Testing bulls for breeding soundness now could reduce the number of open cows later.

The virus affects horses, mules and donkeys.

Producers need to understand the potential risks of nitrate toxicity.

Some forages may contain levels of nitrate that are toxic to livestock.

High temperatures combined with adequate moisture can impact plant metabolism and cause nitrate to build up in plants.

Salts, minerals and bacteria may have compromised the quality of water in ponds and dugouts.

Some forage may be low in nutritional value and high in nitrate.

Producers should test forage before feeding it to their livestock.

Poor water quality can impact livestock health.

NDSU offers advice on manure testing.