Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
CHINESE CABBAGE HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL
Table 22. Head characteristics of fresh market Chinese cabbage
Although regular cabbage grows very well in North Dakota, Chinese cabbage often has not formed a good head when direct seeded, making it unmarketable. We evaluated five hybrids to see if some of the present hybrids could form a good head under North Dakota conditions when transplanted or direct seeded.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam; pH=7.0; 2.0% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was low. |
Previous crops: |
2002 - sweetcorn; 2001 - pumpkin; 2000 - carrot. |
Seedbed preparation: |
Disked twice; April 11 and April 24. Multiweeded (field cultivated) twice on April 24 to incorporate herbicide and fertilizer. |
Planting: |
Direct seeded Chinese cabbage and a barley cover crop (0.45 bu/acre) on April 29 with a Monosem precision planter. Cabbage seeds were spaced about 6 inches apart in 21-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to about 12 inches apart (about 29,000 plants/acre). Cabbage seeds were placed about ½ to ¾ inches deep into a flat, fine seedbed. A row of barley was planted between and parallel to the cabbage rows. Started transplants in greenhouse on April 12. Cabbage was planted on May 7. As it was planted, each plant received ½ cup of fertilizer solution (1% soulution of 10-34-0). |
Plots: |
Plots were 17 ft long by one row (21 inches) wide. The study had 4 reps. |
Fertilizer: |
On April 9, broadcast 11 lbs N/acre and 52 lbs P205 as 11-52-0, 30 lbs K2O as 0-0-60 and 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre as 32-0-0 on April 24. Sprayed lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 7. Fertigated 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 26. Applied 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on July 15. |
Irrigation: |
Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed |
Pest Control: |
Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1 pt/acre applied preplant incorporated on April 24), Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre on May 31, which also killed the barley cover crop), and by hand weeding. Sprayed Sevin (1 qt/acre on June 16 and June 30) to control flea beetle. Asana (8 oz/acre on May 28 and August 21) and DiPel (1 lb/acre on July 14, July 22, and July 30) controlled cabbage looper and cabbage worm. |
Harvest: |
Cabbage was hand harvested when heads were of marketable size. Cabbage head characteristics were measured on representative cabbage heads selected at each harvest from each plot. |
Direct seeding Chinese cabbage produced few heads of marketable quality. Transplanted Chinese cabbage was better, but not as good as the excellent quality seen in regular cabbage. Mirako and Nikko were the best Chinese cabbage hybrids.
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Table 21. Early stand, days to harvest, yields, overall quality, and head shape and size of Chinese cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 Chinese cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Planting method or hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Early stand2 |
Days to harvest |
Harvest spread3 |
Number of heads |
Yield |
Overall score |
Head shape4 |
Head size |
|
1000s/A |
-------- days -------- |
1000s/A |
tons/A |
1 to 10 |
1 to 5 |
lbs/head |
||
|
|||||||||
Planting method (averaged over hybrid) |
|||||||||
Bare root transplant |
22.8 |
73 |
11 |
20.5 |
22.6 |
6.4 |
4.8 |
2.2 |
|
Direct seed |
41.9 |
84 |
11 |
22.8 |
21.8 |
5.4 |
4.8 |
1.9 |
|
|
|||||||||
Probability |
0.0002 |
0.0007 |
0.81 |
0.01 |
0.14 |
0.0003 |
0.45 |
0.015 |
|
|
|||||||||
Hybrid (averaged over planting method) |
|||||||||
Bilko |
BE |
31.1 |
81 |
10 |
22.0 |
20.2 |
5.2 |
4.9 |
1.8 |
Kaboka |
BE |
32.9 |
79 |
8 |
22.1 |
20.4 |
5.9 |
4.6 |
1.9 |
Mirako |
BE |
32.4 |
78 |
11 |
21.6 |
23.6 |
6.3 |
4.8 |
2.2 |
Nikko |
BE |
33.1 |
77 |
11 |
22.3 |
23.6 |
6.3 |
4.7 |
2.1 |
Optiko |
BE |
32.4 |
77 |
15 |
20.3 |
23.3 |
5.8 |
4.8 |
2.3 |
|
|||||||||
Probability |
0.85 |
<.0001 |
0.016 |
0.23 |
0.04 |
0.014 |
0.18 |
0.0005 |
|
LSD (0.05) |
— |
2 |
4 |
— |
3.0 |
0.7 |
— |
0.2 |
|
|
|||||||||
Probability interaction |
0.68 |
0.28 |
0.55 |
0.28 |
0.89 |
0.7 |
0.65 |
0.40 |
|
C.V. (%) |
12 |
2 |
33 |
9 |
13 |
11 |
4 |
10 |
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Stand before thinning.
3Harvest spread = days between first head ready to harvest until last head in plot ready to harvest.
4Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.
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Table 22. Head characteristics of fresh market Chinese cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2003 Chinese cabbage hybrid performance trial.
Planting method or hybrid |
Seed source1 |
Head density2 |
Head width |
Head height |
Inside color3 |
Outside color4 |
Core length |
Core width |
|
1 to 5 |
-------- inches -------- |
1 to 8 |
2 to 8 |
------ inches ------ |
|||
|
||||||||
Planting method (averaged over hybrid) |
||||||||
Bare root transplant |
1.5 |
4.5 |
8.1 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
1.4 |
1.23 |
|
Direct seed |
1.3 |
4.2 |
7.9 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.9 |
1.00 |
|
|
||||||||
Probability |
0.04 |
0.014 |
0.08 |
0.27 |
0.25 |
0.009 |
0.0001 |
|
|
||||||||
Hybrid (averaged over planting method) |
||||||||
Bilko |
BE |
1.1 |
4.2 |
8.3 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
2.2 |
1.06 |
Kaboka |
BE |
1.5 |
4.3 |
7.5 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
1.7 |
1.13 |
Mirako |
BE |
1.5 |
4.2 |
8.1 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
1.9 |
1.12 |
Nikko |
BE |
1.8 |
4.3 |
8.0 |
2.0 |
2.9 |
3.1 |
1.09 |
Optiko |
BE |
1.2 |
4.8 |
7.9 |
2.0 |
3.0 |
1.7 |
1.17 |
|
||||||||
Probability |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
0.002 |
0.15 |
0.02 |
0.003 |
0.14 |
|
LSD (0.05) |
0.2 |
0.2 |
0.4 |
— |
0.1 |
0.7 |
— |
|
|
||||||||
Probability interaction |
0.003 |
0.023 |
0.4 |
0.15 |
0.26 |
0.51 |
0.23 |
|
C.V. (%) |
14 |
5 |
5 |
2 |
2 |
34 |
8 |
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Visual estimate of head density: 1 is low, 5 is high.
3Inside head color: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green; 3-5 is light to dark green; 6-8 light to dark purple.
4Outside head color: 2-4 is light to dark green; 8 is purple.
Interactions: For head density: Bilko, Mirako, and Nikko had higher density when transplanted. Kaboka had higher density when direct seeded. Optiko head density was the same for both planting methods.
For head width: All hybrids had larger diameter heads when transplanted except for Optiko. Its head diameter was the same for both planting methods.
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