Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

'SUGAR ENHANCED' SWEETCORN HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL

Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Delores Anderson

Table 19. Corn development, ear height and removal score, and lodging

Table 20. Number of ears and yield

Table 21. Husk characteristics of se sweetcorn

Table 22. Ear characteristics of se sweetcorn

Sweetcorn grows very well in this area of North Dakota. The short summer is compensated for by long days and lots of sunshine. In our trials, sweetcorn has always matured before frost.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil:	Maddock sandy loam and Hecla sandy loam; pH=7.4; 2.3% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was medium.
Previous crops:	2001 - sweetcorn and carrot; 2000 - cabbage, broccoli, cauliflower, and field corn; 1999 - soybean.
Seedbed preparation:	Coulter chiseled 15 inches deep on April 18. Disked on May 6. Multiweeded (field cultivated) on May 14 to smooth the seed bed and incorporate fertilizer.
Planting:	Seeded on May 14 in 30-inch rows. Planting depth was about 2 inches. Plots were seeded at a rate of 50,000 seeds/acre, then later thinned to 28,000 plants/acre.
Plots:	Plots were 12.5 ft (5 rows) wide by 17 ft long. There were 4 reps.
Fertilizer:	On April 18, broadcast 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Knifed in 100 lbs N/acre as 32-0-0 + N-serve (1 qt/acre) on June 18.
Irrigation:	Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed.
Pest Control:	Outlook (1 pt/acre on May 14), Basagran + AAtrex + COC (1 pt + 0.5 lb + 1 pt/acre on Jun 4), two cultivations (Jun 7 and Jun 27), and hand weeding controlled weeds. Sprayed Asana (8 oz/acre on Jul 1) and Ambush (8 oz/acre on Jul 9) to control European corn borer and corn earworm.
Harvest:	Hand harvested 23 to 25 days after half-silk date. Only the center row of each plot was harvested. Harvested from July 29 to Aug 12.

RESULTS

Most hybrids had good yield and quality. Ecstase II, Native Gem, and Kandy Plus were the best looking. Ecstase II was difficult to remove from the stalk. Luscious TSW and Whiteout TSW produced the highest marketable yield and had above average quality. Honey Select was the sweetest but did not look as good.

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Table 19. Corn development, ear height and removal score, and lodging for se sweetcorn in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 se sweetcorn performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Early stand²	Days to half-silk	Days to harvest	Ear height³	Ear removal⁴	Lodging
		1000s/acre			inches	1 to 10	%

10524	SW	36.6 abc	60.5 c-f	80.8 b	21.5 h-l	6.8 f-I	4 ab
Accord	MM	28.2 e-j	66.3 p	87.8 jk	24.5 def	8.8 a-e	1 a
BC 0801 VP	RG	39.5 a	64.8 lmn	86.3 g-j	26.8 abc	7.8 c-h	7 abc
Bojangles	SW	37.2 abc	60.3 cde	80.3 b	19.5 l	7.3 e-i	29 a-f
Bon Appetit TSW	MM	30.2 d-j	60.8 d-g	81.0 bc	22.0 g-k	9.3 abc	41 d-h
Brocade TSW	MM	33.1 b-h	63.3 jk	84.3 ef	27.3 ab	8.0 b-g	46 fgh
Colonial	RG	37.4 abc	63.8 kl	84.8 efg	21.0 jkl	8.5 a-e	56 f-I
Double Gem	MM	29.0 e-j	59.8 cd	79.8 b	21.3 i-l	8.8 a-e	30 a-f
Ecstase II	SW	32.3 b-i	55.8 b	76.8 a	15.8 m	5.0 j	35 b-h
Lancelot	MM	27.2 h-k	64.8 lmn	85.8 f-i	23.8 efg	9.5 ab	81 i
Luscious TSW	MM	31.3 c-j	61.8 ghi	83.3 de	25.0 cde	8.5 a-e	45 e-h
Native Gem	MM	27.7 g-k	55.3 b	76.5 a	16.3 m	7.5 d-i	36 c-h
Precious Gem	MM	28.4 e-j	65.5 nop	86.5 h-k	25.3 b-e	9.8 a	6 abc
Providence	RG	34.3 a-e	66.3 p	88.0 k	23.5 e-h	8.3 a-f	5 abc
Rapport TSW	MM	36.4 a-d	61.3 e-h	82.5 cd	20.5 kl	9.0 a-d	51 f-I
Serendipity	RG	38.4 ab	66.0 op	88.0 k	22.8 f-j	6.3 hij	14 a-e
Chief Ouray	MM	27.9 f-j	61.8 ghi	83.3 de	21.3 i-l	9.0 a-d	33 a-g
Honey Select	RG	32.8 b-h	65.3 m-p	86.3 g-j	26.0 a-d	7.8 c-h	10 a-d
Kandy Plus	RG	21.5 k	66.0 op	87.0 ijk	25.0 cde	8.0 b-g	1 a
Promise	MM	25.1 jk	65.0 mno	86.0 ghi	26.5 a-d	8.8 a-e	60 f-I
Spring Treat	MM	33.6 a-g	53.8 a	76.0 a	15.5 m	6.0 ij	66 hi
Tuxedo	MM	35.4 a-d	62.3 hij	83.5 de	20.0 kl	8.0 b-g	3 a
Welcome TSW	MM	33.8 a-g	59.5 c	80.0 b	19.8 l	7.3 e-i	64 ghi
Cloud Nine TSW	MM	26.4 ijk	61.8 ghi	83.3 de	23.3 e-i	6.5 g-j	2 a
Imaculata	MM	34.6 a-f	64.0 klm	85.1 fgh	23.3 e-j	9.2 a-d	63 f-I
Silver Princess	RG	35.6 a-d	61.5 f-i	82.5 cd	23.3 e-i	6.3 hij	4 ab
Silver King	RG	31.1 c-j	66.4 p	88.1 k	27.9 a	6.2 hij	28 a-f
Sugarsnow II	MM	35.6 a-d	59.8 cd	79.8 b	20.0 kl	8.0 b-g	10 a-d
Whiteout TSW	MM	35.9 a-d	62.7 ijk	84.1 de	27.9 a	6.2 hij	83 i

Probability		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
C.V. %		14	1	1	7	15	73

¹See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.

²Corn was over planted. After stand count, corn was thinned to about 28,000 plants/acre (unless fewer than 28,000 plants emerged).

³Distance from ground to base of ear.

⁴Indicates ease of ear removal. The higher the score, the easier it was to remove the ear.

⁵Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 20. Number of ears and yield of se sweetcorn in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 se sweetcorn performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Unhusked				Husked
		marketable		total		marketable		tota
		ears	yield	ears	yield	ears	yield	ears	yield
		1000s/A	tons/A	1000s/A	tons/A	1000s/A	tons/A	1000s/A	tons/A

10524	SW	25.1 a-e²	9.8 b-f	25.9 a-d	10.0 b-g	22.5 a-e	5.7 cde	25.9 a-e	6.2 cde
Accord	MM	21.0 fgh	8.4 f-k	21.8 efg	8.6 g-k	17.2 ghi	4.8 e-i	21.8 fgh	5.7 d-g
BC 0801 VP	RG	26.1 abc	10.4 abc	27.7 ab	10.7 abc	24.3 ab	6.3 bc	27.7 ab	6.9 bc
Bojangles	SW	24.6 a-f	8.6 e-k	25.9 a-d	8.9 e-k	22.8 a-d	5.1 d-g	25.9 a-e	5.5 d-h
Bon Appetit TSW	MM	21.0 fgh	9.7 b-f	23.3 d-g	10.2 b-e	19.0 d-h	5.7 cde	23.3 d-h	6.4 cd
Brocade TSW	MM	21.8 e-h	8.2 g-k	22.8 d-g	8.4 h-l	18.7 e-h	4.8 e-i	22.8 e-h	5.5 e-h
Colonial	RG	24.3 a-f	9.7 b-f	24.6 a-e	9.8 b-g	20.0 c-h	5.2 d-g	24.6 a-f	6.0 c-f
Double Gem	MM	23.1 b-h	9.1 c-i	23.3 d-g	9.2 d-j	19.7 c-h	5.4 c-g	23.3 d-h	6.1 cde
Ecstase II	SW	22.5 c-h	6.7 l	24.6 a-e	7.1 l	19.5 d-h	3.6 j	24.6 a-f	4.2 i
Lancelot	MM	20.0 gh	7.8 i-l	21.8 efg	8.1 i-l	17.4 ghi	5.0 d-h	21.8 fgh	5.7 d-g
Luscious TSW	MM	25.6 a-e	11.9 a	25.9 a-d	11.9 a	23.9 abc	7.5 a	26.0 a-e	8.0 a
Native Gem	MM	23.3 b-h	7.6 jkl	23.8 c-g	7.7 kl	19.5 d-h	4.0 hij	23.8 c-h	4.7 hi
Precious Gem	MM	19.7 h	7.9 h-l	20.5 g	8.0 jkl	17.2 ghi	4.9 e-i	20.2 h	5.4 e-h
Providence	RG	25.4 a-e	10.0 bcd	27.2 abc	10.5 a-d	20.8 b-g	5.1 d-h	26.9 a-d	6.2 cde
Rapport TSW	MM	22.3 d-h	9.4 c-g	24.1 b-g	9.7 b-h	14.6 i	4.4 g-j	24.1 b-g	6.3 cde
Serendipity	RG	25.6 a-d	9.6 b-f	26.4 a-d	9.8 b-g	22.0 a-f	5.3 c-g	26.4 a-e	6.1 c-f
Chief Ouray	MM	22.3 d-h	8.7 d-j	24.3 b-f	9.1 d-j	18.4 f-i	5.0 d-h	24.3 b-g	6.1 c-f
Honey Select	RG	26.4 ab	10.4 abc	28.2 a	10.8 abc	21.8 a-f	5.6 c-f	28.2 a	6.6 bc
Kandy Plus	RG	23.3 b-h	10.1 bc	23.8 c-g	10.3 bcd	16.9 ghi	5.0 d-h	23.8 c-h	6.3 cde
Promise	MM	22.5 c-h	8.5 f-k	23.8 c-g	8.7 f-k	18.4 f-i	5.1 d-g	23.8 c-h	6.0 c-f
Spring Treat	MM	23.6 b-g	7.3 kl	25.4 a-e	7.6 kl	19.5 d-h	4.0 hij	25.4 a-f	4.9 ghi
Tuxedo	MM	25.6 a-d	9.9 b-e	26.1 a-d	10. b-f	22.8 a-d	5.8 cde	26.1 a-e	6.4 cd
Welcome TSW	MM	24.1 a-f	7.7 jkl	25.9 a-d	8.0 jkl	17.7 ghi	3.9 ij	25.9 a-e	5.0 ghi
Cloud Nine TSW	MM	20.0 gh	8.2 g-k	20.8 fg	8.3 i-l	16.7 hi	4.6 f-j	20.8 gh	5.2 fgh
Imaculata	MM	24.4 a-f	9.5 b-g	24.8 a-f	9.6 b-i	21.0 a-g	5.3 c-g	24.8 a-g	6.0 c-f
Silver Princess	RG	27.4 a	9.3 c-g	27.7 ab	9.4 d-j	24.9 a	6.0 cd	27.7 ab	6.4 cd
Silver King	RG	26.1 a-d	9.3 c-h	26.5 a-d	9.4 c-j	23.0 a-d	5.7 c-f	26.5 a-e	6.3 cde
Sugarsnow II	MM	22.3 d-h	7.2 kl	23.8 c-g	7.5 kl	18.2 f-i	3.9 ij	23.8 c-h	4.7 hi
Whiteout TSW	MM	27.8 a	11.0 ab	28.5 a	11.1 ab	25.4 a	7.1 ab	27.8 abc	7.5 ab

Probability		0.0003	<.0001	0.0015	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.0017	<.0001
C.V. (%)		11	11	11	10	14	15	11	11

¹See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.

²Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 21. Husk characteristics of se sweetcorn in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 se sweetcorn performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Husk color²	Distance husk over tip³	Husk tightness⁴	Percent short shank	Husk overall score
		1 to 3	inches	1 to 3	%	1 to 10

10524	SW	1.8	1.2 c-h⁵	2.1 c-f	35 j	7.0 c-h
Accord	MM	1.6	0.4 kl	2.3 b-e	70 b-h	6.1 ijk
BC 0801 VP	RG	1.8	1.8 a	2.6 ab	53 hij	7.5 a-e
Bojangles	SW	2.0	1.7 ab	2.4 bcd	70 b-h	7.0 c-h
Bon Appetit TSW	MM	2.0	1.5 a-d	1.9 efg	68 c-h	6.6 f-j
Brocade TSW	MM	2.0	1.3 b-f	2.4 bcd	91 a	7.6 a-d
Colonial (BC 4315)	RG	1.6	0.9 f-j	2.5 abc	69 c-h	7.3 a-g
Double Gem	MM	1.5	0.7 h-l	2.3 b-e	73 a-g	6.4 h-k
Ecstase II	SW	2.4	0.6 i-l	1.9 efg	81 a-d	6.8 e-j
Lancelot	MM	1.9	0.9 f-k	1.9 efg	89 ab	6.8 e-j
Luscious TSW	MM	1.4	1.0 e-i	1.6 g	71 b-h	6.5 g-j
Native Gem	MM	1.9	0.8 g-l	1.9 efg	60 e-i	6.5 g-j
Precious Gem	MM	1.9	1.0 e-i	2.1 c-f	78 a-e	6.9 d-i
Providence (BC 4806)	RG	1.5	1.4 a-e	2.5 abc	45 ij	7.6 a-d
Rapport TSW	MM	1.8	1.3 b-f	1.8 fg	64 d-i	6.5 g-j
Serendipity	RG	1.6	1.6 abc	2.1 c-f	54 g-j	7.5 a-e
Chief Ouray	MM	2.0	0.4 l	2.0 d-g	74 a-f	5.6 k
Honey Select	RG	1.6	1.3 a-f	2.0 d-g	58 f-i	7.4 a-f
Kandy Plus	RG	1.8	1.0 d-i	2.1 c-f	38 j	7.1 b-h
Promise	MM	1.8	1.2 c-h	2.0 d-g	85 abc	6.9 d-i
Spring Treat	MM	2.1	0.9 f-j	2.0 d-g	76 a-f	7.3 a-g
Tuxedo	MM	1.9	0.9 f-j	2.0 d-g	58 f-i	6.5 g-j
Welcome TSW	MM	1.8	1.2 c-g	1.6 g	91 a	6.4 h-k
Cloud Nine TSW	MM	2.0	0.9 f-j	2.0 d-g	65 d-h	6.8 e-j
Imaculata	MM	2.0	1.6 abc	2.5 abc	63 d-i	7.5 a-e
Silver Princess	RG	1.8	1.1 d-h	2.4 bcd	89 ab	7.9 ab
Silver King	RG	1.0	1.4 a-f	2.9 a	78 a-f	7.9 abc
Sugarsnow II	MM	1.9	1.6 abc	2.1 c-f	78 a-e	8.0 a
Whiteout TSW	MM	2.0	0.4 jkl	2.4 bcd	74 a-g	5.9 jk

Probability		0.051	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	<.0001
C.V. (%)		22	31	13	21	8

¹See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.

²Color of husk. 1 to 3 is light to dark green.

³The distance the husk extends beyond the end of the ear.

⁴How tight husk is around ear. 1 = loose; 3 = tight.

⁵Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant difference between values in the column that has no letters.

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Table 22. Ear characteristics of se sweetcorn in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 se sweetcorn performance trial.

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Ear length	Ear diameter	Average rows of kernels	Tip unfilled	Tip shape²	Kernel color	Kernel yellow intensity³	Ear overall score
		--------- inches --------			inches	1 to 3		1 to 3	1 to 10

10524	SW	8.7 bcd⁴	1.71 f-I	14.0 fgh	0.4 a-g	1.1 c	bi	1.3 ef	7.5
Accord	MM	8.5 b-e	1.91 bcd	20.0 a	0.2 abc	1.0 c	bi	1.5 c-f	6.9
BC 0801 VP	RG	8.5 b-g	1.76 e-h	17.0 b-e	0.9 e-h	1.0 c	bi	1.8 b-e	7.5
Bojangles	SW	7.8 ij	1.66 hi	14.0 fgh	0.4 a-g	1.1 c	bi	1.5 c-f	6.5
Bon Appetit TSW	MM	8.0 g-j	2.02 ab	15.0 d-h	0.0 a	2.0 a	bi	1.5 c-f	7.1
Brocade TSW	MM	8.3 d-h	1.80 d-h	15.5 c-g	1.0 h	1.0 c	bi	1.3 ef	6.9
Colonial	RG	8.7 bcd	1.70 f-i	17.5 a-d	0.5 a-h	1.0 c	bi	1.9 bcd	7.4
Double Gem	MM	8.2 e-i	1.86 cde	16.5 b-f	1.0 gh	1.0 c	bi	1.0 f	7.0
Ecstase II	SW	7.7 j	1.61 i	12.5 h	0.1 ab	1.0 c	bi	1.1 f	7.8
Lancelot	MM	8.5 b-e	1.87 cde	18.5 ab	0.5 a-h	1.0 c	bi	1.5 c-f	7.0
Luscious TSW	MM	8.3 d-i	2.08 a	18.0 abc	0.1 ab	1.8 ab	bi	1.4 def	7.4
Native Gem	MM	8.2 d-i	1.60 i	13.0 gh	0.1 ab	1.0 c	bi	1.3 ef	7.6
Precious Gem	MM	8.5 b-e	1.79 d-h	16.5 b-f	0.3 a-e	1.1 c	bi	1.0 f	7.3
Providence	RG	8.7 bcd	1.68 ghi	15.0 d-h	0.4 a-f	1.3 c	bi	2.1 ab	7.0
Rapport TSW	MM	7.9 hij	1.98 abc	17.0 b-e	0.2 a-d	1.8 ab	bi	1.3 ef	6.3
Serendipity	RG	8.2 e-i	1.74 e-i	18.0 abc	0.8 d-h	1.0 c	bi	2.3 ab	7.0
Chief Ouray	MM	7.9 hij	2.02 ab	18.5 ab	0.6 b-h	1.4 bc	y	2.0 abc	5.6
Honey Select	RG	8.5 b-e	1.78 d-h	16.5 b-f	0.9 fgh	1.0 c	y	2.5 a	7.4
Kandy Plus	RG	8.9 ab	1.81 d-g	18.5 ab	0.4 a-f	1.0 c	y	1.9 bcd	7.6
Promise	MM	8.4 c-g	1.84 c-f	18.5 ab	0.7 c-h	1.0 c	y	2.0 abc	6.6
Spring Treat	MM	7.8 ij	1.61 i	12.5 h	0.0 a	1.0 c	y	1.0 f	7.1
Tuxedo	MM	8.9 abc	1.74 e-i	16.0 b-f	0.1 ab	1.8 ab	y	2.0 abc	7.3
Welcome TSW	MM	8.1 e-j	1.78 d-h	15.5 c-g	0.3 a-e	1.0 c	y	1.8 b-e	6.8
Cloud Nine TSW	MM	9.3 a	1.80 d-h	16.0 b-f	0.9 fgh	2.0 a	w	—	6.8
Imaculata	MM	8.1 e-j	1.77 d-h	15.5 c-g	0.5 a-h	1.4 bc	w	—	6.7
Silver Princess	RG	8.1 e-j	1.77 d-h	18.0 abc	0.3 a-e	1.0 c	w	—	7.1
Silver King	RG	8.0 f-j	1.85 c-f	18.1 abc	0.5 a-h	0.9 c	w	—	6.7
Sugarsnow II	MM	7.9 hij	1.67 ghi	14.5 e-h	0.0 ab	1.0 c	w	—	6.8
Whiteout TSW	MM	8.5 b-f	1.84 c-f	16.8 b-f	0.5 a-h	1.1 c	w	—	7.0

Probability		<.0001	<.0001	<.0001	0.0009	<.0001		<.0001	0.48
C.V. (%)		4	6	11	89	28		26	13

¹See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.

²Tip shape: 1 is pointed; 2 is blunt; 3 is double or flat.

³Darkness of yellow kernels on ear. 1 to 3 is light yellow to dark yellow.

⁴Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No significant differences in column without letters.

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