Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
ONION HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann, and Delores Anderson
Table 27. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions
Table 28. Yield and total onions
Onions grow well in North Dakota. Growers are producing mostly yellow sweet Spanish onions and some storage onions. This study evaluated 47 onion hybrids.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam and Hecla sandy loam; pH=6.7; 1.8% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was medium. |
Previous crops: |
2001 - broccoli, cauliflower, artichoke, and fallow; 2000 - field corn; 1999 - soybean. |
Seedbed preparation: |
Disked Nov 1 2001. Multiweeded (field cultivated) on April 23 to incorporate fertilizer and smooth the seedbed. |
Planting: |
Direct seeded onions (174,000 seeds/acre) and a barley cover crop (0.45 bu/acre) on April 30 with a Monosem precision planter. Planted onions in paired rows (2.5" apart), with the paired rows on 18" centers. A row of barley was planted between and parallel to the onion rows. Onion sets (80,000 bulbs/acre) were hand planted on May 1. Planted sets in single rows on 18" centers, 4⅓ inches apart, in a furrow, and covered with ½ inch of soil. Sprayed Poast + Dash (1.5 pt/acre + 1 pt/acre) on May 25 to kill the barley cover crop. |
Plots: |
Plots were 3 ft (two paired rows) wide by 17 ft long. The study had 4 reps. |
Fertilizer: |
On April 18, broadcast 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre on Apr 23 and 60 lbs N/acre on May 29 as 28-0-0. Applied 50 lbs N/acre as urea on June 27. |
Irrigation: |
Irrigated 0.5 inch with hand-move, overhead sprinklers on May 24 and on May 31. Irrigated with underground drip irrigation as needed the rest of the season. |
Pest control: |
Weeds were controlled with: Prowl (1.5 pt/acre on May 23 and June 11); Buctril and Goal 2EC (1.5 and 0.4 pt/acre on June 6); Buctril and Goal 1.6EC (1.5 and 0.6 pt/acre on June 25 (did not spray onion sets)); and hand weeding. Sprayed Maneb (2 lb/acre on Jul 11 and Aug 7), Ridomil MZ72 (2.5 lb/acre on Aug 2), Ronalin (2 lb/acre on Aug 16), and Dithane F45 (2 qt/acre on Aug 27) to control diseases. No insect control needed. |
Harvest: |
Pulled onions from Sept 11 to Sept 27 (approximately 2 weeks after half-down date). Onions were allowed to dry in the field for about two weeks, then were bagged and moved to a shed. The onions were graded Oct 22 to Oct 29. |
Very few onion hybrids produced greater than 4 inch diameter bulbs this year. Ranchero, Granero, Mesquite, Vaquero and Tequila produced the highest yields of 3-4 inch onions as well as the highest yields. SX 7000, Vaquero, Tamara, SWO 7391 and Granero had the highest percentage of single centers. All of the onion sets had low yields and poor quality. Yields were much below average for the second year in a row.
Go to top of onion hybrid performance trial
Table 27. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 onion performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed producer1 |
June 17 stand |
Herbicide injury2 |
Days to half-down3 |
Single centers |
Uniformity |
Overall score |
|
|
1000s plt/A |
1 to 10 |
|
% |
1 to 5 |
1 to 10 |
|
|||||||
BGS 174 |
BE |
67 j-n5 |
1.8 abc |
123 f-I |
60 b-f |
3.1 c-h |
7.5 a-e |
Braddock (BGS 142) |
BE |
77 f-k |
2.3 cde |
124 g-k |
5 l |
3.8 a-d |
7.5 a-e |
Brahma |
SS4 |
91 a-f |
1.0 a |
123 f-i |
45 d-i |
3.0 d-i |
7.5 a-e |
Condor |
AT |
78 e-k |
2.3 cde |
129 o-s |
25 h-l |
2.6 f-j |
6.5 c-g |
Copra |
BE |
101 a |
2.0 bcd |
123 f-j |
35 f-k |
4.3 a |
7.9 abc |
Corona |
BE |
95 a-d |
2.8 d-g |
114 d |
75 abc |
3.5 a-e |
6.3 d-g |
Cortland |
BE |
98 abc |
2.0 bcd |
123 f-i |
30 g-l |
3.3 b-g |
7.3 a-e |
DPSX 1170 |
DP |
97 a-d |
2.8 d-g |
120 ef |
45 c-j |
4.0 abc |
4.4 ij |
DPSX 1171 |
DP |
72 h-m |
2.5 c-f |
128 l-p |
35 f-k |
2.3 ij |
6.5 c-g |
DPSX 1172 |
DP |
88 a-g |
2.6 c-f |
128 k-p |
20 h-l |
2.8 e-j |
7.0 a-f |
Festival |
BE |
95 a-d |
2.5 c-f |
124 g-k |
75 abc |
3.5 a-e |
8.3 ab |
Flintstone (sets) |
DVG |
67 j-n |
3.5 ghi |
95 a |
55 b-g |
4.0 ab |
1.0 l |
Flintstone |
DVG |
78 e-k |
3.0 e-h |
116 de |
70 a-d |
3.5 a-e |
1.0 l |
Frontier (T-400) |
AT |
86 b-h |
2.3 cde |
122 fg |
75 abc |
4.0 ab |
7.0 a-e |
Frosty |
DP |
57 mn |
3.3 fgh |
132 rst |
40 e-j |
2.8 e-j |
6.5 c-g |
Granero |
SS |
86 a-h |
2.3 cde |
128 l-p |
80 ab |
3.5 a-e |
8.5 a |
Kodiak |
DP |
76 f-k |
2.3 cde |
127 k-p |
20 i-l |
2.5 g-j |
6.3 d-g |
Mesquite |
DP |
71 h-m |
2.8 d-g |
133 stu |
15 jkl |
2.9 e-j |
6.1 e-h |
Mustang |
BE |
10 ab |
2.8 d-g |
129 m-q |
60 b-f |
2.9 e-j |
6.5 c-g |
NiZ 37-32 |
VL |
82 d-j |
3.3 fgh |
126 i-p |
60 b-f |
3.0 d-i |
6.8 b-g |
Prince |
BE |
89 a-f |
2.5 c-f |
127 k-p |
40 e-j |
3.5 a-e |
7.5 a-e |
Ranchero |
SS |
85 a-i |
2.7 d-g |
127 k-p |
54 b-h |
2.5 f-j |
7.6 a-e |
Red Baron (sets) |
DVG |
60 lmn |
4.3 i |
113 cd |
65 a-e |
3.8 a-d |
2.0 kl |
Red Beauty |
BE |
67 j-n |
2.3 cde |
132 q-t |
40 e-j |
3.0 d-i |
3.3 jk |
Sabroso |
SS |
77 f-k |
2.3 cde |
128 l-p |
45 d-i |
2.9 e-j |
8.3 ab |
Salem |
BE |
86 a-h |
1.8 abc |
125 g-l |
45 d-i |
3.4 b-f |
7.8 a-d |
Setton (sets) |
DVG |
64 k-n |
4.3 i |
110 bc |
75 abc |
3.0 d-i |
4.3 ij |
Setton |
DVG |
65 k-n |
3.3 fgh |
136 uv |
75 abc |
2.4 hij |
3.3 jk |
Sharon |
BE |
92 a-e |
2.0 bcd |
120 ef |
30 g-l |
3.5 a-e |
7.8 a-d |
SR7002 |
SS |
78 e-k5 |
2.0 bcd |
124 g-k |
75 abc |
3.0 d-i |
6.3 d-g |
Sturon (sets) |
DVG |
70 i-n |
4.3 i |
107 b |
40 e-j |
2.6 f-j |
2.3 kl |
Sturon |
DVG |
60 lmn |
3.0 e-h |
132 q-t |
20 h-l |
2.8 e-j |
5.4 f-i |
SWO 7391 |
SWK |
77 f-k |
2.8 d-g |
127 k-p |
80 ab |
3.0 d-i |
7.4 a-e |
SWO 7074 |
SWK |
58 mn |
2.5 c-f |
126 h-n |
35 f-k |
2.1 j |
7.0 a-e |
SWO 7761 |
SWK |
81 d-j |
3.0 e-h |
129 m-q |
55 b-g |
2.8 e-j |
7.3 a-e |
SX4391 |
SS |
82 d-j |
3.8 hi |
130 p-s |
30 g-l |
2.3 ij |
5.3 ghi |
SX7000 |
SS |
84 c-i |
1.8 abc |
126 i-o |
90 a |
2.9 e-j |
7.8 a-d |
T-433 |
AT |
72 h-m |
2.8 d-g |
140 v |
10 kl |
2.4 hij |
4.6 hij |
T-439 |
AT |
72 g-m |
2.3 cde |
127 k-p |
45 d-i |
2.6 f-j |
6.3 d-g |
T-441 |
AT |
74 g-l |
2.5 c-f |
125 g-l |
70 a-d |
3.1 c-h |
6.9 b-f |
Tamara |
BE |
82 d-j |
2.2 cde |
125 g-m |
80 ab |
3.0 d-j |
7.0 a-f |
Tequila |
DP |
77 f-k |
2.5 c-f |
129 n-r |
40 e-j |
2.8 e-j |
7.5 a-e |
Tesoro |
SS |
96 a-d |
2.0 bcd |
124 g-k |
30 g-l |
3.4 b-f |
7.8 a-d |
Teton |
SM |
56 n |
1.3 ab |
126 j-p |
60 b-f |
2.8 e-j |
7.0 a-e |
Torrero |
SS |
76 f-k |
3.3 fgh |
133 tu |
75 abc |
2.3 ij |
6.5 c-g |
Vaquero |
SS |
72 g-m |
3.0 e-h |
128 l-p |
80 ab |
2.9 e-j |
8.0 abc |
Varsity |
SWK |
90 a-f |
1.0 a |
122 fgh |
45 d-i |
3.0 d-i |
7.8 a-d |
|
|||||||
Probability |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
|
C. V. (%) |
14 |
24 |
2 |
42 |
19 |
18 |
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2Rating from 0 (no injury) to 10 (all plants dead). Herbicides causing injury were Buctril and Goal.
3Number of days from planting to when half the onion tops had fallen over. This is an indication of maturity.
4This seed was furnished by Norman Haak.
5Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
Go to top of onion hybrid performance trial
Table 28. Yield and total onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2002 onion hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed producer1 |
Onion yield (by bulb size) |
|
|
|||||
> 4" |
3½ to 4" |
3 to 3½” |
2¼ to 3” |
<2¼” |
Total |
Cull weight |
Total bulbs |
||
|
|
----------------------------------- cwt/acre -------------------------------------- |
% |
1000s/A |
|||||
|
|||||||||
BGS 174 |
BE |
0 d3 |
5 hij |
87 c-I |
107 e-l |
14 lmn |
230 f-m |
7 h-l |
63 m-r |
Braddock (BGS 142) |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
38 m-r |
133 a-g |
34 e-h |
216 g-o |
4 kl |
78 c-l |
Brahma |
SS2 |
0 d |
3 hij |
64 g-m |
137 a-e |
41 def |
260 c-g |
5 jkl |
86 a-h |
Condor |
AT |
0 d |
10 f-j |
61 h-n |
134 a-f |
20 j-n |
267 b-g |
15 c-k |
75 d-n |
Copra |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
2 uv |
152 abc |
65 a |
234 e-k |
6 i-l |
100 a |
Corona |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
16 q-v |
111 d-l |
40 def |
188 i-p |
12 f-l |
85 a-h |
Cortland |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
19 q-v |
108 e-l |
60 ab |
195 h-o |
4 kl |
89 a-f |
DPSX 1170 |
DP |
0 d |
2 hij |
5 s-v |
91 h-p |
63 ab |
173 l-r |
7 g-l |
89 a-g |
DPSX 1171 |
DP |
0 d |
21 d-g |
65 f-m |
82 k-p |
24 g-m |
242 e-i |
20 c-f |
69 j-p |
DPSX 1172 |
DP |
0 d |
2 hij |
97 a-e |
134 a-h |
28 e-l |
308 abc |
13 e-l |
92 a-e |
Festival |
BE |
0 d |
2 ij |
54 k-p |
157 ab |
42 cde |
266 b-g |
4 kl |
92 abc |
Flintstone (sets) |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
0 v |
5 r |
8 n |
22 u |
44 a |
32 t |
Flintstone |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
2 tuv |
4 r |
15 lmn |
32 u |
33 ab |
49 rs |
Frontier (T-400) |
AT |
0 d |
0 j |
5 s-v |
121 b-j |
51 bcd |
185 j-p |
5 kl |
85 a-h |
Frosty |
DP |
0 d |
4 hij |
32 o-t |
84 j-p |
17 k-n |
164 o-s |
15 d-k |
52 qrs |
Granero |
SS |
2 cd |
29 a-d |
119 ab |
111 d-l |
14 lmn |
302 a-d |
8 g-l |
75 f-n |
Kodiak |
DP |
4 bc |
13 e-j |
78 c-k |
96 g-o |
17 k-n |
259 c-g |
17 c-i |
72 g-o |
Mesquite |
DP |
3 cd |
37 abc |
105 abc |
88 i-p |
13 mn |
303 abc |
16 c-j |
71 h-o |
Mustang |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
34 n-s |
156 ab |
31 e-j |
255 c-g |
13 e-l |
94 ab |
NiZ 37-32 |
VL |
0 d |
0 j |
22 q-v |
113 d-k |
34 e-i |
178 k-p |
5 jkl |
75 e-n |
Prince |
BE |
0 d |
2 ij |
38 m-r |
146 a-d |
33 e-i |
231 e-l |
5 jkl |
84 b-i |
Ranchero |
SS |
12 a |
43 ab |
124 a |
100 e-m |
16 k-n |
329 a |
10 f-l |
79 b-m |
Red Baron (sets) |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
0 v |
22 qr |
19 j-n |
71 tu |
39 a |
47 st |
Red Beauty |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
3 tuv |
58 opq |
31 e-j |
116 rt |
26 bc |
63 l-r |
Sabroso |
SS |
0 d |
16 d-i |
95 a-f |
124 b-i |
21 i-n |
276 a-f |
7 h-l |
76 d-m |
Salem |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
60 i-o |
165 a |
34 e-i |
269 b-g |
4 l |
86 a-h |
Setton (sets) |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
10 r-v |
60 m-p |
15 lmn |
111 st |
26 bcd |
52 qrs |
Setton |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
12 q-v |
61 m-p |
20 j-n |
138 p-s |
34 ab |
58 o-s |
Sharon |
BE |
0 d |
2 ij |
18 q-v |
136 a-e |
55 abc |
219 g-o |
3 l |
93 abc |
SR7002 |
SS |
0 d3 |
18 d-h |
86 c-j |
79 k-p |
11 mn |
254 c-g |
23 b-e |
67 k-q |
Sturon (sets) |
DVG |
0 d |
0 j |
9 r-v |
58 pq |
22 h-m |
110 st |
18 c-h |
60 n-s |
Sturon |
DVG |
0 d |
3 hij |
13 q-v |
57 pq |
18 k-n |
122 qrt |
25 bcd |
55 p-s |
SWO 7391 |
SWK |
0 d |
6 f-j |
85 c-j |
130 a-h |
20 j-n |
261 c-g |
7 g-l |
73 g-o |
SWO 7074 |
SWK |
7 b |
21 c-f |
65 f-m |
59 n-q |
15 lmn |
198 h-o |
12 f-l |
52 qrs |
SWO 7761 |
SWK |
0 d |
5 hij |
58 j-p |
132 a-h |
17 k-n |
241 e-j |
13 e-l |
73 g-o |
SX4391 |
SS |
0 d |
5 g-j |
23 q-v |
75 l-p |
36 efg |
172 n-q |
18 c-g |
68 k-p |
SX7000 |
SS |
0 d |
6 f-j |
37 m-r |
116 c-k |
38 def |
215 g-o |
8 g-l |
81 b-k |
T-433 |
AT |
0 d |
11 f-j |
75 d-k |
97 f-n |
19 j-n |
227 f-n |
9 f-l |
63 l-r |
T-439 |
AT |
0 d |
6 f-j |
74 d-l |
128 a-h |
15 lmn |
246 e-h |
9 g-l |
69 i-p |
T-441 |
AT |
0 d |
0 j |
30 p-u |
105 e-l |
32 e-j |
175 m-q |
5 jkl |
69 i-p |
Tamara |
BE |
0 d |
0 j |
43 l-q |
155 abc |
38 d-g |
243 d-j |
3 l |
85 a-j |
Tequila |
DP |
0 d |
44 a |
92 b-g |
105 e-l |
11 mn |
307 abc |
14 e-l |
72 g-o |
Tesoro |
SS |
0 d |
0 j |
68 d-l |
164 a |
29 f-k |
287 a-e |
8 g-l |
89 a-f |
Teton |
SM |
0 d |
8 f-j |
66 e-m |
79 k-p |
19 j-n |
189 i-p |
9 g-l |
54 p-s |
Torrero |
SS |
2 cd |
28 b-e |
93 a-f |
104 e-l |
9 n |
261 c-g |
10 f-l |
63 l-r |
Vaquero |
SS |
2 cd |
42 ab |
97 a-d |
102 e-l |
16 k-n |
265 c-g |
3 l |
69 j-p |
Varsity |
SWK |
0 d |
15 d-j |
90 c-h |
153 abc |
24 g-m |
322 ab |
11 f-l |
91 a-d |
|
|||||||||
Probability |
0.0003 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
|
C. V. (%) |
410 |
130 |
42 |
26 |
35 |
19 |
60 |
15 |
1See Appendix A for a list of seed sources.
2This seed was furnished by Norman Haak.
3Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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