Oakes Irrigation
Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State
University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX:
(701)
742-2700, E-mail: Leonard.Besemann@ndsu.net
CABBAGE HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Heidi Eslinger
Results summary
Table
6. Early stand, days to harvest, yield,
head size, and overall quality score for bare-root transplanted
cabbage, harvested early
(for fresh market).
Table 7. Early stand, days to harvest, yield,
head size, and overall quality score for direct seeded cabbage,
harvested early (for fresh
market)
Cabbage grows well in the cool climate of North Dakota, but production is limited due to market uncertainty and lack of information on available hybrids. We evaluated the suitability of 9 cabbage hybrids for both the fresh and slaw markets. These 9 hybrids were evaluated using three planting methods: direct seeded, plug transplants and bare-root transplants.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
|
Soil: |
Gardena loam and Embden loam; pH=6.9; 2.8% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was low. |
|
Previous crops: |
2004 - field corn; 2003 - sweet corn; 2002 - pumpkin. |
|
Seedbed preparation: |
Chisel plow on April 14. Disked on April 19. Multiweeded (field cultivated) twice on April 21 to incorporate fertilizer and herbicide. |
|
Planting: |
Direct seeded cabbage and a barley cover crop (0.45 bu/acre) on April 22 with a Monosem precision planter. Cabbage seeds were placed 1/2 to 3/4 inches deep into a flat, fine seedbed and were spaced 7 1/16 inches apart in 21-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to 14 inches apart (about 25,000 plants/acre). A row of barley was planted between and parallel to the cabbage rows. Transplants were started in the greenhouse on April 5 and 6 and transplanted on May 18 in 21-inch rows with a 12-inch in-row spacing. |
|
Plots: |
Main plots were 34 ft long by one row (21 inches) wide. Each main plot was divided into two 17-ft long sections. The study had 4 reps. |
|
Fertilizer: |
On April 15, broadcast 26 lbs N/acre and 30 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Fertigate 40 lbs N/acre on June 18 and 50 lbs N/acre on July 7 as 28-0-0. |
|
Irrigation: |
Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed |
|
Pest Control: |
Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1 pt/acre applied preplant incorporated on April 21), Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 0.5% v/v on June 8, which also killed the barley cover crop) and by hand weeding. Sprayed Sevin XLR (1 qt/acre on June 8 and June 16) to control flea beetle. Asana (8 oz/acre on July 1 and August 18), DiPel (1 lb/acre on July 6, July 14, July 20, July 27 and August 10) and Warrior (2.5 oz/acre on August 3) controlled cabbage looper and cabbage worm. |
|
Harvest: |
One section of each main plot was hand harvested when heads were firm and of marketable size (early harvest for fresh market). The other section was harvested about two weeks later (late harvest for slaw market). Cabbage head characteristics were measured on representative cabbage heads selected at each harvest from each plot. |
Direct-seeded cabbage: For the fresh market, Artost, Bronco and Trigger looked the best while Cheers, Field Star and Matsumo had the greatest yields. For the slaw market, Artost, Cheers and Trigger looked the best, Cheers had the best yield.
Transplanted cabbage: For the fresh market, Artost, Bronco and Trigger looked the best, and Cheers, Field Star and Trigger had the highest yields. For the slaw market, Artost, Bronco and Cheers looked the best and Cheers had the highest yields. Transplanted cabbage generally was earlier maturing and better quality than direct-seeded cabbage and plug transplants were generally better than bare root transplants.
Go to top of cabbage hybrid performance trial
Table 6. Early stand, days to harvest, yield, head size, and overall quality score for bare-root transplanted cabbage, harvested early (for fresh market) in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand |
Days to harvest |
Harvest spread2 |
Number of heads |
Head Yield |
size |
Overall score |
|
|
1000s/acre |
---------- days -------- |
1000s/acre |
tons/acre |
lbs/head |
1 to 10 |
||
|
|
||||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
22.7 |
89 |
18 |
21.2 |
27.1 |
2.6 |
7.9 |
|
Bronco |
BE |
23.8 |
100 |
29 |
21.6 |
26.4 |
2.4 |
7.9 |
|
Cambria |
BE |
22.7 |
95 |
12 |
19.0 |
24.8 |
2.6 |
7.3 |
|
Cheers |
AT |
24.2 |
103 |
25 |
22.7 |
37.4 |
3.3 |
7.7 |
|
Field Star |
BE |
23.4 |
100 |
26 |
22.7 |
30.0 |
2.7 |
7.1 |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
19.8 |
107 |
31 |
17.9 |
22.4 |
2.5 |
6.9 |
|
General |
BE |
23.1 |
83 |
18 |
20.5 |
21.5 |
2.1 |
7.0 |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
24.5 |
101 |
29 |
23.4 |
31.7 |
2.7 |
7.7 |
|
Trigger |
BE |
23.4 |
99 |
27 |
23.4 |
33.7 |
2.9 |
8.1 |
|
|
||||||||
|
Probability |
0.11 |
<0.0001 |
0.004 |
0.04 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
-- |
4 |
9 |
3.6 |
4.9 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
|
|
C. V. (%) |
9 |
3 |
27 |
12 |
12 |
8 |
3 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Harvest spread = days between first head ready to harvest until last head in plot ready to harvest.
Table 7. Early stand, days to harvest, yield, head size, and overall quality score for direct seeded cabbage, harvested early (for fresh market) in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand2 |
Days to harvest |
Harvest spread3 |
Number of heads |
Head Yield |
size |
Overall score |
|
|
1000s/acre |
----------- days ----------- |
1000s/acre |
tons/acre |
lbs/head |
1 to 10 |
||
|
|
||||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
27.1 |
110 a4 |
24 abc |
22.0 |
26.0 def |
2.4 cd |
7.8 ab |
|
Bronco |
BE |
30.4 |
130 d |
37 de |
23.1 |
24.4 ef |
2.1 d |
7.7 ab |
|
Cambria |
BE |
27.5 |
117 b |
16 a |
20.9 |
24.2 ef |
2.3 d |
7.1 cd |
|
Cheers |
AT |
32.2 |
129 d |
34 cde |
24.2 |
37.3 a |
3.1 a |
7.6 b |
|
Field Star |
BE |
28.9 |
124 c |
29 b-e |
20.9 |
32.5 abc |
3.1 a |
7.2 cd |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
27.1 |
130 d |
37 e |
21.6 |
28.7 cde |
2.7 bc |
6.9 de |
|
General |
BE |
28.5 |
105 a |
22 ab |
20.1 |
22.0 f |
2.2 d |
6.7 e |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
33.3 |
124 c |
25 abc |
23.1 |
34.3 ab |
3.0 ab |
7.5 bc |
|
Trigger |
BE |
28.9 |
124 c |
27 bcd |
21.6 |
30.6 bcd |
2.9 ab |
8.0 a |
|
|
||||||||
|
Probability |
0.29 |
<0.0001 |
0.0026 |
0.8 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
C. V. (%) |
13 |
3 |
25 |
16 |
12 |
9 |
4 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Stand before thinning.
3Harvest spread = days between first head ready to harvest until last head in plot ready to harvest.
4Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant
differences between values in columns without letters.
Table 8. Early stand,
days to harvest, yield,
head size, and overall quality score for plug transplanted cabbage,
harvested early (for fresh market) in the Oakes Irrigation Research
Site 2005 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
|
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand |
Days to harvest |
Harvest spread2 |
Number of heads |
Head Yield |
Size |
Overall score |
|
1000s/acre |
---------- days -------- |
1000s/acre |
tons/acre |
lbs/head |
1 to 10 |
||
|
|
||||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
25.3 |
81 |
17 |
24.5 |
30.2 |
2.5 |
7.9 |
|
Bronco |
BE |
24.9 |
96 |
21 |
23.4 |
32.3 |
2.8 |
8.1 |
|
Cambria |
BE |
24.5 |
84 |
17 |
22.0 |
26.1 |
2.4 |
7.3 |
|
Cheers |
AT |
24.5 |
100 |
23 |
23.4 |
41.4 |
3.5 |
7.7 |
|
Field Star |
BE |
24.2 |
98 |
15 |
23.4 |
37.0 |
3.2 |
7.3 |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
24.9 |
105 |
31 |
22.3 |
29.6 |
2.7 |
7.2 |
|
General |
BE |
25.3 |
76 |
22 |
24.2 |
26.9 |
2.2 |
6.9 |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
25.3 |
100 |
17 |
23.4 |
32.2 |
2.8 |
7.6 |
|
Trigger |
BE |
24.9 |
96 |
10 |
22.3 |
35.3 |
3.2 |
8.6 |
|
|
||||||||
|
Probability |
0.46 |
<0.0001 |
0.0004 |
0.48 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
-- |
4 |
7 |
2.6 |
4.7 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
|
|
C. V. (%) |
3 |
3 |
27 |
8 |
10 |
8 |
3 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Harvest spread = days between first head ready to harvest until last head in plot ready to harvest.
Go to top of cabbage hybrid
performance trial
Table
9. Effects of planting method on early stand, days to harvest, yield,
quality, and head shape and size of early (fresh market)
cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 cabbage hybrid
performance trial. Results averaged over hybrids.
Hybrid |
Early stand1 |
Days to harvest |
Harvest spread2 |
Number of heads |
Head Yield |
size |
Overall score |
|
|
1000s/acre |
------------ days ---------- |
1000s/acre |
tons/acre |
lbs/head |
1 to 10 |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Bare-root transplant |
23.1 b |
98 b |
24 ab |
21.4 b |
28.3 b |
2.6 b |
7.5 ab |
|
Direct seeded |
29.3 a |
121 c |
28 b |
21.9 b |
28.9 b |
2.6 b |
7.4 b |
|
Plug transplant |
24.9 b |
93 a |
19 a |
23.2 a |
32.3 a |
2.8 a |
7.6 a |
|
|
|||||||
|
Probability |
0.002 |
<0.0001 |
0.048 |
0.0006 |
0.003 |
0.024 |
0.046 |
|
C. V. (%) |
10 |
3 |
26 |
12 |
11 |
9 |
3 |
|
Probability of interaction |
0.49 |
0.02 |
0.015 |
0.63 |
0.2 |
0.006 |
0.36 |
1Stand before thinning direct-seeded cabbage. Bare-root and plug transplanted cabbage were not thinned.
2Harvest
spread = days between first head ready to harvest until last head in
plot ready to harvest.
Go to top of cabbage hybrid
performance trial
Table 10. Head
characteristics of fresh market cabbage in the Oakes
Irrigation Research Site 2005 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Head shape2 |
Head density3 |
Head width |
Head height |
Inside color4 |
Outside color5 |
Core length |
Core width |
|
|
-------- 1 to 5 -------- |
-------- inches -------- |
1 to 5 |
2 to 4 |
------- inches ------- |
||||
|
|
|||||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
3.1 b6 |
4.1 c |
5.7 ef |
5.8 b |
2.0 a |
2.8 c |
2.9 c |
1.1 bc |
|
Bronco |
BE |
3.6 a |
4.8 a |
5.4 g |
6.1 a |
1.9 a |
2.9 ab |
3.3 b |
1.2 a |
|
Cambria |
BE |
3.2 b |
3.5 e |
5.9 d |
6.2 a |
2.0 a |
2.9 ab |
3.6 a |
1.0 e |
|
Cheers |
AT |
2.8 c |
3.9 d |
6.6 b |
6.2 a |
2.0 a |
2.9 a |
3.5 a |
1.1 b |
|
Field Star |
BE |
1.9 e |
3.5 e |
7.0 a |
5.1 d |
2.0 a |
2.9 bc |
2.7 d |
1.1 d |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
2.0 e |
3.4 e |
6.7 b |
5.0 d |
2.0 a |
2.9 ab |
2.5 e |
1.1 c |
|
General |
BE |
3.2 b |
2.8 f |
5.6 fg |
5.8 b |
2.0 a |
2.7 d |
2.9 cd |
1.0 de |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
2.5 d |
4.3 b |
6.2 c |
5.3 c |
1.6 b |
2.9 abc |
2.4 e |
1.0 de |
|
Trigger |
BE |
3.2 b |
4.7 a |
5.9 de |
6.1 a |
2.0 a |
2.9 ab |
3.0 c |
1.2 a |
|
|
|||||||||
|
Probability |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
Planting method |
|
||||||||
|
Bare-root transplant |
2.8 |
3.9 a |
6.1 |
5.8 |
1.9 |
2.9 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
|
|
Direct seeded |
2.8 |
3.8 b |
6.2 |
5.8 |
1.9 |
2.8 |
3.0 |
1.1 |
|
|
Plug transplant |
2.8 |
4.0 a |
6.1 |
5.7 |
1.9 |
2.9 |
2.9 |
1.1 |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
Probability |
0.97 |
0.0105 |
0.15 |
0.40 |
0.42 |
0.30 |
0.40 |
0.47 |
|
|
Interaction probability |
0.36 |
0.20 |
0.24 |
0.34 |
0.08 |
0.20 |
0.29 |
0.85 |
|
|
C. V. (%) |
4 |
6 |
5 |
3 |
3 |
4 |
7 |
4 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.
3Visual estimate of head density: 1 is low, 5 is high.
4Inside head color: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green; 3 to 5 is light to dark green.
5Outside head color: 2 to 4 is light to dark green.
6Values
in the same section and column followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant
differences
between values in columns without letters.
Table 11. Early stand,
days to harvest, yield, quality, and head size for
late harvested (slaw market) cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research
Site 2005 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand |
Days to harvest |
Number of heads |
Head Yield |
size |
Overall score |
|
|
1000s/acre |
days |
1000s/acre |
tons/acre |
lbs/head |
1 to 10 |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
25.7 |
108 b2 |
22.6 ab |
39.6 b |
3.5 bc |
8.1 a |
|
Bronco |
BE |
25.1 |
123 e |
20.9 b-e |
31.8 c |
3.1 de |
8.0 a |
|
Cambria |
BE |
24.6 |
115 c |
19.5 e |
31.4 c |
3.2 cd |
7.5 bc |
|
Cheers |
AT |
24.6 |
123 e |
22.3 abc |
45.3 a |
4.1 a |
8.1 a |
|
Field Star |
BE |
25.6 |
121 de |
21.5 bcd |
38.0 b |
3.5 bc |
7.5 bc |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
24.0 |
131 f |
20.4 de |
33.6 c |
3.3 cd |
7.4 bc |
|
General |
BE |
24.6 |
102 a |
23.4 a |
33.5 c |
2.9 e |
7.3 c |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
25.6 |
122 de |
21.6 bcd |
38.3 b |
3.5 bc |
7.4 c |
|
Trigger |
BE |
23.8 |
120 d |
20.6 cde |
38.5 b |
3.7 ab |
7.8 ab |
|
|
|||||||
|
Probability |
|
0.92 |
<0.0001 |
0.0005 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.0004 |
|
|
|||||||
|
Planting method |
|||||||
|
Bare-root transplant |
22.5 b |
112 b |
20.9 |
35.4 b |
3.4 |
7.8 |
|
|
Direct seeded |
27.7 a |
136 c |
20.7 |
34.2 b |
3.3 |
7.5 |
|
|
Plug transplant |
24.4 b |
107 a |
22.6 |
40.4 a |
3.6 |
7.7 |
|
|
|
|||||||
|
Probability |
0.006 |
<0.0001 |
0.09 |
0.005 |
0.13 |
0.24 |
|
|
Interaction probability |
0.97 |
0.0013 |
0.9 |
0.07 |
0.11 |
0.81 |
|
|
C.V. (%) |
15 |
3 |
10 |
12 |
12 |
7 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Values
in the same section and column followed by the same letter are not
significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant
differences
between values in columns without letters.
Table
12. Cabbage head characteristics for late harvest (slaw market) cabbage
in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2005 cabbage
hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Head shape2 |
Head density3 |
Head width |
Head height |
Inside color4 |
Outside color5 |
Core length |
Core width |
|
|
------- 1 to 5 ------ |
------ inches ------- |
1 to 5 |
2 to 4 |
------ inches ----- |
||||
|
|
|||||||||
|
Artost |
BE |
3.1 |
5.0 |
6.7 |
6.9 |
1.9 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
1.13 |
|
Bronco |
BE |
3.4 |
5.0 |
6.1 |
6.6 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
1.25 |
|
Cambria |
BE |
3.1 |
4.4 |
6.6 |
6.8 |
1.9 |
3.0 |
3.7 |
1.05 |
|
Cheers |
AT |
2.6 |
4.6 |
7.4 |
6.6 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
3.8 |
1.14 |
|
Field Star |
BE |
1.9 |
4.3 |
7.7 |
5.5 |
1.8 |
2.9 |
2.8 |
1.11 |
|
Field Glory |
BE |
1.9 |
4.2 |
7.2 |
5.2 |
1.4 |
2.8 |
2.3 |
1.12 |
|
General |
BE |
3.0 |
3.9 |
6.3 |
6.3 |
1.9 |
3.0 |
3.3 |
1.04 |
|
Matsumo |
BE |
2.3 |
4.9 |
7.3 |
6.0 |
1.4 |
3.0 |
2.7 |
1.18 |
|
Trigger |
BE |
2.9 |
4.9 |
6.8 |
6.6 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
3.0 |
1.25 |
|
|
|||||||||
|
Probability |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
0.0004 |
<0.0001 |
<0.0001 |
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
0.2 |
0.3 |
0.4 |
0.3 |
0.3 |
0.1 |
0.3 |
0.06 |
|
|
Planting method |
|||||||||
|
Bare-root transplant |
2.7 |
4.6 |
6.9 |
6.3 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
3.1 |
1.16 |
|
|
Direct seeded |
2.7 |
4.4 |
6.8 |
6.2 |
1.8 |
3.0 |
3.2 |
1.11 |
|
|
Plug transplant |
2.7 |
4.7 |
7.0 |
6.3 |
1.8 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
1.15 |
|
|
|
|||||||||
|
Probability |
0.38 |
0.048 |
0.27 |
0.32 |
0.97 |
0.016 |
0.64 |
0.02 |
|
|
LSD (0.05) |
-- |
0.2 |
-- |
-- |
-- |
0.1 |
-- |
0.04 |
|
|
Interaction probability |
0.66 |
0.52 |
0.35 |
0.52 |
0.11 |
0.06 |
0.98 |
0.77 |
|
|
C. V. (%) |
8 |
8 |
7 |
6 |
19 |
3 |
13 |
7 |
|
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.
3Visual estimate of head density: 1 is low, 5 is high.
4Inside head color: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green; 3 to 5 is light to dark green.
5Outside
head color: 2 to 4 is light to dark green.
Go to top of cabbage hybrid
performance trial
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