Table 10
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Table 10. Frequency of plant species in 25 x 25 cm frames on loamy ecological sites in 1988 and 2011 and their response to long-term grazing. For many species the grazing response is more obvious when comparing intermediate years. Click on the plant name in this table to see a graph of the changes in abundance over time on each of the different treatments. |
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| Treatment | |||||||||||
| Ungrazed | Light | Moderate | Heavy | Extreme | |||||||
| Scientific Name - Common name | 1988 | 2011 | 1988 | 2011 | 1988 | 2011 | 1988 | 2011 | 1988 | 2011 | Grazing Response |
| Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky bluegrass | 86.00 | 100.00 | 84.67 | 99.33 | 92.67 | 98.00 | 75.33 | 95.33 | 82.00 | 98.00 | decrease |
| Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Löve - western wheatgrass | 58.67 | 64.00 | 30.00 | 58.00 | 64.67 | 77.33 | 42.67 | 66.00 | 57.67 | 84.00 | increase |
| Carex inops Bailey ssp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins - sun sedge | 50.67 | 20.00 | 72.00 | 36.00 | 76.67 | 49.33 | 77.33 | 81.33 | 75.67 | 83.33 | increase |
| Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. ericoides - heath aster | 29.33 | 66.67 | 45.33 | 72.00 | 38.67 | 64.67 | 39.33 | 48.67 | 35.00 | 42.67 | increase-decrease |
| Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. - cudweed sagewort | 5.33 | 25.33 | 31.33 | 63.33 | 24.00 | 42.00 | 29.33 | 44.00 | 12.33 | 17.33 | increase-decrease |
| Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth - green needlegrass | 36.67 | 11.33 | 34.67 | 9.33 | 48.67 | 43.33 | 30.00 | 63.33 | 41.00 | 46.00 | increase |
| Carex obtusata Lilj. - obtuse sedge | 16.00 | 45.33 | 16.67 | 63.33 | 15.33 | 46.00 | 8.67 | 58.00 | 6.67 | 22.67 | |
| Achillea millefolium L. - western yarrow | 4.00 | 34.67 | 1.33 | 20.00 | 7.33 | 46.67 | 3.33 | 48.67 | 3.67 | 84.67 | increase |
| Taraxacum officinale F.H. Wigg. - common dandelion | 0.67 | 50.67 | 0.00 | 20.00 | 0.00 | 52.67 | 0.00 | 76.00 | 0.00 | 100.00 | increase |
| Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths - blue grama | 49.33 | 0.67 | 24.67 | 6.00 | 42.00 | 32.00 | 45.33 | 57.33 | 30.33 | 58.00 | increase |
| Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. humile (Porter) Nesom - stiff goldenrod | 0.67 | 36.00 | 0.00 | 52.00 | 0.67 | 90.67 | 0.00 | 76.00 | 1.00 | 35.33 | |
| Artemisia frigida Willd. - fringed sagewort | 8.67 | 2.00 | 2.67 | 1.33 | 4.67 | 19.33 | 6.67 | 55.33 | 3.33 | 30.67 | increase |
| Vicia americana Muhl. ex Willd. - American vetch | 0.00 | 7.33 | 0.67 | 7.33 | 2.67 | 5.33 | 1.33 | 20.00 | 1.67 | 51.33 | increase |
| Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dun. - curly-cup gumweed | 0.67 | 11.33 | 0.67 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 32.00 | 0.00 | 66.67 | 1.00 | 56.00 | increase |
| Cerastium arvense L. - prairie chickweed | 0.00 | 12.67 | 0.00 | 10.67 | 0.00 | 54.00 | 0.00 | 41.33 | 0.00 | 86.00 | increase |
| Hesperostipa curtiseta (Hitchc.) Barkworth - western porcupine grass | 8.67 | 2.67 | 16.00 | 12.00 | 4.00 | 12.67 | 8.00 | 20.67 | 8.33 | 19.33 | increase-decrease |
| Ambrosia psilostachya DC. - western ragweed | 3.33 | 58.00 | 2.00 | 54.67 | 3.33 | 72.67 | 0.67 | 20.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vassey) Freckmann - Wilcox dichanthelium | 0.00 | 3.33 | 2.00 | 10.00 | 3.33 | 47.33 | 2.67 | 56.67 | 2.00 | 36.67 | increase-decrease |
| Astragalus agrestis Dougl. ex G. Don - field milk-vetch | 2.67 | 8.00 | 1.33 | 2.67 | 2.00 | 17.33 | 3.33 | 21.33 | 7.33 | 36.00 | increase |
| Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur - Flodman’s thistle | 0.00 | 17.33 | 6.67 | 31.33 | 6.67 | 26.00 | 4.00 | 16.67 | 1.33 | 9.33 | increase-decrease |
| Androsace occidentalis Pursh - western rock jasmine | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 26.00 | 0.00 | 48.00 | 0.00 | 44.00 | increase |
| Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes - Junegrass | 8.67 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 21.33 | 3.33 | 31.33 | increase |
| Hesperostipa comata (Trin. & Rupr.) Barkworth - needle-and-thread | 14.67 | 0.00 | 17.33 | 2.67 | 14.67 | 6.00 | 29.33 | 18.67 | 28.67 | 11.33 | |
| Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. - prairie coneflower | 3.33 | 2.67 | 1.33 | 6.67 | 2.00 | 14.00 | 2.00 | 28.00 | 2.00 | 14.00 | increase-decrease |
| Elymus repens (L.) Gould - quackgrass | 0.67 | 10.00 | 2.00 | 44.67 | 1.33 | 50.67 | 0.00 | 20.67 | 2.00 | 20.67 | increase-decrease |
| Carex eleocharis Bailey. - needle-leaved sedge | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 4.67 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 13.33 | 0.00 | 29.33 | increase |
| Solidago missouriensis Nutt. - Missouri goldenrod | 2.00 | 10.67 | 0.00 | 19.33 | 0.67 | 18.00 | 2.67 | 20.00 | 1.00 | 14.67 | |
| Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & Clem. - deer vetch | 0.00 | 14.67 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 2.00 | 36.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 12.67 | decrease |
| Psoralea argophylla Pursh - silver-leaf scurf-pea | 3.33 | 2.00 | 14.00 | 4.00 | 1.33 | 6.00 | 10.00 | 9.33 | 2.67 | 2.67 | increase-decrease |
| Solidago mollis Bartl. - soft goldenrod | 0.67 | 4.67 | 0.00 | 23.33 | 2.67 | 8.00 | 4.00 | 5.33 | 6.00 | 3.33 | increase-decrease |
| Oxalis stricta L. - yellow wood sorrel | 0.00 | 17.33 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 28.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 47.33 | increase |
| Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. pauciflorus - stiff sunflower | 0.00 | 34.00 | 10.67 | 10.00 | 0.00 | 10.67 | 6.67 | 4.67 | 4.67 | 0.67 | decrease |
| Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. - comandra | 0.00 | 1.33 | 8.00 | 13.33 | 7.33 | 18.67 | 0.67 | 16.00 | 0.00 | 3.33 | increase-decrease |
| Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. - thyme-leaved spurge | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 16.00 | 0.00 | 48.00 | 0.00 | 38.67 | increase |
| Rosa arkansana Porter - prairie rose | 0.00 | 3.33 | 12.67 | 18.67 | 0.67 | 2.67 | 6.67 | 4.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Hedeoma hispidum Pursh - rough false pennyroyal | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 14.00 | 0.00 | 22.00 | increase |
| Plantago patagonica Jacq. - wooly plantain | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 16.67 | 0.00 | 12.00 | increase |
| Artemisia absinthium L. - wormwood | 0.00 | 24.67 | 0.00 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 | 18.00 | 0.00 | 2.67 | decrease |
| Potentilla pensylvanica L. - Pennsylvania cinquefoil | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 12.67 | 0.00 | 17.33 | increase |
| Bromus inermis Leyss. - smooth brome | 0.00 | 4.67 | 1.33 | 26.67 | 1.33 | 6.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Penstemon gracilis Nutt. - slender beardtongue | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 7.33 | 0.00 | 12.00 | 0.00 | 24.67 | increase |
| Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. - scarlet globe mallow | 14.67 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 7.33 | 1.33 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 10.33 | 5.33 | increase |
| Geum triflorum Pursh - prairie smoke | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 8.67 | 0.00 | 12.67 | 0.00 | 9.33 | increase |
| Tragopogon dubius Scop. - goat's beard | 0.67 | 2.67 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0.67 | 4.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | decrease |
| Medicago lupulina L. - black medic | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 5.33 | 0.00 | 50.00 | invader |
| Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. - ticklegrass | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 5.33 | 0.00 | 5.33 | 0.00 | 27.33 | invader |
| Artemisia dracunculus L. - green sagewort | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 2.67 | 0.67 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | increase-decrease |
| Carex filifolia Nutt. - thread-leaved sedge | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 8.67 | 1.33 | 0.67 | increase-decrease |
| Draba nemorosa L. - yellow whitlowort | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 7.33 | increase |
| Anemone cylindrica A. Gray - candle anemone | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 8.67 | 0.00 | 12.67 | 0.00 | 4.67 | increase-decrease |
| Bouteloua dactyloides (Nutt.) J.T. Columbus - buffalograss | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | increase |
| Lithospermum incisum Lehm. - yellow puccoon | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 13.33 | 0.00 | 2.00 | increase-decrease |
| Antennaria neglecta Greene - field pussy-toes | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 15.33 | increase |
| Calamagrostis montanensis (Scribn.) Scribn. - plains reedgrass | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 5.33 | 0.00 | 10.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | increase-decrease |
| Sisyrinchium montanum Greene. - blue-eyed grass | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 6.00 | 0.00 | 8.67 | 0.00 | 4.00 | increase-decrease |
| Asclepias ovalifolia Dcne. - ovalleaf milkweed | 0.00 | 2.00 | 0.67 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. - western wallflower | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. - peppergrass | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase |
| Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (Hopkins) Rollins - rock cress | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 4.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Juncus interior Wieg. - inland rush | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 6.00 | invader |
| Potentilla norvegica L. - Norwegian cinquefoil | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | increase |
| Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. - golden aster | 0.00 | 0.00 | 1.33 | 2.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 2.00 | 3.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. - smallflower wallflower | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Trifolium repens L. - white clover | 0.00 | 1.33 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 12.67 | invader |
| Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. - bushy knotweed | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.67 | invader |
| Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. - owl clover | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 4.67 | 0.00 | 0.00 | increase-decrease |
| Psoralea esculenta Pursh - breadroot scurf-pea | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | 0.00 | decrease |
