Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

 

ONION HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 2001

Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Delores Anderson


Results summary

Table 26. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions

Table 27. Yield and total onions


          Onions grow well in North Dakota. Growers are producing mostly yellow sweet Spanish onions and some storage onions.


MATERIALS AND METHODS


Soil:

Maddock sandy loam and Embden Sandy Loam; pH=7.5; 2.0% organic matter; soil-P was very high; soil-K was high; soil-S was very low.

Previous crops:

2000 - tomato, pepper and sweet corn; 1999 - cabbage; 1998 - field corn.

Seedbed

preparation:

Disked on April 25. Multiweeded (field cultivated) on April 26 to incorporate fertilizer and smooth the seedbed.

Planting:

Direct seeded onions (200,000 seeds/acre) on April 25 with a Stanhay vegetable planter modified to drill a barley cover crop (1 bu/acre, 6 inch rows). Planted in paired rows (3" apart), with the paired rows on 16" centers. Sprayed Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre) on May 25 to kill the barley cover crop.

Plots:

Plots were 3 ft (two paired rows) wide by 17 ft long. The study had 4 reps.

Fertilizer:

On April 19, broadcast 10 lbs N/acre and 50 lbs P2O5/acre as 10-50-0 and 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 25. Fertigated 35 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 26.

Irrigation:

Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed.

Pest

control:

Weeds were controlled with: Prowl (1.5 pt/acre on May 18 and June 19); Buctril and Goal (1.5 and 0.6 pt/acre on June 12); Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre on July 5 and spot applied 2 pt + 1 pt/acre on July 19) and hand weeding. We sprayed Bravo (1.5 pt/acre on July 12; 3 pt/acre on July 17 and Aug 27), Ridomil MZ72 (2.5 lb/acre on July 24 and Aug 16) and Maneb (2 lb/acre on Aug 8) to control diseases. No insect control needed.

Harvest:

Pulled onions from Sept 4 to Sept 17 (approximately 2 weeks after half-down date). Onions were allowed to dry in the field for about two weeks, then were bagged and moved to a shed. The onions were graded Oct 12 to Oct 24.


RESULTS


The hybrids Tequila, Granero, Mesquite and Ranchero had the highest yields over 4 inches and also the highest total yields. Ranchero, Granero, Mesquite, Tequila and Vaquero had the highest yields of 3-4 inch onions. Condor, Tequila, Tioga and Redwing had the highest yield of 2.25-3 inch onions. Milliniun, Gunnison, Ranchero and T-441 had the highest percentage of single centers. South Port and Candy had low yields and quality.


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Table 26. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2001 onion performance trial.

Hybrid

Seed producer1

June 15 stand

June 15 vigor

Herbicide injury2

Days to half-down3

Single centers

Uniformity

Overall score

 

------------------ 1 to 10 -----------------

 

%

1 to 5

1 to 10

BGS 142

BE4

7.0 a-e7

7.5 a-d

2.5 b-f

127 e-m

18 j-m

2.8 e-j

6.8 c-i

BGS 142

BE

6.8 a-f

6.5 ef

2.0 a-d

133 l-r

  5 m

3.0 d-j

5.8 ijk

Brahma

SS

7.3 a-d

8.0 ab

1.5 ab

119 abc

40 e-k

3.1 b-i

7.5 a-g

Candy

PS5

7.0 a-e

7.3 b-e

3.0 def

126 b-j

45 d-k

2.5 ij

4.1 lmn

Condor

AT

7.5 abc

7.5 a-d

2.8 c-f

127 d-l

35 f-l

3.8 a-d

7.8 a-e

Copra

BE4

6.3 c-f

7.3 b-e

2.3 a-e

126 c-k

30 h-m

3.9 abc

6.1 h-k

DPSX 1170

DP

6.5 b-f

7.0 c-f

3.0 def

116 a

20 klm

3.6 a-e

5.4 jkl

Mariner

AS4

6.8 a-f

7.0 c-f

1.5 ab

131 g-q

27 h-m

3.0 c-j

7.1 a-i

Festival

BE

7.5 abc

6.8 def

3.0 def

132 i-r

35 f-l

3.1 b-i

7.5 a-g

Frontier (T-400)

AT6

7.8 ab

7.0 c-f

3.0 def

121 a-e

50 c-j

3.6 a-e

6.4 f-j

Granero

SS

7.9 a

8.0 ab

1.8 abc

130 f-q

75 abc

3.4 a-h

8.1 ab

Gunnison

BE

7.5 abc

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

130 f-p

85 ab

4.1 a

6.6 d-j

Hercules

SWK6

6.3 c-f

6.5 ef

1.5 ab

132 i-r

20 i-m

2.6 g-j

6.4 f-j

Kodiak

DP

5.5 f

6.8 def

2.3 a-e

138 r-u

10 lm

2.8 f-j

6.5 e-j

Lorenzos

VL

7.3 a-d

7.0 c-f

2.8 c-f

131 g-r

  5 m

3.5 a-g

7.8 a-e

Mercury

PS5

5.5 f

7.0 c-f

2.5 b-f

131 g-r

35 f-l

2.9 e-j

7.3 a-h

Mesquite

DP

7.5 abc

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

146 v

75 abc

3.1 b-i

7.1 a-h

Millennium

SS6

6.8 a-f

7.0 c-f

1.5 ab

131 h-r

95 a

3.4 a-h

6.9 b-i

Mustang

BE4

6.0 def

6.8 def

3.5 f

144 uv

55 b-h

3.5 a-g

6.5 e-j

NIZ-37-32

VL

5.8 ef

7.0 c-f

3.3 ef

131 h-r

30 h-m

3.5 a-g

6.3 g-k

Pathfinder

SWK6

7.3 a-d

7.3 b-e

1.5 ab

123 b-f

25 i-m

3.0 d-j

6.9 b-i

Prince

BE4

7.0 a-e

7.3 b-e

1.5 ab

125 b-h

32 g-m

4.0 ab

6.6 d-j

Ranchero

SS

6.8 a-f

7.8 abc

1.8 abc

135 p-s

85 ab

3.5 a-g

7.9 a-d

Redwing

BE

7.8 ab

8.3 a

1.3 a

132 j-r

52 b-k

3.3 a-i

8.1 abc

Sabroso

SS

7.0 a-e

6.5 ef

2.0 a-d

136 p-t

38 d-l

2.8 e-j

6.9 a-i

Salem

BE4

7.5 abc

7.3 b-e

2.5 b-f

128 e-m

54 b-i

3.9 a-d

7.2 a-h

Sharon

BE

7.5 abc

7.0 c-f

2.3 a-e

125 b-h

40 e-k

4.0 a

6.3 g-k

Sharon

BE4

6.8 a-f

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

128 e-m

40 e-k

4.0 a

6.4 f-j

South Port

DS

6.5 b-f

6.3 f

2.8 c-f

143 tuv

25 i-m

3.3 a-i

3.0 n

Spinnaker

AS4

6.8 a-f

7.3 b-e

1.5 ab

134 m-r

60 b-g

3.1 b-i

6.9 b-i

SS EXP 4391

SS

3.0 g7

7.0 c-f

3.0 def

137 q-t

  7 lm

2.3 j

5.0 klm

SS EXP 4971

SS

6.8 a-f

7.5 a-d

1.8 abc

128 e-n

20 klm

3.3 a-i

7.1 a-h

SS EXP 60539

SS

6.8 a-f

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

127 d-l

38 d-l

3.6 a-f

7.3 a-h

SWO 7074

SWK6

6.5 b-f

7.3 b-e

2.8 c-f

128 e-n

54 b-i

2.5 hij

7.1 a-i

SWO 7144

SWK6

6.0 def

7.0 c-f

2.8 c-f

130 g-q

47 c-k

3.3 a-i

6.9 a-i

SWO 7391

SWK6

6.8 a-f

7.0 c-f

2.3 a-e

133 k-r

75 abc

3.5 a-g

7.6 a-f

SWO 7402

SWK6

6.7 a-f

6.7 def

2.9 c-f

133 l-r

38 d-l

3.5 a-g

6.9 a-i

SWO 7761

SWK6

6.8 a-f

6.8 def

2.5 b-f

133 l-r

65 b-e

2.9 e-j

6.8 c-i

T-418

AT4

6.4 b-f

7.4 a-e

3.5 f

118 ab

25 h-m

4.0 ab

3.9 mn

T-439

AT

7.0 a-e

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

128 f-o

45 c-k

3.3 a-i

7.1 a-i

T-441

AT4

6.8 a-f

7.5 a-d

2.5 b-f

131 g-r

80 ab

3.4 a-h

6.9 b-i

Tenshin

FS

6.3 c-f

7.5 a-d

1.8 abc

131 g-q

55 b-h

3.1 b-i

6.1 h-k

Tequila

DP

7.3 a-d

7.0 c-f

2.3 a-e

141 s-v

55 b-h

3.4 a-h

7.6 a-f

Teton

PS5

7.5 abc

7.8 abc

1.3 a

130 f-p

55 b-h

3.3 a-i

7.6 a-f

Tioga

FS

7.9 a

7.8 abc

1.3 a

125 b-i

55 b-h

3.4 a-h

7.8 a-e

Tradewind

AS4

7.8 ab

8.0 ab

1.3 a

124 b-g

45 d-k

3.1 b-i

7.1 a-h

Uniglobe 108

PS6

7.3 a-d

7.0 c-f

2.0 a-d

135 o-s

70 a-d

3.4 a-h

6.8 c-i

Uniglobe 108

PS5

6.7 a-f

6.9 c-f

2.0 a-d

137 q-u

67 a-f

2.8 e-j

6.3 g-k

Valiant

SS

8.0 a

8.0 ab

1.5 ab

127 d-l

75 abc

3.8 a-d

7.6 a-f

Vantage

PS5

7.5 abc

8.0 ab

1.3 a

120 a-d

65 a-g

3.6 a-f

7.6 a-f

Vaquero

SS

7.0 a-e

7.5 a-d

2.3 a-e

132 j-r

75 abc

3.1 b-i

8.3 a

Winston

BE4

7.0 a-e

6.8 def

1.8 abc

135 n-s

65 b-e

3.9 abc

5.8 ijk

Winston

BE

7.3 a-d

7.0 c-f

2.3 a-e

133 l-r

40 e-k

3.9 abc

6.8 c-i

C. V. (%)

14

9

34

4

45

18

13

Probability

<.0001

0.005

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

0.003

<.0001


1See Appendix A for seed producer code.

2Rating from 0 (no injury) to 10 (all plants dead). Herbicides causing injury were Buctril and Goal.

3Number of days from planting to when half the onion tops had fallen over. This is an indication of maturity.

4,5,6This seed was furnished by, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Norman Haak, or Frontier Seed Company, respectively.

7Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.


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Table 27. Yield and total onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2001 onion hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid

Seed producer1

Onion yield (by bulb size)

Cull weight

Total bulbs

> 4"

3½ to 4"

3 to 3½”

2¼ to 3”

<2¼”

Total

 

-------------------------------------- cwt/acre -----------------------------------------

%

1000s/A

BGS 142

BE2

  0 e5

  29 i-o

  84 i-n

126 d-m

  52 d-m

309 f-n

  5 d-j

108 a-j

BGS 142

BE

  0 e

  11 l-p

  64 l-o

109 f-n

  52 d-l

258 k-p

  1 bcd

  97 e-l

Brahma

SS

  5 de

  31 i-n

125 d-i

173 a-d

  43 g-p

387 d-g

  2 hij

109 a-i

Candy

PS3

  0 e

  17 l-p

  46 n-s

  65 nop

  49 f-m

192 pqr

  5 d-j

  87 h-n

Condor

AT

  2 e

  11 l-p

144 b-g

210 a

  50 e-m

429 b-e

  3 g-j

129 abc

Copra

BE2

  0 e

    2 op

  31 o-t

107 f-n

  69 b-f

214 o-r

  2 hij

  96 e-l

DPSX 1170

DP

  3 e

    2 op

  19 p-t

  94 h-o

  59 d-h

181 pqr

  3 g-j

  86 h-n

Mariner

AS2

  7 de

  60 e-h

131 c-i

179 a-d

  41 g-r

439 a-e

  5 d-j

118 a-g

Festival

BE

  0 e

    7 nop

  65 l-o

155 b-g

  68 b-f

304 h-n

  3 g-j

113 a-h

Frontier (T-400)

AT4

  0 e

    2 op

  11 rst

  89 j-o

110 a

214 o-r

  1 j

131 a

Granero

SS

16 bc

  98 b

199 a

172 a-d

  23 p-s

517 a

  2 ij

120 a-e

Gunnison

BE

  0 e

    5 nop

  58 l-q

140 b-k

  50 d-m

261 j-p

  2 g-j

102 a-k

Hercules

SWK4

  2 e

  15 l-p

  60 l-q

  87 k-o

  22 p-s

223 m-r

15 a

  65 mno

Kodiak

DP

  5 de

  49 e-i

107 f-k

104 g-n

  25 n-s

320 f-l

  8 c-g

  84 i-n

Lorenzos

VL

  0 e

  44 f-k

151 b-e

138 c-k

  29 m-s

386 d-g

  7 d-i

  10 e-k

Mercury

PS3

  5 de

  58 e-h

123 d-i

  83 l-o

  21 qrs

302 h-n

  4 d-j

  77 k-n

Mesquite

DP

  6 de

101 b

160 a-d

172 a-d

  29 l-s

508 ab

  7 d-h

119 a-e

Millennium

SS4

  0 e

    8 m-p

  51 m-r

119 e-m

  56 d-j

248 k-q

  7 d-i

  94 e-m

Mustang

BE2

  0 e

    3 op

  41 n-s

162 a-e

  50 e-m

280 i-o

  9 b-f

106 a-j

NIZ-37-32

VL

  0 e

    6 nop

  59 l-q

126 d-l

  44 g-p

241 l-q

  2 hij

  89 g-n

Pathfinder

SWK4

  0 e

  37 g-l

109 f-j

127 d-l

  36 i-s

328 f-l

  5 d-j

  94 e-n

Prince

BE2

  0 e

  13 l-p

  63 k-p

126 d-m

  55 d-k

263 j-p

  2 hij

102 a-k

Ranchero

SS

46 a

146 a

166 a-d

  86 i-o

  18 rs

477 abc

  3 f-j

  93 e-n

Redwing

BE

  4 de

  48 e-j

156 a-e

189 abc

  35 h-s

447 a-e

  4 d-j

118 a-g

Sabroso

SS

  0 e

  28 i-o

102 f-l

  10 g-o

  17 rs

256 k-p

  3 g-j

  68 l-o

Salem

BE2

  0 e

    6 m-p

  70 j-o

178 a-d

  65 b-g

326 f-l

  2 hij

120 a-f

Sharon

BE

  0 e

    0 p

    6 st

134 c-l

  88 ab

232 m-q

  2 ij

116 a-g

Sharon

BE2

  0 e

    0 p

  18 q-t

126 d-m

  69 b-f

218 o-r

  2 hij

100 d-k

South Port

DS

  0 e

    0 p

    0 t

  17 p

  63 c-g

 92 s

13 ab

  80 j-n

Spinnaker

AS2

  0 e

  23 i-p

  41 n-s

  94 h-o

  55 d-j

223 n-r

  5 d-j

  89 g-n

SS EXP 4391

SS

  0 e5

  27 i-o

  46 n-s

  47 op

  17 rs

146 rs

  6 d-i

  39 o

SS EXP 4971

SS

  2 e

  72 cde

116 e-i

103 g-n

  20 rs

345 f-j

  7 d-h

  80 j-n

SS EXP 60539

SS

  0 e

  27 i-p

  94 h-m

100 g-o

  12 s

258 j-p

  9 b-f

  64 no

SWO 7074

SWK4

11 cd

  93 bcd

120 d-i

  97 h-o

  29 k-s

387 c-h

  9 b-f

  93 e-n

SWO 7144

SWK4

  0 e

    5 nop

  43 n-t

127 d-l

  43 g-q

244 k-q

  5 d-j

  91 e-n

SWO 7391

SWK4

  5 de

  48 e-i

139 b-h

135 c-l

  34 j-s

375 d-h

  4 e-j

101 c-k

SWO 7402

SWK4

  0 e

  12 l-p

  60 l-q

129 c-m

  47 f-o

263 j-p

  5 d-j

  89 f-n

SWO 7761

SWK4

  0 e

  34 h-m

  96 i-l

130 d-l

  36 i-s

322 f-k

  9 b-e

  94 e-m

T-418

AT2

  0 e

    3 nop

    9 rst

  69 m-p

  75 bcd

162 qrs

  3 g-j

101 b-k

T-439

AT

  0 e

  20 j-p

143 b-g

180 a-d

  48 f-o

395 c-f

  1 hij

118 a-g

T-441

AT2

  0 e

    3 op

  38 o-t

159 a-f

  72 b-e

280 i-o

  3 g-j

117 a-f

Tenshin

FS

  0 e

    7 nop

  58 l-q

134 c-l

  49 f-m

259 k-p

  4 e-j

  94 e-n

Tequila

DP

22 b

  64 d-g

177 ab

192 ab

  29 m-s

520 a

  6 d-i

128 a-d

Teton

PS3

  3 de

  49 e-i

173 abc

169 a-e

  24 o-s

428 b-e

  2 hij

105 a-j

Tioga

FS

  3 de

  18 k-p

117 e-i

191 ab

  37 h-r

387 d-g

  5 d-j

118 a-f

Tradewind

AS2

  0 e

  16 l-p

  63 l-o

162 a-e

  57 d-i

306 g-m

  3 g-j

114 a-h

Uniglobe 108

PS4

  0 e

  15 l-p

  68 k-o

142 b-i

  48 f-n

301 h-n

  9 bcd

103 b-k

Uniglobe 108

PS3

  0 e

  24 i-p

  91 i-m

120 d-n

  36 h-s

311 f-m

13 abc

  99 c-l

Valiant

SS

  4 de

  66 def

156 b-e

166 a-e

  48 f-n

450 a-d

  2 hij

129 ab

Vantage

PS3

  4 de

  28 i-p

100 g-l

166 a-e

  55 d-k

360 e-i

  2 hij

118 a-g

Vaquero

SS

16 bc

  94 bc

147 b-f

140 b-j

  23 p-s

434 b-e

  4 g-j

100 d-k

Winston

BE2

  0 e

    0 p

    9 st

105 g-n

  83 bc

205 o-r

  4 f-j

108 a-i

Winston

BE

  0 e

    2 op

  32 o-t

142 b-h

  69 b-f

258 k-p

  5 d-j

108 a-i

C. V. (%)

164

63

34

29

34

19

75

20

Probability

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001

<.0001


1See appendix A for seed producer codes.

2,3,4This seed was furnished by, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Norman Haak, or Frontier Seed Company, respectively.

5Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.


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