Oakes Irrigation
Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State
University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX:
(701)
742-2700, E-mail: Leonard.Besemann@ndsu.edu
ONION HYBRID PERFORMANCE
TRIAL
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Heidi Eslinger
Table 38. Early stand, maturity, and quality of onions in the onion performance trial
Table 39. Yield and total onions in the onion hybrid performance trial
Onions grow well in North Dakota. Growers are producing mostly yellow sweet Spanish onions and some storage onions. This study evaluated 38 onion hybrids.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
|
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam; pH=7.5; 2.3% organic
matter; soil-P and soil-K was very high; soil-S was low. |
|
Previous crops: |
2004 - forage sorghum; 2003 - carrot;
2002 - potato. |
|
Seedbed preparation: |
Chisel plow on April 14. Disked April 15.
Multiweeded (field cultivated) three times; once on April 15 to smooth
the seedbed and twice on April 15 to incorporate fertilizer and
herbicide. |
|
Planting: |
Direct seeded onions (196,000 seeds/acre)
and a barley cover crop (0.45 bu/acre, between and parallel to the
onion
rows) on April 15 with a Monosem precision planter. Planted onions with
2 lines per row, 2.5 inches between lines,
with the rows on 18-inch centers. |
|
Plots: |
Plots were 3 ft (two rows) wide by 17 ft
long. The study had 4 reps. |
|
Fertilizer: |
On April 15, broadcast 26 lbs N/acre and
30 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Applied 50 lbs N/acre on Apr 15 and 60 lbs
N/acre on June 8 as 28-0-0. Fertigate 40 lbs N/acre on June 18 and 50
lbs N/acre on July 7 as 28-0-0. |
|
Irrigation: |
Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed. |
|
Pest control: |
Weeds were controlled with: Prowl (1.5
pt/acre on June 15 and July 6); Goal 2EC + Buctril (0.5 + 1.5 pt/acre
on
June 9 and June 16); Dacthal (10 lbs/acre on April 28); Dithane (2
lbs/acre on July 20 and August 3), Fusilade +
NIS (12 oz/acre + 0.5% v/v on May 26), Reason (5.5 oz/acre on July 27),
and hand weeding. No insect control
needed. |
|
Harvest: |
Pulled onions approximately 2 weeks after half-down date, all onions not half down were pulled on Sep 27. Onions were allowed to field dry until Oct 3 and Oct 4 when they were bagged and moved to a shed. Onions were graded Nov 9 to Nov 16. |
Onion stands varied considerably in stand and yield. Much of the poor performance was attributed to several frosts and hard freezes which occurred between germination (April 28) and emergence (May 3) for many onions. Low temperatures ranged from 19 F to 27 F seven times from April 27 to May 4 with the last frost (31 F) on May 15.
XP 07715313 had the highest total yield and the highest yield of the 3 to 4 inch onions. XP 07715819 had the greatest yield of onions greater than 4 inches in diameter, while Milestone had the greatest yield of the 2ΒΌ to 3 inch onions. XP 07714813, Tesoro, XP 07715819 and SX7004ON looked the best. Festival was the sweetest on the Brix scale.
Go to top of onion hybrid performance trial
Table 38. Early stand, maturity, and quality of onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 onion performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand |
Days to half-down2 |
Single centers |
Uniformity |
Overall score |
Brix score3 |
|
|
1000s plt/acre |
|
% |
1 to 5 |
1 to 10 |
|
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Alpine |
AT |
47.8 |
137 |
50 |
3.0 |
1.0 |
7.6 |
|
BG 183 |
BE |
44.4 |
138 |
36 |
3.4 |
7.0 |
10.0 |
|
Braddock |
BE |
56.6 |
149 |
16 |
3.4 |
7.0 |
12.0 |
|
Brite Knight |
RI |
38.2 |
157 |
16 |
3.5 |
7.0 |
12.1 |
|
Calisto |
BE |
34.2 |
149 |
20 |
3.4 |
7.6 |
9.9 |
|
Camray |
BE |
35.9 |
146 |
26 |
3.4 |
7.9 |
10.6 |
|
Citation |
SM |
53.6 |
146 |
36 |
3.8 |
8.1 |
11.6 |
|
Expression |
BE |
40.8 |
na |
20 |
3.1 |
4.5 |
10.8 |
|
Festival |
BE |
62.6 |
147 |
50 |
3.5 |
7.9 |
13.5 |
|
Flamenco |
NU |
39.9 |
152 |
70 |
3.2 |
7.1 |
9.9 |
|
Frontier |
AT |
47.8 |
146 |
26 |
3.0 |
6.0 |
11.9 |
|
Granero |
NU |
51.9 |
149 |
46 |
3.8 |
8.5 |
10.6 |
|
Highlander |
AT |
56.4 |
140 |
46 |
2.5 |
2.8 |
9.1 |
|
Infinity |
KW4 |
51.5 |
146 |
30 |
3.8 |
8.4 |
11.2 |
|
King George |
RI |
49.3 |
163 |
26 |
3.5 |
6.8 |
10.2 |
|
Mars |
SC4 |
48.7 |
148 |
40 |
3.4 |
7.6 |
9.1 |
|
Mercury |
KW4 |
35.4 |
154 |
10 |
3.1 |
7.1 |
10.9 |
|
Milestone |
AT |
61.7 |
142 |
46 |
3.5 |
7.8 |
11.8 |
|
Montero |
NU |
57.4 |
147 |
60 |
3.6 |
8.4 |
9.1 |
|
Nebula |
NU |
44.6 |
145 |
70 |
3.5 |
8.0 |
11.7 |
|
NIZ 37-48 |
VL |
73.5 |
145 |
16 |
3.0 |
5.2 |
11.3 |
|
Ranchero |
NU |
50.2 |
149 |
46 |
4.1 |
8.6 |
8.8 |
|
Red Fortress |
RI |
42.9 |
na |
26 |
3.1 |
4.5 |
10.9 |
|
Safrane |
BE |
46.3 |
148 |
20 |
3.2 |
7.8 |
11.3 |
|
Sherman |
BE |
57.9 |
147 |
30 |
3.4 |
7.5 |
11.1 |
|
SR7008ON |
NU |
56.2 |
155 |
80 |
4.0 |
8.5 |
10.4 |
|
SX7004ON |
NU |
72.6 |
157 |
50 |
4.0 |
8.9 |
9.6 |
|
SX7200ON |
NU |
40.6 |
156 |
56 |
3.8 |
7.9 |
10.8 |
|
Tahoe |
BE |
38.0 |
141 |
56 |
3.4 |
7.1 |
11.6 |
|
Talon |
BE |
51.5 |
147 |
56 |
3.6 |
8.1 |
12.1 |
|
Tenshin |
SC4 |
38.2 |
143 |
56 |
3.1 |
6.8 |
10.9 |
|
Tesoro |
NU |
63.0 |
147 |
26 |
4.0 |
9.0 |
11.7 |
|
Tioga |
SM |
63.0 |
147 |
36 |
3.8 |
8.4 |
10.2 |
|
Vaquero |
NU |
69.0 |
150 |
60 |
3.9 |
8.6 |
10.2 |
|
Varsity |
SC4 |
48.5 |
146 |
36 |
3.8 |
8.1 |
13.0 |
|
XON0104 |
SK |
58.3 |
152 |
36 |
3.1 |
6.6 |
9.2 |
|
XP 07715819 |
SM |
61.7 |
151 |
56 |
4.0 |
8.9 |
10.1 |
|
XP 07715813 |
SM |
73.5 |
148 |
96 |
4.1 |
9.1 |
11.1 |
|
|
|||||||
|
LSD (P=.05) |
17.9 |
6.38 |
1.47 |
0.57 |
1.046 |
1.8 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Days from planting to when half the onion tops had fallen over. This is an indication of maturity.
3Brix score measures soluble solids and usually related to sweetness - higher equals sweeter
4This seed was furnished by Norman Haak.
Go to top of onion hybrid performance trial
Table 39. Yield and total onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 onion hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source 1 |
Onion yield (by bulb size) |
Double weight |
Cull weight |
Total bulbs |
|||||
|
> 4 |
3 1/2 to 4 |
3 to 3 1/2 |
2 1/4 to 3 |
<2 1/4 |
Total |
|||||
|
|
---------------------------------------------cwt/acre------------------------------------------------------- |
1000s/A |
||||||||
|
|
||||||||||
|
Alpine |
AT |
0.0 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
1.9 |
2.4 |
4.3 |
0.0 |
5.9 |
29.0 |
|
BG 183 |
BE |
0.0 |
9.4 |
23.2 |
25.1 |
8.9 |
66.5 |
0.0 |
18.3 |
40.6 |
|
Braddock |
BE |
0.0 |
45.1 |
42.4 |
38.5 |
9.9 |
135.9 |
10.7 |
44.3 |
47.6 |
|
Brite Knight |
RI |
31.9 |
59.9 |
60.1 |
14.6 |
1.0 |
167.5 |
13.9 |
45.4 |
36.1 |
|
Calisto |
BE |
15.5 |
52.4 |
39.0 |
15.4 |
4.3 |
126.7 |
2.2 |
20.8 |
29.7 |
|
Camray |
BE |
13.7 |
68.7 |
38.7 |
22.2 |
2.5 |
145.8 |
0.0 |
24.8 |
33.7 |
|
Citation |
SM |
4.6 |
51.1 |
90.9 |
66.2 |
10.2 |
223.0 |
1.5 |
5.1 |
55.3 |
|
Expression |
BE |
0.0 |
3.3 |
12.2 |
23.4 |
12.1 |
51.0 |
12.8 |
57.9 |
41.6 |
|
Festival |
BE |
9.5 |
44.0 |
81.5 |
51.9 |
8.0 |
195.0 |
0.8 |
46.6 |
49.5 |
|
Flamenco |
NU |
0.0 |
7.5 |
19.9 |
43.5 |
11.3 |
82.2 |
0.0 |
22.6 |
35.2 |
|
Frontier |
AT |
2.4 |
1.8 |
7.7 |
31.1 |
14.4 |
57.4 |
0.0 |
14.2 |
45.1 |
|
Granero |
NU |
38.3 |
99.1 |
68.0 |
31.0 |
5.5 |
241.9 |
4.1 |
20.8 |
45.7 |
|
Highlander |
AT |
0.0 |
0.0 |
2.2 |
4.0 |
4.5 |
10.7 |
1.0 |
15.5 |
39.9 |
|
Infinity |
KW2 |
11.1 |
92.3 |
102.4 |
42.2 |
7.7 |
255.5 |
0.0 |
21.4 |
53.0 |
|
King George |
RI |
37.1 |
71.5 |
54.8 |
18.8 |
3.3 |
185.6 |
21.1 |
70.8 |
45.5 |
|
Mars |
SC2 |
11.6 |
34.1 |
71.4 |
29.6 |
4.4 |
151.2 |
1.9 |
24.6 |
38.4 |
|
Mercury |
KW2 |
10.9 |
31.3 |
28.9 |
16.2 |
3.1 |
90.4 |
4.7 |
12.6 |
22.8 |
|
Milestone |
AT |
0.0 |
8.6 |
57.7 |
70.9 |
13.7 |
150.9 |
0.0 |
14.7 |
55.1 |
|
Montero |
NU |
35.4 |
76.3 |
60.3 |
22.7 |
11.6 |
206.4 |
0.0 |
24.0 |
47.4 |
|
Nebula |
NU |
6.9 |
46.9 |
107.4 |
48.3 |
2.7 |
212.2 |
0.8 |
14.9 |
45.3 |
|
NIV 37-48 |
VL |
0.0 |
0.0 |
13.8 |
59.9 |
12.6 |
86.3 |
0.8 |
19.8 |
57.9 |
|
Ranchero |
NU |
136.2 |
100.1 |
86.0 |
27.7 |
1.1 |
351.1 |
0.0 |
32.6 |
50.6 |
|
Red Fortress |
RI |
34.2 |
46.3 |
37.9 |
10.3 |
2.2 |
130.9 |
58.8 |
101.6 |
42.5 |
|
Safrane |
BE |
4.8 |
39.6 |
51.8 |
40.2 |
11.1 |
147.4 |
4.7 |
21.5 |
45.1 |
|
Sherman |
BE |
7.4 |
58.0 |
57.6 |
28.3 |
9.0 |
160.3 |
6.6 |
27.1 |
52.7 |
|
SR7008ON |
NU |
123.2 |
128.8 |
88.4 |
26.8 |
2.9 |
370.1 |
0.0 |
33.3 |
54.2 |
|
SX7004ON |
NU |
127.8 |
128.7 |
58.4 |
36.4 |
7.2 |
358.6 |
1.9 |
32.7 |
67.7 |
|
SX7200ON |
NU |
10.4 |
63.3 |
58.8 |
23.1 |
4.8 |
160.4 |
1.0 |
15.5 |
34.4 |
|
Tahoe |
BE |
0.0 |
7.5 |
24.7 |
43.2 |
7.9 |
83.3 |
0.0 |
14.2 |
33.1 |
|
Talon |
BE |
2.5 |
38.7 |
61.5 |
49.8 |
11.0 |
163.6 |
1.2 |
14.5 |
43.6 |
|
Tenshin |
SC2 |
0.0 |
0.0 |
27.9 |
57.0 |
13.6 |
98.5 |
0.0 |
9.4 |
39.9 |
|
Tesoro |
NU |
17.6 |
138.0 |
131.8 |
65.9 |
8.8 |
362.1 |
0.0 |
13.9 |
65.3 |
|
Tioga |
SM |
54.4 |
126.3 |
75.6 |
31.2 |
8.3 |
295.8 |
5.4 |
25.5 |
57.4 |
|
Vaquero |
NU |
59.3 |
142.4 |
117.3 |
51.4 |
7.1 |
377.5 |
1.3 |
17.7 |
66.2 |
|
Varsity |
SC2 |
43.0 |
124.5 |
84.9 |
38.2 |
5.8 |
296.4 |
2.0 |
14.6 |
57.4 |
|
XON0104 |
SK |
8.4 |
38.0 |
24.4 |
16.8 |
10.6 |
98.2 |
4.3 |
38.2 |
48.5 |
|
XP 07715819 |
SM |
138.3 |
118.0 |
94.5 |
40.9 |
2.3 |
393.9 |
4.1 |
38.5 |
59.6 |
|
XP 07715813 |
SM |
35.4 |
150.5 |
143.9 |
61.0 |
7.9 |
398.7 |
1.9 |
8.4 |
69.8 |
|
|
||||||||||
|
LSD (P=.05) |
25.98 |
42.27 |
39.94 |
22.3 |
6.37 |
82.79 |
7.87 |
21.65 |
16.8 |
|
2Seed donated Norman Haak
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performance trial
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