Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

CARROT HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 1998
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Heidi Kerlin

In North Dakota, carrots grow very well. Carrots have greater commercial production potential than any other vegetable except potatoes. We tested cut and peel baby carrots, cello type carrots and processing types.

Table 9. Early stand and vigor ratings for the 1998 carrot hybrid performance trials.

Table 10. Yields and quantities of carrots harvested for cut and peel baby carrots.

Table 11. Root characteristics of carrots harvested for cut and peel baby carrots.

Table 12. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested as cellos on July 30.

Table 13. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as cellos on July 30.

Table 14. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested as cellos on August 6.

Table 15. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as cellos on August 6.

Table 16. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested as cellos on August 13.

Table 17. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as cellos on August 13.

Table 18. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested as cellos on August 24.

Table 19. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as cellos on August 24.

Table 20. Yield of carrots harvested as processing carrots on October 21.

Table 21. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as processing carrots on Oct. 21.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil: Maddock sandy loam, Hecla sandy loam and Embden sandy loam; pH=7.0; 2.5% organic matter; soil-P was medium; soil-K high; soil-S very low.

Previous crop: 1997 - winter squash and pumpkin; 1996 - cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower; 1995 - tomato, pepper.

Seedbed Preparation: Disked on 31 October 1997. Formed beds on May 5. Rototilled lightly on May 6 to incorporate herbicide. Beds were 36 inches wide on 54 inch centers.

Planting: Direct seeded on May 6 and 7 with a Stanhay vegetable planter. Planting pattern for cello and processing carrots was paired rows (3 inches between rows in the pair) with two sets of paired rows per 36 inch bed (22 inches between paired rows). Planting rate was about 500,000 seeds/acre for cello, and 400,000 seeds/acre for the processing carrots. Planting pattern for cut and peel baby carrots was paired rows (3 inches between rows in the pair) with 3 sets of paired rows per bed, seeded at about 1.5 million seeds/acre.

Fertilizer: On April 13, broadcast 14 lbs N/acre and 70 lbs P₂O₅/acre as 10-50-0, 16 lbs N/acre and 19 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24, and 94 lbs K₂0/acre as 0-0-60. Applied 47 lbs N/acre as urea on June 26.

Plots: Plots were 17 ft long by one bed (36 inches) wide. There were 4 reps.

Irrigation: Surface drip irrigation as needed.

Pest
control: Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1.5 pt/acre on May 5), Linex (1 lb/acre on May 7 and 2 lb/acre on June 16) and by hand weeding. We sprayed Sevin (1 qt/acre on June 26, July 9, July 30 and Aug 20), Asana (8 oz/acre on July 1, July 15, Aug 5 and Aug 13) and Malathion 57 EC (2.5 pt/acre on July 23) to control leafhopper.

Harvest: The harvests for cut and peel baby carrots and cello carrots were on a weekly schedule, beginning July 13 for the baby carrots and July 30 for the cello carrots. Cello and baby carrots were harvested 4 times. The processing carrots were harvested on Oct 21. Harvest area was one bed wide by three ft long for the cello carrots, two ft long for the baby carrots, and five ft long for the processing carrots.

RESULTS

Baby carrots. Primo was much better than the other two carrots for use as a baby carrot. Total carrot yield increased with later harvests, but percent US #1 carrots was best in the second or third harvests.

Cello pack carrots. Primo and Sugarsnax 54 appeared to be the best carrots for cello pack.

Processing type carrots. Iowa was a short, big carrot with good yield. Other top yielding carrots were
XP 3918, Primecut 59, and Navajo.

Table 9. Early stand and vigor ratings for the 1998 carrot hybrid performance trials at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site.

Hybrid Seed source^† Cello type^‡ Processing type^‡ Baby type^‡

stand vigor stand vigor stand vigor

------------------------------------ 1 to 10 ------------------------------

Indiana BZ 5.3 6.3 5.5 5.0 -- --

Iowa BZ 6.3 6.9 6.8 7.0 -- --

Navajo SS 6.5 6.6 6.0 5.8 -- --

Newport BZ 6.9 7.0 6.3 6.0 -- --

Primecut 59 SS 7.4 7.5 6.3 7.0 -- --

Primo VL 6.5 7.9 -- -- 8.0 8.8

Snakpak SM 5.0 5.9 -- -- 6.0 7.0

Sugarsnax 54 SS 6.9 7.4 -- -- 6.5 7.0

XP 3918 AS 5.0 6.3 5.0 6.5 -- --

XP 3973 AS 4.6 6.5 4.5 5.8 -- --

LSD (0.05) 0.9 0.8 1.1 NS NS 1.0

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Cello type^‡	Processing type^‡	Baby type^‡
stand	vigor	stand	vigor	stand	vigor
	------------------------------------ 1 to 10 ------------------------------
Indiana	BZ	5.3	6.3	5.5	5.0	--	--
Iowa	BZ	6.3	6.9	6.8	7.0	--	--
Navajo	SS	6.5	6.6	6.0	5.8	--	--
Newport	BZ	6.9	7.0	6.3	6.0	--	--
Primecut 59	SS	7.4	7.5	6.3	7.0	--	--
Primo	VL	6.5	7.9	--	--	8.0	8.8
Snakpak	SM	5.0	5.9	--	--	6.0	7.0
Sugarsnax 54	SS	6.9	7.4	--	--	6.5	7.0
XP 3918	AS	5.0	6.3	5.0	6.5	--	--
XP 3973	AS	4.6	6.5	4.5	5.8	--	--

LSD (0.05)	0.9	0.8	1.1	NS	NS	1.0

^†See appendix A for seed source code.

^‡Each hybrid was planted in the cello performance trial and in either the processing or baby carrot performance trial. The difference between studies was the planting rate and pattern, and the time of harvest.

Table 10. Yields and quantities of carrots harvested for cut and peel baby carrots at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site, 1998.

Hybrid Seed source^† US #1 carrots Total yield Multiple root Total roots Root size

yield % of total

tons/acre % tons/acre % 1000s/acre oz/root

Harvested July 13

Primo VL 7.2 84 8.6 8 806 0.4

Snakpak SM 4.0 78 5.1 11 613 0.4

Sugarsnax SS 5.8 80 7.2 13 484 0.7

LSD (0.05) 1.2 NS 1.2 NS 210 0.2

Harvested July 17

Primo VL 9.5 89 10.7 6 773 0.5

Snakpak SM 5.6 74 7.4 14 524 0.7

Sugarsnax SS 6.5 73 8.8 19 425 0.8

LSD (0.05) 2.1 12 1.9 NS 139 NS

Harvested July 22

Primo VL 12.0 87 13.7 8 749 0.7

Snakpak SM 7.4 87 8.6 8 519 0.7

Sugarsnax SS 8.6 70 12.3 17 501 0.9

LSD (0.05) 2.4 NS 3.3 6 NS NS

Harvested July 27

Primo VL 14.0 70 19.9 11 865 0.7

Snakpak SM 6.8 59 9.9 15 427 0.8

Sugarsnax SS 8.9 66 13.2 18 486 0.9

LSD (0.05) 4 NS 4 NS 235 NS

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	Total yield	Multiple root	Total roots	Root size
yield	% of total
	tons/acre	%	tons/acre	%	1000s/acre	oz/root
Harvested July 13
	Primo	VL	7.2	84	8.6	8	806	0.4
Snakpak	SM	4.0	78	5.1	11	613	0.4
Sugarsnax	SS	5.8	80	7.2	13	484	0.7

LSD (0.05)	1.2	NS	1.2	NS	210	0.2

Harvested July 17
	Primo	VL	9.5	89	10.7	6	773	0.5
Snakpak	SM	5.6	74	7.4	14	524	0.7
Sugarsnax	SS	6.5	73	8.8	19	425	0.8

LSD (0.05)	2.1	12	1.9	NS	139	NS

Harvested July 22
	Primo	VL	12.0	87	13.7	8	749	0.7
Snakpak	SM	7.4	87	8.6	8	519	0.7
Sugarsnax	SS	8.6	70	12.3	17	501	0.9

LSD (0.05)	2.4	NS	3.3	6	NS	NS

Harvested July 27
	Primo	VL	14.0	70	19.9	11	865	0.7
Snakpak	SM	6.8	59	9.9	15	427	0.8
Sugarsnax	SS	8.9	66	13.2	18	486	0.9

LSD (0.05)	4	NS	4	NS	235	NS

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

Table 11. Root characteristics of carrots harvested for cut and peel baby carrots at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998.

Hybrid Seed source^† Root length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color^‡ Core color^‡ Cortex/core contrast^§

------------- inches -------------- ----- 1 to 4 ----- 1 to 5

Harvested July 13

Primo VL 7.1 0.78 0.32 3.0 2.0 3.8

Snakpak SM 8.2 0.68 0.31 3.0 3.0 3.0

Sugarsnax SS 8.7 0.69 0.31 3.0 2.8 3.5

LSD (0.05) 0.7 NS NS NS 0.8 NS

C.V. (%) 5 9 17 0 17 22

Harvested July 17

Primo VL 7.7 0.82 0.37 2.5 2.5 4.0

Snakpak SM 8.6 0.83 0.39 3.0 3.0 3.0

Sugarsnax SS 9.2 0.70 0.33 3.0 3.0 3.0

LSD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS 0

C.V. (%) 11 10 22 12 12 0

Harvested July 22

Primo VL 7.8 0.92 0.37 3.0 3.0 3.3

Snakpak SM 8.6 0.80 0.36 3.0 3.0 3.0

Sugarsnax SS 9.1 0.76 0.34 3.0 3.0 3.0

LSD (0.05) 1.0 0.11 NS NS NS NS

C.V. (%) 7 8 14 0 0 9

Harvested July 27

Primo VL 8.2 0.87 0.36 2.5 2.5 3.0

Snakpak SM 8.6 0.78 0.34 3.0 3.0 3.0

Sugarsnax SS 8.3 0.84 0.39 3.0 3.0 3.0

LSD (0.05) NS NS NS NS NS NS

C.V. (%) 13 10 17 12 12 16

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Root length	Root diameter	Core diameter	Cortex color^‡	Core color^‡	Cortex/core contrast^§
	------------- inches --------------	----- 1 to 4 -----	1 to 5
Harvested July 13
	Primo	VL	7.1	0.78	0.32	3.0	2.0	3.8
Snakpak	SM	8.2	0.68	0.31	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sugarsnax	SS	8.7	0.69	0.31	3.0	2.8	3.5

LSD (0.05)	0.7	NS	NS	NS	0.8	NS
C.V. (%)	5	9	17	0	17	22

Harvested July 17
	Primo	VL	7.7	0.82	0.37	2.5	2.5	4.0
Snakpak	SM	8.6	0.83	0.39	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sugarsnax	SS	9.2	0.70	0.33	3.0	3.0	3.0

LSD (0.05)	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	0
C.V. (%)	11	10	22	12	12	0

Harvested July 22
	Primo	VL	7.8	0.92	0.37	3.0	3.0	3.3
Snakpak	SM	8.6	0.80	0.36	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sugarsnax	SS	9.1	0.76	0.34	3.0	3.0	3.0

LSD (0.05)	1.0	0.11	NS	NS	NS	NS
C.V. (%)	7	8	14	0	0	9

Harvested July 27
	Primo	VL	8.2	0.87	0.36	2.5	2.5	3.0
Snakpak	SM	8.6	0.78	0.34	3.0	3.0	3.0
Sugarsnax	SS	8.3	0.84	0.39	3.0	3.0	3.0

LSD (0.05)	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS
C.V. (%)	13	10	17	12	12	16

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

^§Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

Table 12. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested on July 30 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid
Seed source^† US #1 carrots
Total yield
Total roots

yield (by root diameter) % of total yield

>1.0" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total

------------ tons/acre ------------ -------- % ---------- tons/acre 1000s/acre

Indiana BZ 1.5 2.9 bc 4.4 d 16 ef 54 d 7.8 b 172 d

Iowa BZ 6.6 2.3 c 9.4 ab 58 ab 76 ab 12.4 a 258 abc

Navajo SS 5.9 2.7 bc 8.6 ab 51 abc 73 ab 11.6 a 203 bcd

Newport BZ 1.2 5.3 a 6.4 bcd 12 f 64 bcd 9.9 ab 319 a

Primecut 59 SS 2.6 4.1 ab 6.7 bcd 28 de 71 abc 9.5 ab 194 cd

Primo VL 7.4 2.5 c 9.9 a 62 a 84 a 11.9 a 269 ab

Snakpak SM 3.3 2.4 c 5.8 cd 42 c 72 abc 8.0 b 161 d

Sugarsnax 54 SS 5.7 2.7 bc 8.4 abc 47 bc 69 bc 12.3 a 196 cd

XP 3918 AS 3.7 2.7 bc 6.5 bcd 41 cd 70 abc 9.5 ab 208 bcd

XP 3973 AS 3.2 2.0 c 5.1 d 38 cd 59 cd 8.4 b 150 d

LSD (0.05) 1.8 ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡

C.V. (%) 30 35 27 24 14 19 27

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	Total yield	Total roots
yield (by root diameter)	% of total yield
>1.0"	¾ to 1"	total	>1.0"	total
	------------ tons/acre ------------	-------- % ----------	tons/acre	1000s/acre
Indiana	BZ	1.5	2.9 bc	4.4 d	16 ef	54 d	7.8 b	172 d
Iowa	BZ	6.6	2.3 c	9.4 ab	58 ab	76 ab	12.4 a	258 abc
Navajo	SS	5.9	2.7 bc	8.6 ab	51 abc	73 ab	11.6 a	203 bcd
Newport	BZ	1.2	5.3 a	6.4 bcd	12 f	64 bcd	9.9 ab	319 a
Primecut 59	SS	2.6	4.1 ab	6.7 bcd	28 de	71 abc	9.5 ab	194 cd
Primo	VL	7.4	2.5 c	9.9 a	62 a	84 a	11.9 a	269 ab
Snakpak	SM	3.3	2.4 c	5.8 cd	42 c	72 abc	8.0 b	161 d
Sugarsnax 54	SS	5.7	2.7 bc	8.4 abc	47 bc	69 bc	12.3 a	196 cd
XP 3918	AS	3.7	2.7 bc	6.5 bcd	41 cd	70 abc	9.5 ab	208 bcd
XP 3973	AS	3.2	2.0 c	5.1 d	38 cd	59 cd	8.4 b	150 d

LSD (0.05)	1.8	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡
C.V. (%)	30	35	27	24	14	19	27

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 13. Root characteristics for carrots harvested July 30 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color^‡ Core color^‡ Con- trast^§ Uni- form^¶ Overall score US #1 size

% ---------- inches ----------- ---- 1 to 4 ---- --- 1 to 5 --- 1 to 10 oz/root

Indiana BZ 37d 9.4 0.79 0.40 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 1.5cd

Iowa BZ 16ab 8.4 0.94 0.52 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 6.4 1.8abc

Navajo SS 22abc 8.6 0.93 0.47 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.1 6.3 1.9ab

Newport BZ 27bcd 9.3 0.82 0.38 3.3 3.3 2.8 2.9 6.1 1.1e

Primecut SS 24bc 9.4 0.94 0.40 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.8 1.7bcd

Primo VL 12a 7.7 0.92 0.39 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 6.5 1.5d

Snakpak SM 23abc 7.9 0.94 0.46 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.9 6.4 1.7bcd

Sugarsnax SS 28bcd 10.2 0.87 0.38 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 6.0 2.1a

XP 3918 AS 23abc 8.8 0.88 0.45 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.4 1.6bcd

XP 3973 AS 31cd 9.6 0.88 0.45 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 6.0 2.1a

LSD(0.05) ^†† 1.3 0.10 NS NS NS NS NS NS ^††

C.V. (%) 34 10 8 16 11 15 14 9 8 11

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Multiple root	Average length	Root diameter	Core diameter	Cortex color^‡	Core color^‡	Con- trast^§	Uni- form^¶	Overall score	US #1 size
	%	---------- inches -----------	---- 1 to 4 ----	--- 1 to 5 ---	1 to 10	oz/root
Indiana	BZ	37d	9.4	0.79	0.40	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	6.0	1.5cd
Iowa	BZ	16ab	8.4	0.94	0.52	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	6.4	1.8abc
Navajo	SS	22abc	8.6	0.93	0.47	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.1	6.3	1.9ab
Newport	BZ	27bcd	9.3	0.82	0.38	3.3	3.3	2.8	2.9	6.1	1.1e
Primecut	SS	24bc	9.4	0.94	0.40	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.8	1.7bcd
Primo	VL	12a	7.7	0.92	0.39	2.5	2.5	3.5	3.0	6.5	1.5d
Snakpak	SM	23abc	7.9	0.94	0.46	2.8	2.8	3.3	2.9	6.4	1.7bcd
Sugarsnax	SS	28bcd	10.2	0.87	0.38	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	6.0	2.1a
XP 3918	AS	23abc	8.8	0.88	0.45	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.4	1.6bcd
XP 3973	AS	31cd	9.6	0.88	0.45	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	6.0	2.1a

LSD(0.05)	^††	1.3	0.10	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	^††
C.V. (%)	34	10	8	16	11	15	14	9	8	11

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

^§Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

^¶The higher the number the more uniform the carrots.

^††Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 14. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested on August 6 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid
Seed source^† US #1 carrots

Total yield

Total roots

yield (by root diameter) % of total yield

>1.5" 1 to 1.5" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total

------------ tons/acre ---------------- -------- % --------- tons/acre 1000s/acre

Indiana BZ 0.0 2.8 2.1 b 5.4 d 34 de 58 c 9.3 d 148 cd

Iowa BZ 1.3 5.4 1.6 b 8.3 bcd 53 bc 66 bc 12.7 bcd 229 b

Navajo SS 1.0 6.9 1.3 b 9.3 bc 57 ab 66 bc 13.7 abc 189 bcd

Newport BZ 0.0 2.9 4.9 a 7.8 cd 25 e 65 bc 12.0 cd 309 a

Primecut 59 SS 0.0 5.1 3.8 a 9.0 bc 43 cd 75 ab 12.0 cd 214 bc

Primo VL 0.1 11.0 2.2 b 13.3 a 69 a 82 a 16.0 a 313 a

Snakpak SM 0.4 6.0 1.8 b 8.1 cd 53 bc 69 bc 11.9 cd 186 bcd

Sugarsnax 54 SS 0.9 8.1 2.2 b 11.2 ab 57 ab 71 ab 15.8 ab 208 bc

XP 3918 AS 0.8 4.7 1.5 b 6.9 cd 55 bc 69 bc 10.0 d 164 bcd

XP 3973 AS 0.9 5.9 1.0 b 7.9 cd 61 ab 69 bc 11.2 cd 139 d

LSD (0.05) 0.9 2.6 ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡ ^‡

C.V. (%) 109 30 42 23 17 12 18 22

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	Total yield	Total roots
yield (by root diameter)	% of total yield
>1.5"	1 to 1.5"	¾ to 1"	total	>1.0"	total
	------------ tons/acre ----------------	-------- % ---------	tons/acre	1000s/acre
Indiana	BZ	0.0	2.8	2.1 b	5.4 d	34 de	58 c	9.3 d	148 cd
Iowa	BZ	1.3	5.4	1.6 b	8.3 bcd	53 bc	66 bc	12.7 bcd	229 b
Navajo	SS	1.0	6.9	1.3 b	9.3 bc	57 ab	66 bc	13.7 abc	189 bcd
Newport	BZ	0.0	2.9	4.9 a	7.8 cd	25 e	65 bc	12.0 cd	309 a
Primecut 59	SS	0.0	5.1	3.8 a	9.0 bc	43 cd	75 ab	12.0 cd	214 bc
Primo	VL	0.1	11.0	2.2 b	13.3 a	69 a	82 a	16.0 a	313 a
Snakpak	SM	0.4	6.0	1.8 b	8.1 cd	53 bc	69 bc	11.9 cd	186 bcd
Sugarsnax 54	SS	0.9	8.1	2.2 b	11.2 ab	57 ab	71 ab	15.8 ab	208 bc
XP 3918	AS	0.8	4.7	1.5 b	6.9 cd	55 bc	69 bc	10.0 d	164 bcd
XP 3973	AS	0.9	5.9	1.0 b	7.9 cd	61 ab	69 bc	11.2 cd	139 d

LSD (0.05)	0.9	2.6	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡	^‡
C.V. (%)	109	30	42	23	17	12	18	22

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 15. Root characteristics for carrots harvested August 6 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color^‡ Core color^‡ Con- trast^§ Uni- form^¶ Overall score US #1 size

% ------------ inches ------------- ---- 1 to 4 ---- --- 1 to 5 --- 1 to 10 oz/root

Indiana BZ 36d 9.6 0.87 0.40 2.9 2.9 2.9 2.9 5.6 2.0cde

Iowa BZ 23bc 8.9 1.00 0.59 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 5.8 2.0cde

Navajo SS 26bcd 8.6 0.97 0.50 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.8 2.4bc

Newport BZ 29cd 8.7 0.89 0.45 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.5 1.4f

Primecut SS 21bc 10.2 0.93 0.46 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 5.8 1.8def

Primo VL 10a 8.4 1.01 0.43 2.5 2.5 3.5 3.0 6.4 1.7ef

Snakpak SM 22bc 9.6 0.98 0.51 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.8 2.2bcd

Sugarsnax SS 18ab 9.1 0.95 0.43 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.6 2.6ab

XP 3918 AS 23bc 8.9 0.96 0.46 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.4 2.0cde

XP 3973 AS 25bcd 9.5 1.08 0.56 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.5 3.0a

LSD(0.05) ^†† NS 0.11 NS NS NS NS NS NS ^††

C.V. (%) 32 11 8 20 10 10 10 6 7 15

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Multiple root	Average length	Root diameter	Core diameter	Cortex color^‡	Core color^‡	Con- trast^§	Uni- form^¶	Overall score	US #1 size
	%	------------ inches -------------	---- 1 to 4 ----	--- 1 to 5 ---	1 to 10	oz/root
Indiana	BZ	36d	9.6	0.87	0.40	2.9	2.9	2.9	2.9	5.6	2.0cde
Iowa	BZ	23bc	8.9	1.00	0.59	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	5.8	2.0cde
Navajo	SS	26bcd	8.6	0.97	0.50	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.8	2.4bc
Newport	BZ	29cd	8.7	0.89	0.45	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.5	1.4f
Primecut	SS	21bc	10.2	0.93	0.46	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	5.8	1.8def
Primo	VL	10a	8.4	1.01	0.43	2.5	2.5	3.5	3.0	6.4	1.7ef
Snakpak	SM	22bc	9.6	0.98	0.51	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	5.8	2.2bcd
Sugarsnax	SS	18ab	9.1	0.95	0.43	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	5.6	2.6ab
XP 3918	AS	23bc	8.9	0.96	0.46	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.4	2.0cde
XP 3973	AS	25bcd	9.5	1.08	0.56	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.5	3.0a

LSD(0.05)	^††	NS	0.11	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	^††
C.V. (%)	32	11	8	20	10	10	10	6	7	15

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

^§Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

^¶The higher the number the more uniform the carrots.

^††Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 16. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested on August 13 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid
Seed source^† US #1 carrots

Total yield

Total roots

yield (by root diameter) % of total yield

>1.5" 1 to 1.5" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total

----------------- tons/acre ----------------- ------ % ------ tons/acre 1000s/acre

Indiana BZ 0.2 4.3 1.3 5.7 41 53 11.0 161

Iowa BZ 1.1 6.8 1.4 9.4 49 58 16.0 213

Navajo SS 2.5 5.5 0.7 8.7 51 56 15.9 179

Newport BZ 0.0 5.0 4.1 9.2 36 64 14.1 285

Primecut 59 SS 0.2 8.6 3.4 12.1 49 69 17.6 219

Primo VL 0.3 9.6 1.6 11.5 71 83 14.0 265

Snakpak SM 2.0 5.2 1.3 8.5 53 63 13.4 150

Sugarsnax 54 SS 0.6 8.3 1.6 10.5 46 54 19.4 209

XP 3918 AS 0.9 6.6 1.1 8.7 53 62 13.8 175

XP 3973 AS 1.0 6.4 1.1 8.4 49 56 15.3 138

LSD (0.05) 1.2 2.7 1.3 3.5 16 17 3.5 46

C.V. (%) 97 28 50 26 22 19 16 16

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	Total yield	Total roots
yield (by root diameter)	% of total yield
>1.5"	1 to 1.5"	¾ to 1"	total	>1.0"	total
	----------------- tons/acre -----------------	------ % ------	tons/acre	1000s/acre
Indiana	BZ	0.2	4.3	1.3	5.7	41	53	11.0	161
Iowa	BZ	1.1	6.8	1.4	9.4	49	58	16.0	213
Navajo	SS	2.5	5.5	0.7	8.7	51	56	15.9	179
Newport	BZ	0.0	5.0	4.1	9.2	36	64	14.1	285
Primecut 59	SS	0.2	8.6	3.4	12.1	49	69	17.6	219
Primo	VL	0.3	9.6	1.6	11.5	71	83	14.0	265
Snakpak	SM	2.0	5.2	1.3	8.5	53	63	13.4	150
Sugarsnax 54	SS	0.6	8.3	1.6	10.5	46	54	19.4	209
XP 3918	AS	0.9	6.6	1.1	8.7	53	62	13.8	175
XP 3973	AS	1.0	6.4	1.1	8.4	49	56	15.3	138

LSD (0.05)	1.2	2.7	1.3	3.5	16	17	3.5	46
C.V. (%)	97	28	50	26	22	19	16	16

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

Table 17. Root characteristics for carrots harvested August 13 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color^‡ Core color^‡ Con- trast^§ Uni- form^¶ Overall score US #1 size

% ----------- inches ------------- ---- 1 to 4 ---- --- 1 to 5 --- 1 to 10 oz/root

Indiana BZ 35 9.4 0.94 0.48 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.5 5.8 2.4

Iowa BZ 25 8.5 1.00 0.53 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.9 2.4

Navajo SS 33 9.1 1.09 0.57 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.6 2.9

Newport BZ 22 9.4 0.81 0.35 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.8 1.8

Primecut SS 18 9.8 0.93 0.37 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 2.6

Primo VL 11 8.4 1.07 0.45 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.1 6.8 1.8

Snakpak SM 25 9.3 0.94 0.42 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.9 2.8

Sugarsnax SS 31 9.1 0.99 0.41 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.8 2.9

XP 3918 AS 31 9.0 1.02 0.44 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.8 2.6

XP 3973 AS 37 10.3 1.06 0.56 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.6 5.3 3.2

LSD(0.05) 15 NS 0.12 0.10 NS NS NS 0.3 0.6 0.5

C.V. (%) 39 9 8 15 8 8 7 9 7 14

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Multiple root	Average length	Root diameter	Core diameter	Cortex color^‡	Core color^‡	Con- trast^§	Uni- form^¶	Overall score	US #1 size
	%	----------- inches -------------	---- 1 to 4 ----	--- 1 to 5 ---	1 to 10	oz/root
Indiana	BZ	35	9.4	0.94	0.48	2.8	2.8	3.3	2.5	5.8	2.4
Iowa	BZ	25	8.5	1.00	0.53	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	5.9	2.4
Navajo	SS	33	9.1	1.09	0.57	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.6	2.9
Newport	BZ	22	9.4	0.81	0.35	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.8	1.8
Primecut	SS	18	9.8	0.93	0.37	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	6.0	2.6
Primo	VL	11	8.4	1.07	0.45	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.1	6.8	1.8
Snakpak	SM	25	9.3	0.94	0.42	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.9	2.8
Sugarsnax	SS	31	9.1	0.99	0.41	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.8	2.9
XP 3918	AS	31	9.0	1.02	0.44	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.8	2.6
XP 3973	AS	37	10.3	1.06	0.56	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.6	5.3	3.2

LSD(0.05)	15	NS	0.12	0.10	NS	NS	NS	0.3	0.6	0.5
C.V. (%)	39	9	8	15	8	8	7	9	7	14

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

^§Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

^¶The higher the number the more uniform the carrots.

Table 18. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots harvested on August 24 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid
Seed source^† US #1 carrots Total yield Total roots

yield (by root diameter) % of total yield

>1.5" 1 to 1.5" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total

-------------- tons/acre ---------------- ------- % --------- tons/acre 1000s/acre

Indiana BZ 0.8 4.4 2.1 b 7.3 38 c 52 12.9 c 161 cd

Iowa BZ 5.3 6.5 1.7 b 13.8 57 ab 64 21.6 ab 215 bc

Navajo SS 3.8 6.1 1.0 b 10.9 54 abc 60 18.3 b 187 cd

Newport BZ 0.2 6.6 5.1 a 11.9 38 c 66 17.9 b 276 ab

Primecut 59 SS 1.0 8.5 2.1 b 11.5 48 bc 58 19.5 ab 193 cd

Primo VL 0.3 11.3 2.4 b 14.0 67 a 81 17.1 bc 298 a

Snakpak SM 1.9 6.6 1.2 b 9.8 49 bc 56 17.5 bc 159 cd

Sugarsnax 54 SS 2.9 10.0 1.0 b 13.9 54 abc 58 24.2 a 198 cd

XP 3918 AS 3.5 7.3 1.4 b 13.4 63 ab 71 19.1 ab 192 cd

XP 3973 AS 3.1 5.7 0.9 b 9.6 51 abc 56 16.8 bc 132 d

LSD (0.05) 2.0 3.6 ^‡ NS ^‡ NS ^‡ ^‡

C.V. (%) 61 34 71 31 23 23 18 23

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	Total yield	Total roots
yield (by root diameter)	% of total yield
>1.5"	1 to 1.5"	¾ to 1"	total	>1.0"	total
	-------------- tons/acre ----------------	------- % ---------	tons/acre	1000s/acre
Indiana	BZ	0.8	4.4	2.1 b	7.3	38 c	52	12.9 c	161 cd
Iowa	BZ	5.3	6.5	1.7 b	13.8	57 ab	64	21.6 ab	215 bc
Navajo	SS	3.8	6.1	1.0 b	10.9	54 abc	60	18.3 b	187 cd
Newport	BZ	0.2	6.6	5.1 a	11.9	38 c	66	17.9 b	276 ab
Primecut 59	SS	1.0	8.5	2.1 b	11.5	48 bc	58	19.5 ab	193 cd
Primo	VL	0.3	11.3	2.4 b	14.0	67 a	81	17.1 bc	298 a
Snakpak	SM	1.9	6.6	1.2 b	9.8	49 bc	56	17.5 bc	159 cd
Sugarsnax 54	SS	2.9	10.0	1.0 b	13.9	54 abc	58	24.2 a	198 cd
XP 3918	AS	3.5	7.3	1.4 b	13.4	63 ab	71	19.1 ab	192 cd
XP 3973	AS	3.1	5.7	0.9 b	9.6	51 abc	56	16.8 bc	132 d

LSD (0.05)	2.0	3.6	^‡	NS	^‡	NS	^‡	^‡
C.V. (%)	61	34	71	31	23	23	18	23

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 19. Root characteristics for carrots harvested August 24 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color^‡ Core color^‡ Con- trast^§ Uni- form^¶ Overall score US #1 size

% ----------- inches ----------- ---- 1 to 4 ---- ---- 1 to 5 ---- 1 to 10 oz/root

Indiana BZ 37 10.2 1.03 0.46 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.9 5.9 2.6 cd

Iowa BZ 19 8.8 1.22 0.73 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.6 3.6 ab

Navajo SS 30 9.8 1.25 0.76 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 6.0 3.0 bc

Newport BZ 26 9.1 1.04 0.51 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.8 2.1 d

Primecut SS 25 10.7 1.21 0.67 3.0 3.0 3.0 3.0 5.9 3.1 bc

Primo VL 11 8.8 1.19 0.61 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.9 6.0 2.0 d

Snakpak SM 32 9.8 1.09 0.61 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 6.0 3.4 ab

Sugarsnax SS 30 10.1 1.12 0.62 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.8 5.9 3.9 a

XP 3918 AS 23 10.3 1.09 0.59 2.8 2.8 3.3 3.0 6.1 3.2 abc

XP 3973 AS 36 9.9 1.16 0.63 3.0 3.0 3.0 2.5 5.6 3.9 a

LSD(0.05) NS 1.1 NS 0.14 NS NS NS NS NS ^††

C.V. (%) 47 8 9 16 9 9 9 11 5 16

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Multiple root	Average length	Root diameter	Core diameter	Cortex color^‡	Core color^‡	Con- trast^§	Uni- form^¶	Overall score	US #1 size
	%	----------- inches -----------	---- 1 to 4 ----	---- 1 to 5 ----	1 to 10	oz/root
Indiana	BZ	37	10.2	1.03	0.46	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.9	5.9	2.6 cd
Iowa	BZ	19	8.8	1.22	0.73	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.6	3.6 ab
Navajo	SS	30	9.8	1.25	0.76	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	6.0	3.0 bc
Newport	BZ	26	9.1	1.04	0.51	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.8	2.1 d
Primecut	SS	25	10.7	1.21	0.67	3.0	3.0	3.0	3.0	5.9	3.1 bc
Primo	VL	11	8.8	1.19	0.61	2.8	2.8	3.3	2.9	6.0	2.0 d
Snakpak	SM	32	9.8	1.09	0.61	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	6.0	3.4 ab
Sugarsnax	SS	30	10.1	1.12	0.62	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.8	5.9	3.9 a
XP 3918	AS	23	10.3	1.09	0.59	2.8	2.8	3.3	3.0	6.1	3.2 abc
XP 3973	AS	36	9.9	1.16	0.63	3.0	3.0	3.0	2.5	5.6	3.9 a

LSD(0.05)	NS	1.1	NS	0.14	NS	NS	NS	NS	NS	^††
C.V. (%)	47	8	9	16	9	9	9	11	5	16

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

^§Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

^¶The higher the number the more uniform the carrots.

^††Values in this column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 20. Yield of carrots harvested as processing carrots on October 21 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† US #1 carrots
US #2 yield
Total yield
Total roots

yield (by root diameter) % of total

>2.5" 1.5 to 2.5" 1 to 1.5" total

---------------- tons/acre ---------------- % -- tons/acre -- 1000s/A

Indiana BZ 0.8 bc 8.1 2.8 12.2 bc 60.7 1.1 20.1 bc 114

Iowa BZ 3.9 a 11.5 1.8 18.0 a 65.6 0.8 27.6 a 114

Navajo SS 0.9 bc 12.5 1.9 15.4 ab 65.9 1.5 23.2 ab 110

Newport BZ 0.9 bc 4.3 5.1 10.7 c 63.8 0.3 16.7 c 119

Primecut 59 SS 0.0 c 10.5 5.8 16.7 ab 64.5 0.7 25.7 a 133

XP 3918 AS 2.4 ab 12.5 2.3 17.1 a 70.9 1.0 24.3 ab 113

XP 3973 AS 0.7 bc 6.3 3.6 10.6 c 54.4 0.9 19.5 bc 86

LSD(0.05) ^‡ 4.4 2.3 ^‡ NS NS ^‡ NS

C.V. (%) 107 31 47 21 15 98 15 20

Hybrid	Seed source^†	US #1 carrots	US #2 yield	Total yield	Total roots
yield (by root diameter)	% of total
>2.5"	1.5 to 2.5"	1 to 1.5"	total
	---------------- tons/acre ----------------	%	-- tons/acre --	1000s/A
Indiana	BZ	0.8 bc	8.1	2.8	12.2 bc	60.7	1.1	20.1 bc	114
Iowa	BZ	3.9 a	11.5	1.8	18.0 a	65.6	0.8	27.6 a	114
Navajo	SS	0.9 bc	12.5	1.9	15.4 ab	65.9	1.5	23.2 ab	110
Newport	BZ	0.9 bc	4.3	5.1	10.7 c	63.8	0.3	16.7 c	119
Primecut 59	SS	0.0 c	10.5	5.8	16.7 ab	64.5	0.7	25.7 a	133
XP 3918	AS	2.4 ab	12.5	2.3	17.1 a	70.9	1.0	24.3 ab	113
XP 3973	AS	0.7 bc	6.3	3.6	10.6 c	54.4	0.9	19.5 bc	86

LSD(0.05)	^‡	4.4	2.3	^‡	NS	NS	^‡	NS
C.V. (%)	107	31	47	21	15	98	15	20

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Values in each of these columns followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Table 21. Root characteristics for carrots harvested as processing carrots on Oct. 21 in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 carrot hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source^† Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter US #1 size Overall score

% -------------- inches ------------ oz/root 1 to 10

Indiana BZ 19 11.6 1.8 0.98 6.0 bc 7.1

Iowa BZ 18 9.9 1.9 1.17 8.0 a 6.5

Navajo SS 12 10.3 1.8 1.03 6.9 ab 6.5

Newport BZ 15 11.1 1.6 0.88 4.7 c 6.8

Primecut 59 SS 7 11.4 1.7 1.06 6.2 b 6.9

XP 3918 AS 8 11.3 1.9 0.98 7.3 ab 6.8

XP 3973 AS 16 11.7 1.9 0.99 7.1 ab 6.3

LSD(0.05) NS NS NS NS ^‡ NS

C.V. (%) 53 8 9 14 14 8

Hybrid	Seed source^†	Multiple root	Average length	Root diameter	Core diameter	US #1 size	Overall score
	%	-------------- inches ------------	oz/root	1 to 10
Indiana	BZ	19	11.6	1.8	0.98	6.0 bc	7.1
Iowa	BZ	18	9.9	1.9	1.17	8.0 a	6.5
Navajo	SS	12	10.3	1.8	1.03	6.9 ab	6.5
Newport	BZ	15	11.1	1.6	0.88	4.7 c	6.8
Primecut 59	SS	7	11.4	1.7	1.06	6.2 b	6.9
XP 3918	AS	8	11.3	1.9	0.98	7.3 ab	6.8
XP 3973	AS	16	11.7	1.9	0.99	7.1 ab	6.3

LSD(0.05)	NS	NS	NS	NS	^‡	NS
C.V. (%)	53	8	9	14	14	8

^†See appendix A for seed source codes.

^‡Values in this column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site Variety Performance Trials

Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1998 annual report

Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site crop index

Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site home page

Soil:	Maddock sandy loam, Hecla sandy loam and Embden sandy loam; pH=7.0; 2.5% organic matter; soil-P was medium; soil-K high; soil-S very low.
Previous crop:	1997 - winter squash and pumpkin; 1996 - cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower; 1995 - tomato, pepper.
Seedbed Preparation:	Disked on 31 October 1997. Formed beds on May 5. Rototilled lightly on May 6 to incorporate herbicide. Beds were 36 inches wide on 54 inch centers.
Planting:	Direct seeded on May 6 and 7 with a Stanhay vegetable planter. Planting pattern for cello and processing carrots was paired rows (3 inches between rows in the pair) with two sets of paired rows per 36 inch bed (22 inches between paired rows). Planting rate was about 500,000 seeds/acre for cello, and 400,000 seeds/acre for the processing carrots. Planting pattern for cut and peel baby carrots was paired rows (3 inches between rows in the pair) with 3 sets of paired rows per bed, seeded at about 1.5 million seeds/acre.
Fertilizer:	On April 13, broadcast 14 lbs N/acre and 70 lbs P₂O₅/acre as 10-50-0, 16 lbs N/acre and 19 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24, and 94 lbs K₂0/acre as 0-0-60. Applied 47 lbs N/acre as urea on June 26.
Plots:	Plots were 17 ft long by one bed (36 inches) wide. There were 4 reps.
Irrigation:	Surface drip irrigation as needed.
Pest control:	Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1.5 pt/acre on May 5), Linex (1 lb/acre on May 7 and 2 lb/acre on June 16) and by hand weeding. We sprayed Sevin (1 qt/acre on June 26, July 9, July 30 and Aug 20), Asana (8 oz/acre on July 1, July 15, Aug 5 and Aug 13) and Malathion 57 EC (2.5 pt/acre on July 23) to control leafhopper.
Harvest:	The harvests for cut and peel baby carrots and cello carrots were on a weekly schedule, beginning July 13 for the baby carrots and July 30 for the cello carrots. Cello and baby carrots were harvested 4 times. The processing carrots were harvested on Oct 21. Harvest area was one bed wide by three ft long for the cello carrots, two ft long for the baby carrots, and five ft long for the processing carrots.