Oakes
NDSU Corn
Breeding Research at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site
2006 NDSU Corn Breeding Experiments at
Oakes
Germplasm Adaptation and Improvement
Non-transgenic Approaches to
Drought Tolerance
Table 26. Late Generation Testing of Experimental Hybrids Produced with
North Dakota Advance Lines
North Dakota
State University (NDSU) has officially over a 75-year history of com breeding
research. The NDSU com breeding program
is the only U.S. North American public program that develops very early
maturing drought tolerant com lines and hybrids while actively training the
next generation of breeders (MS and Ph.D. Graduates). The NDSU com breeding goals relative to North Dakota (ND)
producers are; early maturity and yield/moisture performance index (identifying
those early-maturing hybrids that outperform late-maturing ones), above average
lodging resistance and test weight, drought and heat tolerance and stability
across locations, good emergence in cool soils, early seedling vigor, disease
and pest resistance including GMOs and value-added traits (e.g. grain quality
for bio-fuels, fibers, etc).
The NDSU com
breeding program has grown to a record of 20,000 plots across 15 locations and
our products have extensively been requested by industry. We had about 40 requests for germplasm from
other public and private programs last year.
The request were mainly inbred lines due to; fast dry down, early
maturity, good performance and quality, and new sources of genetic diversity
within early maturing germplasm. In
2006 we continued a nursery for drought tolerant research, maintained our large
cooperation with industry and increased our testing efforts. We maintained two winter nurseries (on site
cooperation for two seasons per year), one greenhouse (three seasons per year),
one disease nursery and one shared molecular and quality lab. The lab has the potential and the target of
testing quality samples for the whole breeding program that is currently at 20%
(~4000-5,000 plots).
Collaboration
between the Oakes Irrigation Research Site and NDSU com breeding has been
extensive through the years especially since 1999. Following the target of the Oakes Irrigation Research Site to
expand research on traditional crops, the NDSU com breeding program
concentrates on research in basic and applied com breeding for the northern Com
Belt. The program emphasizes; germplasm adaptation and improvement, inbred line
and population development, and hybrid testing.
2006
NDSU Corn Breeding Experiments at Oakes
Oakes is part of
a large network of 15 ND testing locations that the NDSU com breeding program
utilizes to obtain reliable data in order to make release decisions. Extensive testing allows us to accurately
separate genetic from environmental effects annually in order to make top
selections. Most of our efforts at
Oakes focused on early-maturing hybrid testing followed by germplasm adaptation
and improvement with drought tolerance and grain quality efforts for feed and
fuel purposes. In 2006, we have decided
to release six new early maturing lines and three new improved com populations
as new sources of early maturing com for western and eastern dryland and irrigated
ND conditions.
NDSU com breeding
experiments were planted on May 5, 2006 and harvested during the first two
weeks of October 2006. This station had
10 breeding and genetics experiments under irrigated conditions. Most of those experiments were devoted to
inbred line development and hybrid testing while some concentrated on;
germplasm adaptation and improvement, drought tolerance, grain quality and
graduate student theses.
Go
to top of corn breeding study
NDSU supports our
major component of inbred line development for research and training
purposes. Extensive data was generated
from the 2006 field tests with the purpose to determine the relative
effectiveness of selection studies for developing new early-maturing genotypes
that can be used either in hybrids or as germplasm in pedigree selection
programs. These lines are the result of an extensive pedigree selection
methodology including thousands of lines and over four years of nursery line
screening as well as early and late generation hybrid testing across locations,
years and industry testers. Thanks in
part to the efforts at Oakes two of the new inbred lines seem promising for use
as parents for 70 to 85RM hybrids while four new inbred lines seem promising
for use as parents for 85 to 95RM hybrids.
Our early maturing hybrid trials included 10 experiments grown at three
to 15 ND locations. Over 1,000 ND
hybrids were tested at early and late generation stages for yield, maturity,
stand ability, and test weight performance.
Twenty-three new and early maturing ND experimental lines are at final
stages for potential release in the fall of 2008. These lines were sent to Puerto Rico for hybrid seed production
each with six commercial inbred lines in cooperation with AgReliant Genetics
Seed Co. Meanwhile, 65 new and early ND
experimental lines were selected for further testing and potential release in
2009. During the breeding process,
exposing thousands of hybrids to stresses and observing the poor performance of
some hybrids in field plots within experiments is very desirable. Hybrid weaknesses are exposed at some
locations increasing the chances for the breeder to discard most of them and
keep the top hybrids, usually the number of lines kept is less than a handful.
In this annual report we show data for three six single-cross
hybrid experiments that include lines at pre-release stages. These lines have
been crossed to commercial lines to produce hybrids consisting of 50% NDSU
background (Tables 26 and 27). They were arranged in partially balanced lattice
designs in two replications with incomplete blocks with the purpose to reduce
the experimental error. As a
consequence, several traits including grain yield were significantly better and
more accurately estimated with significantly lower experimental errors than if
the experiment were arranged as a randomized complete block design with more
replications (note the better estimates obtained for lattice designs compared
to the randomized complete block design with three replications used for the
industry trial shown in Table 18).
Note
the excellent potential of lines derived from tropical and late-temperate areas
(see Table 27 and the section on germplasm adaptation and
improvement) and lines already adapted to ND after years of successful
adaptation efforts. These experimental
lines have demonstrated better yield potential and earliness than popular
commercial hybrids. Even though many
are still at experimental stages they are similar in performance to the
commercial hybrids at Oakes (Table 27).
The industry trial (Table 18) coordinated by the NDSU com breeding
program consisted of a large cooperation between; several industry cooperators,
the Oakes Irrigation Research Site and the NDSU com breeding program. ND producers can take advantage of public
com performance trials by selecting their hybrids with unbiased results,
increasing their earnings, and reducing their costs. Producers can compare genetically modified and conventional
hybrids based on unbiased trials and assess the value of technology fees established
by the industry. The published information has an important economic impact
considering the increasing number of acres devoted to com in North Dakota. An average least significant difference
(LSD) of 29.3 bu/acre was reported for grain yield in Oakes. Therefore, ND com
producers can increase their income by $211 million annually if choosing
adequate hybrids for their farms (considering 1.8 million acres, LSD, and
$4.00/bu). Other traits, especially
grain moisture at harvest (and Performance Index) and test weight, should be
watched closely in order to reduce the costs and risks associated with com
production.
Go to top of corn breeding study
Germplasm
Adaptation and Improvement
Adaptation and germplasm improvement efforts have continued due to
our long-term cooperation with the national United States Department of
Agriculture - Germplasm Enhancement Maize (USDA-GEM) program and our
efforts on intra and inter-population recurrent selection programs. We currently have four full-sib reciprocal
recurrent selection programs that address the creation of new heterotic
patterns for the region and are a consequence of the extensive testing
performed for choice of germplasm.
NDBSK(HI-M)C3, NDBS11(FR-M)C3 and NDBS1011 were adapted and released as
improved germplasm sources for development of inbred parents for early maturity
and high yielding com hybrids and as elite parents for early maturing maize
population hybrids. Results from Oakes
and other ND research centers have shown a genetic improvement in earliness of
six to eight days in just three years of selection as well as improvements in
grain yield, test weight, and grain moisture at harvest. Other tropical and late temperate elite
populations are under adaptation and extensive testing as well. In 2006, we continued our research devoted
to germplasm adaptation with GEM material in the northern Com Belt. AR16026:S17-66-1-B (coded as GEM21) derived
lines, adapted through the incorporation of elite early-maturing line ND2000,
were test crossed to LH176 and to a coded Bt commercial tester from Syngenta
representing the Iodent heterotic group.
Six-year efforts of adaptation are yielding several adapted lines with
better yield and agronomic performance than popular hybrid Pioneer 39D82 (Table
27). During this season, we have maintained our four full-sib reciprocal
recurrent selection programs involving BS21, BS22, NDSAB, Leaming, CGSS, and
CGL derived early-maturing populations after creating new heterotic
patterns. We have continued our
intra-population recurrent selection efforts for germplasm improvement on
populations that have demonstrated good potential for inbred line
development.
Non-transgenic
Approaches to Drought Tolerance
Even though the ethanol industry is expanding, especially in
central and western ND, com is still limited in its west extension due to
significant environmental challenges, mainly drought. The main economic benefit to the farmer and industry in this
state continues to be the current availability of productive early-maturing
lines with high starch under abiotic stresses, a priority within the NDSU com
breeding program. Results so far
indicate that over 700 ND lines (out of 3,500) have a large potential of
transmitting drought tolerance to their hybrids and these were produced in our
2006 summer nursery. Efforts have been
initiated to understand the mechanisms of polygenic effects involved in drought
tolerance by annually testing over 4,000 genotypes (early generation inbreds
and hybrids) through non-transgenic approaches, a complementary approach to
industry. This has been made possible
by increasing our drought management in winter nurseries and extending our
testing efforts. We were successful
especially with the dry year that was characteristic for 2006. This has allowed us to develop and identify
early drought tolerant products in the most efficient way possible in order to
cover the short-term demand ethanol plants will have on ND com. In order for ND to get advantage of this
opportunity, ND com hybrids should be well adapted (e.g. early enough) to be
harvested and utilized. Otherwise,
there would not be a com-ethanol relationship for ND. NDSU extensively tests com hybrids not only in eastern ND but
also in western ND. We witnessed large
differences among hybrids for drought tolerance with NDSU hybrids being the
most tolerant. These differences were
clear not only in western locations but also under irrigation at Oakes.
Go to top of corn breeding study
Following an award from the state Agricultural Products
Utilization Commission (APUC) and in cooperation with industry we have
initiated the screening of germplasm for grain quality traits for the
development of com hybrids specific for processing and ethanol
utilization. Our germplasm has shown a
great variation for grain quality components, especially starch and protein
concentration. Our com breeding program
has continued its focus on the development of very early-maturing inbred lines
reducing the risks associated with late planting, early frost, and low grain
quality. Extensive testing across
locations have shown that some early-maturing hybrids (in cooperation with
certain industries) are similar in grain yield and lodging performance, above
average test weight (~3 Ib/bu) and below average grain moisture at harvest (~40
g kg-1) compared to dominant commercial com hybrids available in
ND. Mating design studies, including
reciprocal crosses, have evaluated not only combining ability effects but also
maternal and reciprocal effects. Most
traits, including endosperm-related traits, have not shown significant maternal
and reciprocal effects. In cooperation
with industry, we are planning studies for understanding the genetics of test
weight and dry down as well as grain quality components including com fibers.
The demand for applied com breeders is currently very high and
training the next generation of breeders continues to be a priority within
NDSU. In the past eight years the NDSU
com breeding program has trained an average of one student per year. All of them havee been hired by industry;
(Monsanto, Pioneer), USDA, NDSU, and University of Delaware. Half of the Plant Science Ph.D. graduates in
2006 came from our program. Four
graduate students (2 Ph.D. and 2 MS) and one visiting scientist (Com Breeding
Director at LAAS, Shenyang, China) were trained in our breeding program during
2006. One Ph.D. graduate was hired by
the NDSU Canola Project and another was hired by NDSU as the dry bean
breeder. One MS student has
successfully defended his thesis and was hired as a Ph.D. com breeding student at
the University of Delaware. Graduate
student theses and dissertations focused on molecular studies in disease
resistance, conventional breeding approaches to cold tolerance and grain
quality, as well as genetic effect estimation through quantitative genetic
methods (e.g. mating designs). All
graduates are applying what was learned at the NDSU com breeding program. Clarissa Barata has expressed that our
program has made easier her productivity and progress at Monsanto. Another example is that Juan Osorno has
mentioned his willingness to change his dry bean trials to more efficient
experimental designs based on his learning at NDSU com breeding program. In addition to research and advising, I
teach two graduate courses (Crop Breeding Techniques and Quantitative
Genetics), serve as editor in Euphytica and Maydica, and serve as chair in the
maize registration sub-committee of Crop Science Society of America.
Go
to top of corn breeding study
M.
J. Carena Project
Leader
Duane
Wanner Research
Specialist
McDonald
Jumbo MS
Graduate (Mating Designs)
Marcelo
Melani Ph.D. Graduate
(QTLs/Disease Resistance)
Juan
Osorno Ph.D. Graduate
(Genetic Div/Quality Traits)
Bahadir
Sezegen MS Student
(Cold Tolerance/Rec. Selection)
Colins
Eno MS Student
(Adaptation/Combining Ability)
Local genetic adaptation is essential for ND environmental challenges. In Oakes, these environmental challenges are mainly the short period between killing frosts and limited heat units. However, an irrigated site can also tell us how corn can handle drought stress. Research is essential to identify the genetic differences in hybrids affecting grain yield in irrigated vs. dryland environments. Even though the demand for corn from ethanol will increase in ND, ethanol plants will only utilize ND corn hybrids if they are early maturing with above average drought tolerance, grain quality, and stand ability. Only breeding can improve those traits. Therefore, choice of the best genetics (hybrid) should be the priority over any management input that allows full expression of the genetics available in the seed. Only the selection performed in breeding can develop new products utilizing less nitrogen fertilizer at a reduced cost. By evaluating what is currently in the market (all commercial hybrids have been developed under high nitrogen levels) no hybrid will be efficient for low nitrogen utilization. The breeder wants to acknowledge the willingness of the Irrigation Research Site and the ND Corn Council Utilization to support the NDSU corn breeding program in its goal to develop early maturing corn products adapted to the challenging ND conditions. Keeping up with the future corn demand in the state needs a strong public research program focused on breeding and genetics.
Go to top of corn breeding study
Table 26. Late Generation Testing of Experimental Hybrids Produced with North Dakota Advance Lines at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in 2006.
|
|
PERF. |
Grain |
Root |
Stalk |
Test |
|
|
Hybrid |
Yield |
INDEX |
Moist |
Ldg |
Ldg |
Weight |
|
|
bu/A |
PI |
% |
% |
% |
lb/bu |
|
TR3621 Btll X TR1017 |
243.7 |
137.4 |
19.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.8 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND00-50 |
225.3 |
125.6 |
19.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
Nutech NT5779RR/YGCB |
221.7 |
117.5 |
20.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.9 |
|
Proseed 581RR/Bt |
218.3 |
127.8 |
18.6 |
0.0 |
8.6 |
57.3 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND01-32 |
212.5 |
117.5 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
3.4 |
56.4 |
|
TR3621 Bt X ND01-32 |
211.6 |
105.6 |
21.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
Nutech NX5082RR/YGCB |
208.6 |
128.2 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.5 |
|
ND01-27 X TR3026 |
208.1 |
114.7 |
20.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
58.5 |
|
Mycogen 2P172 |
207.9 |
131.6 |
17.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
58.3 |
|
Hyland HLB264 |
205.9 |
122.0 |
18.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.6 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND01-4 |
205.3 |
108.4 |
20.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
52.1 |
|
Wensman W6084Bt/RR |
205.2 |
124.5 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
57.1 |
|
LH176 X ND01-4 |
203.4 |
110.3 |
20.3 |
1.7 |
1.8 |
52.4 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND01-4 |
202.9 |
108.3 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
53.4 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND01-2 |
202.4 |
111.2 |
19.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.5 |
|
PIONEER 39D80 |
202.1 |
130.0 |
11.1 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
55.5 |
|
LH176 RR2 X TR3013 |
201.8 |
128.0 |
17.4 |
0.0 |
13.0 |
54.1 |
|
Nutech NT9383RR/YGPL |
201.7 |
120.5 |
18.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
57.1 |
|
TR3621 X TR1017 |
201.4 |
116.8 |
19.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
58.5 |
|
PIONEER 39D82 |
200.3 |
124.2 |
11.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.1 |
|
Mycogen X 25102 |
199.4 |
105.4 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
58.2 |
|
LH176 X ND00-50 |
199.1 |
116.2 |
19.0 |
0.0 |
3.6 |
54.5 |
|
ND01-27 X TR4563 |
196.8 |
112.1 |
19.4 |
0.0 |
1.6 |
54.3 |
|
TR4563 X ND01-4 |
196.4 |
102.3 |
21.0 |
0.0 |
8.0 |
51.3 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND01-27 |
195.0 |
115.5 |
18.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
57.4 |
|
TR3621 Btll X TR3127 |
194.9 |
106.0 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.1 |
|
LH298 X ND01-4 |
194.6 |
96.3 |
21.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
51.5 |
|
TR2040 X TR1957Bt |
192.6 |
110.3 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.0 |
|
LH298 X ND97-6W |
192.6 |
111.7 |
18.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.2 |
|
LH298 X ND00-50 |
192.0 |
105.4 |
19.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.7 |
|
LH176 X ND97-6W |
189.9 |
115.1 |
17.8 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
54.7 |
|
TR4033 X LH290 |
189.4 |
111.7 |
18.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.9 |
|
TR3127 X ND00-50 |
187.9 |
100.5 |
20.8 |
0.0 |
3.8 |
55.6 |
|
LH298 X ND01-32 |
186.7 |
105.0 |
19.7 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
52.3 |
|
Proseed 582RR/Bt |
185.1 |
109.7 |
18.3 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
57.6 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND00-50 |
184.4 |
100.4 |
20.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.0 |
|
TR3026 Bl X TR1957 |
182.8 |
96.9 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.0 |
|
TR4563 X ND97-6W |
181.8 |
105.7 |
19.0 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
56.9 |
|
TR4563 X ND01-32 |
181.3 |
99.9 |
19.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
53.8 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND99-8 |
180.8 |
107.2 |
18.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.1 |
|
TR3026 X ND97-6W |
180.4 |
98.4 |
19.9 |
0.0 |
14.1 |
59.3 |
|
ND01-28 X NP2123Bt |
180.3 |
98.8 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.3 |
|
TR1017Bt X ND01-27 |
180.1 |
109.0 |
17.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.6 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND97-6W |
179.4 |
98.5 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
13.9 |
57.1 |
|
Proseed 583 |
176.7 |
96.2 |
20.1 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
57.9 |
|
TR1017Bt X ND01-32 |
176.5 |
119.0 |
16.3 |
0.0 |
3.1 |
55.5 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND00-24 |
175.7 |
108.8 |
17.9 |
0.0 |
3.2 |
58.1 |
|
TR1957 X ND01-27 |
174.2 |
95.7 |
19.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.0 |
|
TR1017Bt X ND01-28 |
174.1 |
103.5 |
18.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.6 |
|
LH176 X ND01-32 |
173.5 |
95.3 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
3.4 |
52.1 |
|
TR2040 X ND00-50 |
172.0 |
95.9 |
19.6 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
55.5 |
|
TR3621Bt X ND01-27 |
171.6 |
100.5 |
18.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
57.3 |
|
TR1017Bt X ND01-4 |
171.4 |
106.8 |
17.1 |
3.5 |
2.9 |
55.8 |
|
Wensman W6082BtfRR |
171.4 |
117.7 |
16.3 |
0.0 |
9.6 |
55.8 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND00-24 |
168.8 |
101.8 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
58.2 |
|
TR1957 X ND97-6W |
168.6 |
89.6 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
3.7 |
56.4 |
|
TR2040 X TR1957 |
167.6 |
99.6 |
18.6 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
55.6 |
|
LH298 X ND01-27 |
166.8 |
95.1 |
19.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
ND01-27 X LH176 |
166.8 |
99.6 |
18.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
LH298 X ND00-24 |
166.7 |
93.1 |
19.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
TR3026 X ND99-8 |
166.3 |
90.5 |
19.9 |
0.0 |
4.8 |
58.6 |
|
NP2123Bt X ND99-8 |
164.1 |
100.0 |
18.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
58.8 |
|
TR2040 X ND97-6W |
162.2 |
102.6 |
17.4 |
0.0 |
8.9 |
58.0 |
|
TR2623 X TR1017 |
161.9 |
92.5 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
1.7 |
57.7 |
|
TR1017Bt X ND97-6W |
161.9 |
96.8 |
18.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
59.5 |
|
ND99-8 X TR1017Bt |
161.7 |
88.3 |
17.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
60.0 |
|
Experiment Mean |
188.4 |
108.1 |
19.1 |
0.1 |
2.3 |
56.2 |
|
LSD (0.05) |
31.6 |
|
1.3 |
1.1 |
10.1 |
1.5 |
|
C.V. (%) |
9.0 |
|
4.2 |
870.8 |
168.0 |
1.4 |
Go to top of corn breeding study
Table 27. Early Generation Testing of Experimental Hybrids Produce with North Dakota Lines Adapted from Topical and Late Temperate Regions at
the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in 2006.
|
|
Grain |
PERF. |
Grain |
Root |
Stalk |
Dropped |
Test |
|
Hybrid |
Yield |
INDEX |
Moist |
Ldg |
Ldg |
ears |
Weight |
|
bu/A |
PI |
% |
% |
% |
% |
lb/bu |
|
|
LH176 X ND07-204 |
241.2 |
113.6 |
22.4 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
53.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-252 |
229.2 |
106.9 |
22.3 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
0.0 |
53.0 |
|
LH176 X ND01-32 |
229.2 |
133.7 |
17.7 |
0.0 |
7.2 |
0.0 |
56.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-228 |
218.8 |
111.8 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
57.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-255 |
218.7 |
116.9 |
19.5 |
5.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.5 |
|
TR3026 Bt X
TR1957 |
218.2 |
106.2 |
21.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
57.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-220 |
215.3 |
106.9 |
21.0 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
54.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-207 |
215.2 |
109.3 |
20.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.9 |
|
LH176 X ND07-246 |
215.1 |
112.0 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-235 |
214.4 |
103.7 |
21.4 |
0.0 |
4.8 |
0.0 |
54.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-260 |
214.0 |
110.4 |
20.1 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
ND07-210 X LH176 |
213.8 |
108.8 |
20.5 |
1.4 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
55.0 |
|
LH176 X ND07-236 |
213.0 |
106.7 |
20.8 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
LH176 X ND07-256 |
211.6 |
113.7 |
19.4 |
0.0 |
7.1 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-210 |
210.7 |
103.1 |
21.3 |
0.0 |
2.0 |
0.0 |
55.0 |
|
Pioneer 39D82 |
210.1 |
113.1 |
19.2 |
0.0 |
4.0 |
0.0 |
54.5 |
|
LH176 X ND07-209 |
209.1 |
106.2 |
20.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.8 |
|
ND07-226 X LH176 |
206.9 |
104.3 |
20.8 |
0.0 |
10.6 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-234 |
205.5 |
97.8 |
22.0 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
0.0 |
54.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-248 |
204.8 |
101.1 |
21.3 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
0.0 |
54.1 |
|
ND07-207 X LH176 |
204.0 |
105.2 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-250 |
203.8 |
104.1 |
20.3 |
2.5 |
5.4 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-244 |
203.7 |
95.8 |
22.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
52.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-226 |
203.1 |
102.8 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.1 |
|
ND07-245 X LH176 |
202.3 |
110.0 |
19.3 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
57.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-258 |
201.9 |
98.3 |
21.5 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
55.3 |
|
ND07-247 X LH176 |
201.7 |
108.1 |
19.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-225 |
201.2 |
98.5 |
21.4 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-205 |
201.2 |
102.0 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-241 |
199.2 |
92.3 |
22.6 |
0.0 |
10.3 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-245 |
198.5 |
99.7 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
7.8 |
0.0 |
56.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-218 |
198.4 |
100.8 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
56.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-249 |
198.1 |
103.0 |
20.2 |
0.0 |
3.8 |
0.0 |
55.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-208 |
197.8 |
102.3 |
20.4 |
0.0 |
3.2 |
0.0 |
54.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-221 |
197.7 |
100.5 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-247 |
197.6 |
100.2 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
6.2 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-222 |
197.4 |
102.6 |
20.1 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.3 |
|
ND07-216 X LH176 |
197.2 |
104.1 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-219 |
197.2 |
95.4 |
21.5 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
53.9 |
|
LH176 X ND07-239 |
196.9 |
101.8 |
20.2 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
54.3 |
|
ND07-248 X LH176 |
196.9 |
98.6 |
20.9 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
0.0 |
55.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-214 |
196.7 |
100.3 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
7.1 |
0.0 |
55.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-229 |
195.9 |
93.5 |
21.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
53.0 |
|
TR2040 X TR1957 |
195.3 |
103.7 |
19.7 |
0.0 |
1.0 |
0.0 |
56.5 |
|
LH176 X ND07-257 |
193.4 |
99.3 |
20.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
53.8 |
|
LH176 X ND07-202 |
192.3 |
97.2 |
20.9 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-243 |
192.1 |
90.0 |
22.4 |
0.0 |
6.6 |
0.0 |
55.0 |
|
LH176 X ND07-237 |
191.5 |
102.1 |
19.7 |
0.0 |
2.3 |
0.0 |
55.5 |
|
TR3621Bt X
TR3273 |
191.3 |
99.0 |
20.4 |
0.0 |
2.8 |
0.0 |
58.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-217 |
191.0 |
98.6 |
20.4 |
0.0 |
4.3 |
0.0 |
55.7 |
|
LH176 X ND07-215 |
191.0 |
93.7 |
21.2 |
0.0 |
4.9 |
0.0 |
55.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-254 |
190.8 |
95.2 |
21.0 |
3.6 |
1.8 |
0.0 |
55.5 |
|
LH176 X ND07-232 |
190.4 |
93.4 |
21.3 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.7 |
|
LH176 X ND07-224 |
189.3 |
96.9 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
2.7 |
0.0 |
55.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-233 |
189.3 |
93.5 |
21.1 |
0.0 |
4.2 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-251 |
188.8 |
87.3 |
22.4 |
0.0 |
6.5 |
0.0 |
54.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-223 |
188.8 |
96.5 |
20.4 |
0.0 |
6.8 |
0.0 |
55.7 |
|
ND07-217 X LH176 |
188.5 |
100.4 |
19.7 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.7 |
|
LH176 X ND07-206 |
188.4 |
96.0 |
20.5 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
55.3 |
|
LH176 X ND07-216 |
187.8 |
93.0 |
21.1 |
0.0 |
1.4 |
0.0 |
54.7 |
|
LH176 X ND07-203 |
186.5 |
107.0 |
18.1 |
0.0 |
6.0 |
0.0 |
55.7 |
|
LH176 X ND07-201 |
186.2 |
93.7 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
6.3 |
0.0 |
55.4 |
|
LH176 X ND07-259 |
186.0 |
94.8 |
20.4 |
0.0 |
11.1 |
0.0 |
54.7 |
|
ND07-219 X LH176 |
183.6 |
90.0 |
21.5 |
0.0 |
2.9 |
0.0 |
54.0 |
|
LH176 X ND07-213 |
183.0 |
94.4 |
20.3 |
0.0 |
1.5 |
0.0 |
55.9 |
|
ND07-214 X LH176 |
182.7 |
93.6 |
20.6 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
54.1 |
|
LH176 X ND07-240 |
182.6 |
95.8 |
19.9 |
1.6 |
1.6 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
LH176 X ND07-230 |
182.2 |
86.7 |
22.0 |
0.0 |
7.3 |
0.0 |
54.5 |
|
LH176 X ND07-242 |
182.1 |
95.6 |
20.0 |
0.0 |
5.4 |
0.0 |
57.2 |
|
LH176 X ND07-212 |
182.0 |
96.0 |
19.8 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
57.0 |
|
LH176 X ND07-231 |
181.2 |
93.7 |
20.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
60.0 |
|
ND07-234 X LH176 |
179.3 |
83.7 |
22.5 |
0.0 |
4.4 |
0.0 |
52.9 |
|
LH176 X ND07-238 |
176.7 |
86.6 |
21.2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
56.8 |
|
LH176 X ND07-253 |
175.7 |
87.1 |
21.0 |
0.0 |
2.6 |
0.0 |
55.6 |
|
ND07-220 X LH176 |
175.3 |
86.2 |
21.5 |
0.0 |
11.7 |
0.0 |
54.2 |
|
Experiment Mean |
198.2 |
100.4 |
20.7 |
0.2 |
3.0 |
0.0 |
55.2 |
|
LSD (0.05) |
27.3 |
|
1.1 |
2.9 |
6.3 |
0.0 |
1.1 |
|
C.V. (%) |
9.0 |
|
3.6 |
641.3 |
144.4 |
0.0 |
1.8 |
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