Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
Richard Greenland
Table 63. Carrot weed control treatment application data
Table 64. Carrot root characteristics as effected by herbicides
Table 65. Crop injury by herbicides
Table 66. Hairy nightshade, eastern black nightshade, and redroot pigweed control
Table 67. Number of roots and yield of carrots
Only a few herbicides are available for weed control in carrots. Treflan, Lorox, Poast and Fusilade are the most commonly used. In this study we evaluated several new herbicides and herbicide combinations for use in carrots.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam; pH=6.9; 2.1% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was low. |
Previous crop: |
2002 - potato; 2001 - cabbage, carrot, edible bean, field corn, onion, potato, soybean, sugar beet, sweetcorn and wheat; 2000 - field corn. |
Seedbed Preparation: |
Chisel plowed once on April 24. Disked on April 24. Multiweeded (field cultivated) three times; once May 8 to smooth seedbed and twice May 16 to incorporate herbicide. |
Planting: |
Direct seeded Bolero carrots on May 16 with a Monosem precision vacuum planter set to plant a row of barley cover crop between the carrot rows. Carrot planting pattern was 3 lines per row (2 inches between lines in the row) with rows on 18-inch centers. Planting rate was about 800,000 seeds/acre for carrot and 0.45 bu/acre for barley. |
Plots: |
Plots were 17 ft long by 6 ft wide with a 2-ft border between plots. There were 4 reps. |
Fertilizer: |
On April 9, broadcast 11 lbs N/acre and 52 lbs P205 as 11-52-0, 30 lbs K2O as 0-0-60 and 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Side dressed 40 lbs N/acre as 32-0-0 on May 13. Fertigated 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 26. Applied 30 lbs N/acre as urea on July 16. |
Irrigation: |
Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed. |
Pest control: |
Treflan (1.5 pt/acre on May 16) and Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre on June 17) were applied to all plots. Check plots were hand weeded. See Table 65 for other weed control treatments. Sprayed Asana (8 oz/acre on July 17, July 30, August 8 and August 22) to control leafhopper. |
Harvest: |
Carrots were harvested September 12 to September 16. The harvest area was a 3 ft section of the center two rows of each plot. |
Weed pressure was low this year and weed control was good to excellent for all treatments except for Balance Pro which did not control hairy nightshade. Callisto severely injured carrots when applied PRE, but only slightly injured carrots when applied at POST2 when carrots were three inches tall. Balance Pro injured carrots severely, moderately, or very slightly when applied PRE, POST1, or POST2, respectively. Authority and Valor also slightly injured carrots. Most treatments gave yields equal with the check. Callisto applied PRE and all Balance Pro treatments gave lower yields. Valor reduced carrot stand when applied PRE, but carrots were bigger so yield was not reduced.
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Table 63. Carrot weed control treatment application data at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site in 2003.
Application timing |
Date |
Time |
Barley height |
Carrot height |
Carrot growth stage |
Weed height |
Weed growth stage |
PRE |
May 20 |
11:00 am |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
0 |
POST1 |
June 16 |
9:35 am |
7" |
3" |
2 lf |
1 to 4” |
3 to 8 lf |
POST2 |
June 23 |
3:00 pm |
8" (dying) |
4.5" |
3.5 lf |
1 to 6" |
4 to 10 lf |
Treatments were applied with a CO2 backpack sprayer using AI 110-04 flat fan nozzles, 45 gpa, at 57 psi. Weed ratings were taken on June 27, August 1 and September 5.
Treflan (1.5 pt/A on May 16) and Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/A on June 17) applied to entire study.
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Table 64. Carrot root characteristics for the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 carrot weed control study.
Treatment number1 |
Average root length |
Average root size |
Multiple root |
US #1 yield |
Uniformity |
Overall score |
|
inches |
oz/root |
--------- % --------- |
1 to 5 |
1 to 10 |
|
|
||||||
1 |
6.0 |
2.5 f2 |
22 |
71 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
2 |
6.5 |
3.6 cde |
22 |
74 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
3 |
6.6 |
5.7 a |
19 |
79 |
2.3 |
6.3 |
4 |
7.4 |
4.3 bc |
21 |
76 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
5 |
6.5 |
4.8 ab |
31 |
66 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
6 |
6.5 |
3.0 def |
24 |
71 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
7 |
6.6 |
3.4 c-f |
18 |
81 |
2.5 |
6.6 |
8 |
6.6 |
3.9 bcd |
31 |
65 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
9 |
6.1 |
2.7 ef |
21 |
73 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
10 |
6.3 |
3.3 c-f |
25 |
70 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
11 |
6.0 |
3.2 c-f |
30 |
68 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
12 |
6.5 |
2.5 ef |
23 |
71 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
13 |
6.3 |
3.3 c-f |
13 |
84 |
2.4 |
6.4 |
15 |
6.8 |
3.1 def |
25 |
70 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
16 |
6.1 |
3.0 def |
24 |
72 |
2.3 |
6.3 |
17 |
6.3 |
3.3 c-f |
29 |
65 |
2.3 |
6.3 |
18 |
6.3 |
3.0 def |
24 |
73 |
2.5 |
6.5 |
|
||||||
Probability |
0.08 |
<.0001 |
0.6 |
0.43 |
0.68 |
0.45 |
C.V. (%) |
8 |
23 |
41 |
14 |
9 |
3 |
1See Table 65 for weed control treatments.
2Values in this column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant differences between values in columns without letters.
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Table 65. Crop injury by herbicides in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 carrot weed control study.
Treatment Number |
Herbicide(s) |
Application Rate |
Application timing1 |
Crop Injury |
||
Jun 27 |
Aug 1 |
Sept 5 |
||||
|
------------------ 0 to 102 ---------------- |
|||||
|
||||||
1 |
Lorox |
1 lb |
PRE |
0.5 ab3 |
0.3 ab |
1.0 abc |
2 |
Balance Pro |
1 oz |
PRE |
5.5 h |
4.8 d |
4.8 e |
3 |
Balance Pro |
1.5 oz |
PRE |
7.5 i |
7.0 e |
4.5 e |
4 |
Valor |
0.5 oz |
PRE |
2.5 def |
1.8 bcd |
0.5 ab |
5 |
Valor |
1 oz |
PRE |
3.0 ef |
2.5 cd |
2.0 bcd |
6 |
Lorox + Lorox |
1 lb + 1.5 lbs |
PRE + POST2 |
0.5 ab |
0.0 a |
1.3 abc |
7 |
Lorox + Valor |
0.5 lb + 2 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
2.3 de |
1.8 bcd |
1.3 abc |
8 |
Valor + Lorox |
0.5 oz + 1.5 lbs |
PRE + POST2 |
1.8 cd |
1.0 abc |
0.5 ab |
9 |
Lorox + Balance Pro |
1 lb + 1 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
1.0 abc |
1.3 a-d |
1.5 abc |
10 |
Lorox + Valor |
1 lb + 1 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
2.3 de |
1.3 a-d |
1.3 abc |
11 |
Lorox + Valor |
1 lb + 2 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
1.8 cd |
1.5 a-d |
0.0 a |
12 |
Lorox + Authority |
1 lb + 1 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
3.0 ef |
0.3 ab |
1.3 abc |
13 |
Lorox + Authority |
1 lb + 2 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
3.5 fg |
1.8 bcd |
0.5 ab |
14 |
Callisto + Lorox |
6 oz + 1.5 lb |
PRE + POST2 |
10.0 j |
9.0 f |
9.5 f |
15 |
Lorox + Callisto |
1 lb + 3 oz |
PRE + POST2 |
1.5 bcd |
2.3 cd |
0.8 abc |
16 |
Balance Pro |
1 oz |
POST1 |
3.5 fg |
2.3 cd |
3.3 de |
17 |
Balance Pro |
1.5 oz |
POST1 |
4.3 g |
2.5 cd |
2.3 cd |
18 |
Hand weeded check |
|
|
0.0 a |
0.0 a |
0.5 ab |
|
||||||
Probability |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
|||
C.V. (%) |
27 |
52 |
59 |
1See Table 63 for explanation of application timings.
2Ratings are from 0 to 10: 0 = no weed control or crop injury, 10 = complete weed control or all carrots dead.
3Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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Table 66. Hairy nightshade, eastern black nightshade, and redroot pigweed control by herbicides in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 carrot weed control study.
Treatment number1 |
Hairy Nightshade |
Eastern Black Nightshade |
Redroot Pigweed |
||||||
Jun 27 |
Aug 1 |
Sept 5 |
Jun 27 |
Aug 1 |
Sept 5 |
Jun 27 |
Aug 1 |
Sept 5 |
|
|
------------------------------------------------------------ 0 to 102 ----------------------------------------------------------- |
||||||||
|
|||||||||
1 |
9.3 abc3 |
6.5 b |
6.8 d-g |
9.8 ab |
7.8 c |
7.5 cd |
10.0 |
9.0 abc |
9.3 abc |
2 |
8.3 cd |
4.5 c |
4.0 h |
10.0 a |
9.3 ab |
9.3 ab |
10.0 |
8.3 c |
7.8 de |
3 |
9.5 ab |
6.0 bc |
5.8 fgh |
10.0 a |
9.8 a |
9.3 ab |
10.0 |
8.8 bc |
7.8 de |
4 |
10.0 a |
9.0 a |
9.5 ab |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
9.0 abc |
8.5 cd |
5 |
10.0 a |
9.8 a |
9.8 ab |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
9.8 a |
10.0 |
9.0 abc |
8.8 bcd |
6 |
9.3 abc |
9.0 a |
8.5 a-d |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
9.8 ab |
9.5 abc |
7 |
9.8 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
8 |
10.0 a |
9.8 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
9.8 ab |
9 |
8.3 cd |
6.5 b |
6.0 fg |
10.0 a |
9.8 a |
9.5 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
9.5 abc |
10 |
9.8 a |
9.8 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
9.8 ab |
9.5 abc |
11 |
9.8 a |
10.0 a |
9.8 ab |
9.8 ab |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
9.9 ab |
12 |
9.3 abc |
6.3 b |
6.5 efg |
10.0 a |
9.5 a |
9.8 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
9.8 ab |
13 |
10.0 a |
9.0 a |
8.0 b-e |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
14 |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
9.0 abc |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
9.5 a |
10.0 |
8.8 bc |
7.0 e |
15 |
8.3 cd |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
9.0 abc |
8.5 cd |
16 |
8.0 d |
5.0 bc |
5.0 gh |
9.8 ab |
8.0 bc |
7.8 bd |
10.0 |
9.3 abc |
8.8 bcd |
17 |
7.8 de |
5.5 bc |
5.0 gh |
10.0 a |
9.3 ab |
8.8 abc |
10.0 |
9.0 abc |
8.8 bcd |
18 |
6.5 f |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
8.8 c |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
10.0 |
10.0 a |
10.0 a |
|
|||||||||
Probability |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
0.0012 |
— |
0.005 |
<.0001 |
C.V. (%) |
9 |
14 |
17 |
4 |
9 |
12 |
0 |
8 |
9 |
1See Table 65 for weed control treatments.
2Ratings are from 0 to 10: 0 = no weed control or crop injury, 10 = complete weed control or all carrots dead.
3Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant differences between values in column without letters.
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Table 67. Number of roots and yield of carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 carrot weed control study.
Treatment number1 |
Number of carrot roots (by carrot dia.) |
Carrot yield (by carrot diameter) |
||||||||
>1.5" |
1 to 1.5" |
0.5 to 1" |
US #1 |
total |
>1.5" |
1 to 1.5" |
0.5 to 1" |
US #1 |
total |
|
|
------------------------ 1000s/acre ------------------------ |
------------------------- tons/acre -------------------------- |
||||||||
|
||||||||||
1 |
56 b-e2 |
113 ab |
110 a |
278 ab |
375 a |
9.5 b-e |
8.7 a-f |
3.6 a |
21.8 ab |
31.4 ab |
2 |
30 ef |
58 ef |
15 jk |
103 fg |
143 de |
5.6 ef |
5.6 fgh |
0.5 ghi |
11.7 d |
16.0 de |
3 |
35 def |
22 fg |
11 jk |
68 g |
91 e |
7.8 cde |
1.9 ij |
0.4 hi |
10.1 d |
13.6 e |
4 |
71 a-d |
68 de |
33 f-j |
172 de |
215 cd |
14.6 abc |
7.0 c-h |
1.4 d-h |
23.0 ab |
30.4 abc |
5 |
97 a |
59 ef |
16 ijk |
172 de |
236 c |
18.7 a |
5.9 fgh |
0.5 ghi |
25.0 ab |
37.4 a |
6 |
76 abc |
120 ab |
79 a-d |
275 ab |
385 a |
13.6 a-d |
9.0 a-e |
2.5 bc |
25.0 ab |
35.5 ab |
7 |
86 ab |
123 ab |
59 d-h |
269 ab |
332 ab |
14.9 ab |
10.9 a |
2.2 bcd |
27.9 a |
34.6 ab |
8 |
80 abc |
70 cde |
47 d-i |
197 cde |
280 bc |
15.6 ab |
6.6 d-h |
1.5 c-g |
23.7 ab |
36.0 ab |
9 |
69 a-e |
108 abc |
64 b-f |
241 abc |
361 a |
10.7 b-e |
7.7 b-g |
2.0 b-e |
20.4 bc |
28.2 bc |
10 |
74 a-d |
117 ab |
62 c-g |
253 abc |
338 ab |
13.3 a-d |
9.5 a-d |
2.3 bcd |
25.1 ab |
35.9 ab |
11 |
75 a-d |
131 a |
41 e-j |
247 abc |
332 ab |
12.6 a-e |
10.7 ab |
1.4 c-h |
24.6 ab |
36.6 ab |
12 |
62 a-e |
138 a |
96 ab |
295 a |
391 a |
10.6 b-e |
10.0 abc |
2.9 ab |
23.5 ab |
33.1 ab |
13 |
87 ab |
126 a |
69 b-e |
282 a |
365 a |
15.8 ab |
10.4 ab |
2.4 bcd |
28.5 a |
34.4 ab |
14 |
0 f |
0 g |
0 k |
0 h |
0 f |
0.0 f |
0.0 j |
0.0 i |
0.0 e |
0.0 f |
15 |
76 abc |
103 a-d |
64 b-f |
243 abc |
357 ab |
13.8 a-d |
8.0 a-g |
2.1 bcd |
23.9 ab |
34.0 ab |
16 |
44 cde |
69 de |
31 g-k |
144 ef |
220 cd |
7.3 de |
5.2 gh |
1.0 e-i |
13.5 cd |
19.3 de |
17 |
54 b-e |
58 ef |
28 h-k |
140 ef |
230 c |
9.7 b-e |
4.4 hi |
0.7 f-i |
14.8 cd |
22.4 cd |
18 |
82 abc |
128 a |
93 abc |
304 a |
385 a |
14.9 ab |
10.8 a |
2.8 ab |
28.5 a |
38.6 a |
|
||||||||||
Probability |
0.002 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
0.0006 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
C.V. (%) |
43 |
30 |
43 |
22 |
20 |
42 |
30 |
44 |
24 |
21 |
1See Table 65 for weed control treatments.
2Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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