; soil-K was very high; soil-S was very low.
Previous crop:	1997 - field corn; 1996 - pepper; 1995 - cabbage.
Seedbed preparation:	Disked on 31 October 1997. Multiweeded (field cultivated) three times on 14 April 1998; once lightly because of trash and twice to incorporate herbicide. Drilled barley cover crop on April 17 (1 bu/acre, 6-inch rows) and later killed it with applications of Roundup and Gramoxone.
Planting:	Peppers were seeded in the greenhouse on April 13. Plants were mechanically transplanted to the field on June 18. Planting pattern was paired rows (12 inches between rows) on 4 ft centers. In-row spacing was 16 inches within a single row, which put a plant every 8 inches for the paired rows. Each plant received 1 pint of fertilizer solution (1 gal 10-34-0 in 100 gal of water) after it was planted.
Plots:	Plots were 17 ft long by 4 ft (one paired row) wide. There were 4 reps.
Fertilizer:	On April 13, broadcast 14 lbs N/acre and 70 lbs P₂O₅/acre as 10-50-0, 16 lbs N/acre and 19 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24, and 94 lbs K₂0/acre as 0-0-60. Side dressed 47 lbs of N/acre as urea on July 24.
Irrigation:	Underground drip irrigation as needed.
Pest control:	Weeds were controlled by Treflan (1 pt/acre on June 11), Roundup + a nonionic surfactant (12 oz/acre + 1 qt/50 gal on May 29), Gramoxone + a nonionic surfactant (3 pt/acre + 1 pt/100 gal on June 11), rototilling between rows, and hand weeding as needed throughout the season. Maneb 75 DF (1.5 lb/acre on July 14) and DiPel (1 lb/acre on August 13) controlled disease and insects.
Harvest:	Harvested hot peppers 5 times and sweet peppers 6 times from Aug 19 to Sept 28.

Sweet Peppers: Belle Star and Paladin had high yields and quality, and were early. Belle Star was slightly small but had very thick walls. Renegade had high yields and quality. Boynton Bell, Klondike Bell, RPP 5044, and Sentry had good quality. Emerald Isle and Vivaldi had high yields but lower quality. Golden Arrow, a sweet banana, had high yields but had problems with tip rot. Redstart had high total yields but poor quality.

Hot Peppers: Giant Jalapeño, Olé, Pecos, and Delicias had high yield and good quality. Giant Jalapeño was the earliest and Delicias was the mildest of the jalapeño type peppers. Both serrano type peppers were late maturing and low yielding. Super Chile did well for a small pepper. Ortega, the only Anaheim type pepper in the trial, did okay.

Table 36. Quantity and yield of sweet peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 sweet pepper hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Number of sweet peppers				Sweet pepper yield
Hybrid	Seed source^†	fancy	US#1's	US#2's	total	fancy	US#1's	US#2's	total
		------------- 1000s per acre --------------				----------- 1000 lbs per acre -----------
Acapulco	VL	28.0 e	17.3 fg	6.4 d-g	65.0 gh	13.2 cde	6.1 gh	2.6 c-g	26.9 def
Belle Star	HM	42.2 cde	34.9 b	8.3 c-g	92.5 bcd	17.2 a-d	11.1 ab	2.5 c-g	32.7 a-d
Bonita	HM	28.2 de	17.9 fg	4.0 g	56.2 h	12.3 de	6.4 fgh	1.3 fg	21.8 ef
Boynton Bell	HM	38.1 cde	31.1 bc	5.0 fg	79.6 c-g	16.1 a-d	10.2 bc	1.7 efg	29.8 cd
Brigadier	NV	30.4 de	23.5 d-g	9.8 b-f	72.7 d-h	13.7 cde	9.0 b-e	3.7 a-d	29.5 cd
Commandant	NV	34.6 cde	17.0 fg	5.9 efg	70.0 e-h	16.2 a-d	6.8 d-h	2.4 d-g	29.8 cd
Emerald Isle	HM	41.6 cd	23.5 d-g	10.9 bcd	91.9 bcd	19.4 ab	9.2 bcd	4.6 ab	39.1 a
Golden Arrow	ST	87.9 b	27.2 bcd	17.5 a	166.6 a	18.3 abc	5.0 hi	3.3 a-e	33.0 a-d
Guantanamo	ST	41.2 cde	21.3 d-g	9.1 c-f	86.5 b-f	15.4 a-e	6.5 e-h	2.7 c-g	28.4 cde
Huracan	VL	40.1 cde	18.5 efg	6.6 d-g	72.6 d-h	18.0 abc	6.5 d-h	2.3 d-g	29.9 cd
Karma	HM	32.0 de	16.7 fg	7.2 d-g	63.9 gh	15.8 a-d	6.4 e-h	2.9 c-f	27.7 cde
Klondike Bell	ST	33.5 de	25.5 cde	8.3 c-g	72.9 d-h	15.0 b-e	8.9 b-f	2.7 c-g	28.2 cde
Lipstick	JS	105.9 a	23.9 c-f	10.6 b-e	149.9 a	15.5 a-d	2.7 i	1.2 g	20.3 f
Navarone	ST	41.6 cd	21.0 d-g	14.3 ab	96.4 bc	16.1 a-d	6.8 d-h	4.8 a	32.8 a-d
Paladin	NV	40.8 cde	22.4 d-g	7.8 c-g	77.2 c-g	18.8 ab	7.8 c-h	3.0 b-f	31.8 bcd
Redstart	ST	27.7 d	43.6 a	13.0 abc	101.7 b	10.0 e	13.6 a	3.4 a-e	31.4 a-d
Renegade	AS	47.2 c	26.6 cd	7.0 d-g	89.8 b-e	20.3 a	8.9 b-f	2.2 d-g	34.2 abc
RPP 5044	NV	35.1 cde	20.1 d-g	6.1 d-g	71.3 d-h	16.2 a-d	7.6 c-h	2.0 d-g	29.0 cde
Sentry	NV	31.5 de	22.6 d-g	8.6 c-g	69.0 fgh	14.7 b-e	8.4 b-g	2.8 c-g	27.8 cde
Vivaldi	VL	37.2 cde	16.3 g	9.0 c-f	79.1 c-g	19.2 ab	7.5 d-h	4.2 abc	38.2 ab

C.V. (%)		23	22	40	16	22	23	42	17

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 37. Quality of sweet peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 sweet pepper hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Fruit shape^‡	Fruit length	Fruit width	Outside color^§	Fruit size	Wall thickness	Uniformity^¶	Overall score^††
		1 to 3	----- inches ------		6 to 7	oz/fruit	mm	1 to 3	1 to 10
Acapulco	VL	1.1 gh	4.5 f	3.3 c-f	7.0 a	6.6 bc	6.1 b-f	1.8 d-g	6.4 g
Belle Star	HM	1.0 gh	3.6 m	3.2 fg	7.0 a	5.7 gh	6.9 a	2.0 a	6.7 a-e
Bonita	HM	1.0 gh	4.1 g-j	3.3 a-f	7.0 a	6.2 def	6.1 b-f	1.8 c-g	6.4 fg
Boynton Bell	HM	1.0 h	3.8 klm	3.3 b-f	7.0 a	6.0 fg	6.2 b-e	1.9 a-d	6.7 a-f
Brigadier	NV	1.0 h	4.1 h-k	3.3 def	7.0 a	6.5 b-e	6.2 bcd	1.7 fgh	6.5 d-g
Commandant	NV	1.1 gh	4.4 fgh	3.2 fg	7.0 a	6.8 bc	6.1 b-f	1.9 a-e	6.4 efg
Emerald Isle	HM	1.3 f	5.0 e	3.1 g	7.0 ab	6.8 bc	5.7 fg	1.7 gh	6.3 gh
Golden Arrow	ST	2.8 b	7.3 a	1.9 k	1.3 d	3.1 j	5.1 hi	1.6 h	6.0 hi
Guantanamo	ST	1.6 d	5.6 c	2.8 h	4.1 c	5.3 hi	5.8 efg	1.8 d-g	6.3 gh
Huracan	VL	1.1 g	4.4 fg	3.3 b-f	7.0 a	6.5 b-e	6.0 b-f	1.8 b-g	6.5 b-g
Karma	HM	1.0 gh	4.2 f-i	3.5 a	7.0 a	6.9 b	5.9 c-g	1.8 d-g	6.5 c-g
Klondike Bell	ST	1.0 h	3.8 lm	3.5 ab	7.0 a	6.1 efg	6.2 bcd	1.9 b-f	6.7 a-d
Lipstick	JS	3.0 a	3.8 klm	2.1 j	7.0 a	2.2 k	4.6 i	1.9 a-e	6.4 g
Navarone	ST	2.1 c	6.8 b	2.5 i	6.9 b	5.4 h	5.5 gh	1.6 h	6.0 i
Paladin	NV	1.0 gh	4.0 i-l	3.4 a-d	7.0 a	6.6 bcd	6.2 bcd	2.0 a	6.8 ab
Redstart	ST	1.0 gh	3.9 j-m	3.1 g	7.0 a	4.9 i	5.8 d-g	1.7 e-h	5.9 i
Renegade	AS	1.0 h	4.0 i-l	3.2 efg	7.0 a	6.0 fg	6.4 ab	2.0 abc	6.7 a-d
RPP 5044	NV	1.0 gh	3.7 m	3.4 a-e	7.0 a	6.5 b-e	6.4 abc	2.0 ab	6.7 abc
Sentry	NV	1.0 h	3.7 m	3.4 abc	7.0 a	6.4 c-f	6.0 b-f	1.9 b-g	6.8 a
Vivaldi	VL	1.4 e	5.3 d	3.3 b-f	7.0 a	7.7 a	6.0 b-f	1.7 fgh	6.4 g

C.V. (%)		6	4	3	1	5	5	6	3

^§Outside color - 1 to 3 is light to dark yellow; 4 is yellow green; 5 to 7 is light to dark green.

^††Overall score - Overall score includes appearance but not yield. The higher the number the better the pepper.

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 38. Cumulative yields of marketable (US Fancy plus US #1) peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 sweet pepper performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Cumulative marketable yield of sweet peppers as of:
Hybrid	Seed source^†	Aug 20	Aug 27	Sept 3	Sept 11	Sept 18	Sept 29
		-------------------------- 1000s of pounds per acre ------------------------------
Acapulco	VL	3.0 b-f	6.6 c-f	10.0 cde	13.3	17.4	19.3 d
Belle Star	HM	6.2 a	10.4 abc	14.0 abc	17.8	23.7	28.3 abc
Bonita	HM	2.5 c-f	4.5 f	6.9 e	10.8	15.6	18.7 d
Boynton Bell	HM	4.7 a-d	9.0 a-d	11.8 a-d	15.0	20.3	26.2 abc
Brigadier	NV	5.1 abc	9.7 abc	13.5 abc	16.7	20.4	22.7 bcd
Commandant	NV	4.6 a-e	8.3 a-f	13.3 a-d	17.5	21.2	23.0 a-d
Emerald Isle	HM	3.5 a-f	8.4 a-e	12.5 a-d	17.6	23.7	28.6 ab
Golden Arrow	ST	5.0 a-d	8.6 a-e	13.8 abc	18.9	21.8	23.3 a-d
Guantanamo	ST	2.0 ef	4.7 ef	10.0 cde	13.2	17.4	21.9 cd
Huracan	VL	2.2 def	5.2 def	8.2 de	12.6	18.9	24.5 a-d
Karma	HM	4.5 a-e	7.7 b-f	12.0 a-d	15.3	19.7	22.2 bcd
Klondike Bell	St	3.0 b-f	7.6 b-f	11.9 a-d	15.4	20.0	23.9 a-d
Lipstick	JS	4.1 a-e	7.4 b-f	11.1 a-e	14.3	16.5	18.1 d
Navarone	ST	1.4 f	6.6 c-f	12.9 a-d	16.9	19.8	22.9 a-d
Paladin	NV	5.6 ab	11.1 ab	15.1 ab	19.5	23.6	26.6 abc
Redstart	ST	5.8 ab	9.3 a-d	15.3 ab	17.4	20.3	23.6 a-d
Renegade	AS	3.8 a-f	9.6 abc	14.7 abc	19.0	24.0	29.2 a
RPP 5044	NV	3.7 a-f	7.4 b-f	10.0 b-e	15.2	20.8	23.8 a-d
Sentry	NV	3.4 a-f	6.9 c-f	10.7 b-e	15.4	20.3	23.1 a-d
Vivaldi	VL	5.6 ab	11.8 a	15.8 a	19.8	23.4	26.7 abc

C.V. (%)		48	33	28	23	20	19

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. There are no significant differences in values in columns with no letters.

Table 39. Quantity and yield of hot peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 hot pepper performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Number of hot peppers				Hot pepper yield
Hybrid	Seed source^†	fancy	US#1's	US#2's	total	fancy	US#1's	US#2's	total
		-------------- 1000s per acre ------------				---------- 1000s of lbs per acre ----------
Delicias	JS	267 c	24 c	15	321 cd	19.7 ab	1.1 bc	0.7 b	22.3 ab
Giant Jalapeño	JS	219 cd	21 c	24	280 cd	22.9 a	1.6 b	1.4 a	27.2 a
Olé	HM	284 bc	32 bc	11	335 cd	18.8 ab	1.6 b	0.5 bcd	21.2 b
Ortega	JS	88 d	28 c	13	148 d	12.5 cd	3.5 a	1.7 a	20.0 b
Pecos	RG	295 bc	27 c	15	358 c	20.3 ab	1.3 b	0.8 b	23.6 ab
Rio Verde	HM	350 bc	44 bc	20	421 bc	5.3 e	0.5 c	0.2 cd	6.1 d
Salerna	BZ	448 b	62 b	32	553 b	10.5 de	1.1 bc	0.5 bc	12.3 c
Sierra Fuego	HL	273 c	30 c	20	342 c	16.4 bc	1.3 b	0.8 b	19.5 b
Super Chile	JS	1147 a	104 a	33	1291 a	9.1 de	0.4 c	0.1 d	9.6 cd

C.V. (%)		25	44	53	25	21	34	34	20

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 40. Quality of peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 hot pepper performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Pepper type^‡	Outside color^§	Fruit length	Fruit width	Fruit size	Wall thickness	Uni- formity	Overall score
			1 to 10	----- inches -----		oz/fruit	mm	1 to 3	1 to 10
Delicias	JS	Ja	7.0 b	3.2 e	1.0 d	1.05 c	4.7 b	1.9 ab	6.4 ab
Giant Jalapeño	JS	Ja	7.0 b	3.8 c	1.5 a	1.56 b	5.3 a	1.8 b	6.4 ab
Olé	HM	Ja	7.0 b	3.0 f	1.2 b	1.02 cd	4.7 b	1.9 ab	6.5 ab
Ortega	JS	An	6.5 c	7.2 a	1.5 a	2.22 a	4.0 c	1.8 bc	6.3 ab
Pecos	RG	Ja	7.0 b	3.5 d	1.1 cd	1.05 c	4.8 b	1.9 ab	6.6 a
Rio Verde	HM	Se	6.6 c	2.5 g	0.5 e	0.23 ef	3.0 d	2.0 a	6.3 ab
Salerna	BZ	Se	7.0 b	4.5 b	0.5 e	0.35 e	1.9 e	1.3 d	5.7 c
Sierra Fuego	HL	Ja	7.0 b	3.0 f	1.2 bc	0.91 d	4.8 b	1.9 ab	6.3 ab
Super Chile	JS	Mi	9.0 a	2.1 h	0.5 e	0.12 f	2.0 e	1.6 c	6.1 b

C.V. (%)			1	3	8	7	6	6	4

^§Outside color: 1 to 3 is light to dark yellow; 4 is yellow green; 5 to 7 is light to dark green; 8 is orange; 9 is red; 10 is black.

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 41. Cumulative yields of marketable (US Fancy plus US #1) peppers in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 hot pepper performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Cumulative marketable yield of hot peppers as of:
Hybrid	Seed source^†	Aug 20	Aug 27	Sept 9	Sept 15	Sept 28
		--------------------1000s of pounds per acre ------------------------
Delicias	JS	1.6 bc	3.8 bc	12.0 bc	17.6 ab	20.8 abc
Giant Jalapeño	JS	4.4 a	10.4 a	16.0 a	21.1 a	24.4 a
Olé	HM	2.9 ab	5.3 b	13.7 ab	18.6 ab	20.4 abc
Ortega	JS	0.2 c	3.2 c	9.4 cd	12.5 cd	16.0 cd
Pecos	RG	1.1 bc	2.6 c	8.4 de	16.4 bc	21.6 ab
Rio Verde	HM	0.1 c	0.2 d	3.2 f	4.4 e	5.8 e
Salerna	BZ	0.1 c	0.3 d	6.2 ef	8.8 de	11.6 de
Sierra Fuego	HL	1.2 bc	4.9 b	12.5 b	17.8 ab	17.8 bc
Super Chile	JS	0.4 c	0.9 d	3.7 f	5.5 e	9.5 e

C.V. (%)		94	28	19	21	20

Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (0.05 level).