Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
ONION HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 2001
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Delores Anderson
Table 26. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions
Table 27. Yield and total onions
Onions grow well in North Dakota. Growers are producing mostly yellow sweet Spanish onions and some storage onions.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Soil: |
Maddock sandy loam and Embden Sandy Loam; pH=7.5; 2.0% organic matter; soil-P was very high; soil-K was high; soil-S was very low. |
Previous crops: |
2000 - tomato, pepper and sweet corn; 1999 - cabbage; 1998 - field corn. |
Seedbed preparation: |
Disked on April 25. Multiweeded (field cultivated) on April 26 to incorporate fertilizer and smooth the seedbed. |
Planting: |
Direct seeded onions (200,000 seeds/acre) on April 25 with a Stanhay vegetable planter modified to drill a barley cover crop (1 bu/acre, 6 inch rows). Planted in paired rows (3" apart), with the paired rows on 16" centers. Sprayed Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre) on May 25 to kill the barley cover crop. |
Plots: |
Plots were 3 ft (two paired rows) wide by 17 ft long. The study had 4 reps. |
Fertilizer: |
On April 19, broadcast 10 lbs N/acre and 50 lbs P2O5/acre as 10-50-0 and 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 25. Fertigated 35 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 26. |
Irrigation: |
Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed. |
Pest control: |
Weeds were controlled with: Prowl (1.5 pt/acre on May 18 and June 19); Buctril and Goal (1.5 and 0.6 pt/acre on June 12); Poast + Dash (1.5 pt + 1 pt/acre on July 5 and spot applied 2 pt + 1 pt/acre on July 19) and hand weeding. We sprayed Bravo (1.5 pt/acre on July 12; 3 pt/acre on July 17 and Aug 27), Ridomil MZ72 (2.5 lb/acre on July 24 and Aug 16) and Maneb (2 lb/acre on Aug 8) to control diseases. No insect control needed. |
Harvest: |
Pulled onions from Sept 4 to Sept 17 (approximately 2 weeks after half-down date). Onions were allowed to dry in the field for about two weeks, then were bagged and moved to a shed. The onions were graded Oct 12 to Oct 24. |
The hybrids Tequila, Granero, Mesquite and Ranchero had the highest yields over 4 inches and also the highest total yields. Ranchero, Granero, Mesquite, Tequila and Vaquero had the highest yields of 3-4 inch onions. Condor, Tequila, Tioga and Redwing had the highest yield of 2.25-3 inch onions. Milliniun, Gunnison, Ranchero and T-441 had the highest percentage of single centers. South Port and Candy had low yields and quality.
Go to top of onion performance trial report
Table 26. Early vigor, maturity, and quality of onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2001 onion performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed producer1 |
June 15 stand |
June 15 vigor |
Herbicide injury2 |
Days to half-down3 |
Single centers |
Uniformity |
Overall score |
|
------------------ 1 to 10 ----------------- |
|
% |
1 to 5 |
1 to 10 |
|||
BGS 142 |
BE4 |
7.0 a-e7 |
7.5 a-d |
2.5 b-f |
127 e-m |
18 j-m |
2.8 e-j |
6.8 c-i |
BGS 142 |
BE |
6.8 a-f |
6.5 ef |
2.0 a-d |
133 l-r |
5 m |
3.0 d-j |
5.8 ijk |
Brahma |
SS |
7.3 a-d |
8.0 ab |
1.5 ab |
119 abc |
40 e-k |
3.1 b-i |
7.5 a-g |
Candy |
PS5 |
7.0 a-e |
7.3 b-e |
3.0 def |
126 b-j |
45 d-k |
2.5 ij |
4.1 lmn |
Condor |
AT |
7.5 abc |
7.5 a-d |
2.8 c-f |
127 d-l |
35 f-l |
3.8 a-d |
7.8 a-e |
Copra |
BE4 |
6.3 c-f |
7.3 b-e |
2.3 a-e |
126 c-k |
30 h-m |
3.9 abc |
6.1 h-k |
DPSX 1170 |
DP |
6.5 b-f |
7.0 c-f |
3.0 def |
116 a |
20 klm |
3.6 a-e |
5.4 jkl |
Mariner |
AS4 |
6.8 a-f |
7.0 c-f |
1.5 ab |
131 g-q |
27 h-m |
3.0 c-j |
7.1 a-i |
Festival |
BE |
7.5 abc |
6.8 def |
3.0 def |
132 i-r |
35 f-l |
3.1 b-i |
7.5 a-g |
Frontier (T-400) |
AT6 |
7.8 ab |
7.0 c-f |
3.0 def |
121 a-e |
50 c-j |
3.6 a-e |
6.4 f-j |
Granero |
SS |
7.9 a |
8.0 ab |
1.8 abc |
130 f-q |
75 abc |
3.4 a-h |
8.1 ab |
Gunnison |
BE |
7.5 abc |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
130 f-p |
85 ab |
4.1 a |
6.6 d-j |
Hercules |
SWK6 |
6.3 c-f |
6.5 ef |
1.5 ab |
132 i-r |
20 i-m |
2.6 g-j |
6.4 f-j |
Kodiak |
DP |
5.5 f |
6.8 def |
2.3 a-e |
138 r-u |
10 lm |
2.8 f-j |
6.5 e-j |
Lorenzos |
VL |
7.3 a-d |
7.0 c-f |
2.8 c-f |
131 g-r |
5 m |
3.5 a-g |
7.8 a-e |
Mercury |
PS5 |
5.5 f |
7.0 c-f |
2.5 b-f |
131 g-r |
35 f-l |
2.9 e-j |
7.3 a-h |
Mesquite |
DP |
7.5 abc |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
146 v |
75 abc |
3.1 b-i |
7.1 a-h |
Millennium |
SS6 |
6.8 a-f |
7.0 c-f |
1.5 ab |
131 h-r |
95 a |
3.4 a-h |
6.9 b-i |
Mustang |
BE4 |
6.0 def |
6.8 def |
3.5 f |
144 uv |
55 b-h |
3.5 a-g |
6.5 e-j |
NIZ-37-32 |
VL |
5.8 ef |
7.0 c-f |
3.3 ef |
131 h-r |
30 h-m |
3.5 a-g |
6.3 g-k |
Pathfinder |
SWK6 |
7.3 a-d |
7.3 b-e |
1.5 ab |
123 b-f |
25 i-m |
3.0 d-j |
6.9 b-i |
Prince |
BE4 |
7.0 a-e |
7.3 b-e |
1.5 ab |
125 b-h |
32 g-m |
4.0 ab |
6.6 d-j |
Ranchero |
SS |
6.8 a-f |
7.8 abc |
1.8 abc |
135 p-s |
85 ab |
3.5 a-g |
7.9 a-d |
Redwing |
BE |
7.8 ab |
8.3 a |
1.3 a |
132 j-r |
52 b-k |
3.3 a-i |
8.1 abc |
Sabroso |
SS |
7.0 a-e |
6.5 ef |
2.0 a-d |
136 p-t |
38 d-l |
2.8 e-j |
6.9 a-i |
Salem |
BE4 |
7.5 abc |
7.3 b-e |
2.5 b-f |
128 e-m |
54 b-i |
3.9 a-d |
7.2 a-h |
Sharon |
BE |
7.5 abc |
7.0 c-f |
2.3 a-e |
125 b-h |
40 e-k |
4.0 a |
6.3 g-k |
Sharon |
BE4 |
6.8 a-f |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
128 e-m |
40 e-k |
4.0 a |
6.4 f-j |
South Port |
DS |
6.5 b-f |
6.3 f |
2.8 c-f |
143 tuv |
25 i-m |
3.3 a-i |
3.0 n |
Spinnaker |
AS4 |
6.8 a-f |
7.3 b-e |
1.5 ab |
134 m-r |
60 b-g |
3.1 b-i |
6.9 b-i |
SS EXP 4391 |
SS |
3.0 g7 |
7.0 c-f |
3.0 def |
137 q-t |
7 lm |
2.3 j |
5.0 klm |
SS EXP 4971 |
SS |
6.8 a-f |
7.5 a-d |
1.8 abc |
128 e-n |
20 klm |
3.3 a-i |
7.1 a-h |
SS EXP 60539 |
SS |
6.8 a-f |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
127 d-l |
38 d-l |
3.6 a-f |
7.3 a-h |
SWO 7074 |
SWK6 |
6.5 b-f |
7.3 b-e |
2.8 c-f |
128 e-n |
54 b-i |
2.5 hij |
7.1 a-i |
SWO 7144 |
SWK6 |
6.0 def |
7.0 c-f |
2.8 c-f |
130 g-q |
47 c-k |
3.3 a-i |
6.9 a-i |
SWO 7391 |
SWK6 |
6.8 a-f |
7.0 c-f |
2.3 a-e |
133 k-r |
75 abc |
3.5 a-g |
7.6 a-f |
SWO 7402 |
SWK6 |
6.7 a-f |
6.7 def |
2.9 c-f |
133 l-r |
38 d-l |
3.5 a-g |
6.9 a-i |
SWO 7761 |
SWK6 |
6.8 a-f |
6.8 def |
2.5 b-f |
133 l-r |
65 b-e |
2.9 e-j |
6.8 c-i |
T-418 |
AT4 |
6.4 b-f |
7.4 a-e |
3.5 f |
118 ab |
25 h-m |
4.0 ab |
3.9 mn |
T-439 |
AT |
7.0 a-e |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
128 f-o |
45 c-k |
3.3 a-i |
7.1 a-i |
T-441 |
AT4 |
6.8 a-f |
7.5 a-d |
2.5 b-f |
131 g-r |
80 ab |
3.4 a-h |
6.9 b-i |
Tenshin |
FS |
6.3 c-f |
7.5 a-d |
1.8 abc |
131 g-q |
55 b-h |
3.1 b-i |
6.1 h-k |
Tequila |
DP |
7.3 a-d |
7.0 c-f |
2.3 a-e |
141 s-v |
55 b-h |
3.4 a-h |
7.6 a-f |
Teton |
PS5 |
7.5 abc |
7.8 abc |
1.3 a |
130 f-p |
55 b-h |
3.3 a-i |
7.6 a-f |
Tioga |
FS |
7.9 a |
7.8 abc |
1.3 a |
125 b-i |
55 b-h |
3.4 a-h |
7.8 a-e |
Tradewind |
AS4 |
7.8 ab |
8.0 ab |
1.3 a |
124 b-g |
45 d-k |
3.1 b-i |
7.1 a-h |
Uniglobe 108 |
PS6 |
7.3 a-d |
7.0 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
135 o-s |
70 a-d |
3.4 a-h |
6.8 c-i |
Uniglobe 108 |
PS5 |
6.7 a-f |
6.9 c-f |
2.0 a-d |
137 q-u |
67 a-f |
2.8 e-j |
6.3 g-k |
Valiant |
SS |
8.0 a |
8.0 ab |
1.5 ab |
127 d-l |
75 abc |
3.8 a-d |
7.6 a-f |
Vantage |
PS5 |
7.5 abc |
8.0 ab |
1.3 a |
120 a-d |
65 a-g |
3.6 a-f |
7.6 a-f |
Vaquero |
SS |
7.0 a-e |
7.5 a-d |
2.3 a-e |
132 j-r |
75 abc |
3.1 b-i |
8.3 a |
Winston |
BE4 |
7.0 a-e |
6.8 def |
1.8 abc |
135 n-s |
65 b-e |
3.9 abc |
5.8 ijk |
Winston |
BE |
7.3 a-d |
7.0 c-f |
2.3 a-e |
133 l-r |
40 e-k |
3.9 abc |
6.8 c-i |
C. V. (%) |
14 |
9 |
34 |
4 |
45 |
18 |
13 |
|
Probability |
<.0001 |
0.005 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
0.003 |
<.0001 |
1See Appendix A for seed producer code.
2Rating from 0 (no injury) to 10 (all plants dead). Herbicides causing injury were Buctril and Goal.
3Number of days from planting to when half the onion tops had fallen over. This is an indication of maturity.
4,5,6This seed was furnished by, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Norman Haak, or Frontier Seed Company, respectively.
7Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
Go to top of onion performance trial report
Table 27. Yield and total onions in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2001 onion hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid |
Seed producer1 |
Onion yield (by bulb size) |
Cull weight |
Total bulbs |
|||||
> 4" |
3½ to 4" |
3 to 3½” |
2¼ to 3” |
<2¼” |
Total |
||||
|
-------------------------------------- cwt/acre ----------------------------------------- |
% |
1000s/A |
||||||
BGS 142 |
BE2 |
0 e5 |
29 i-o |
84 i-n |
126 d-m |
52 d-m |
309 f-n |
5 d-j |
108 a-j |
BGS 142 |
BE |
0 e |
11 l-p |
64 l-o |
109 f-n |
52 d-l |
258 k-p |
1 bcd |
97 e-l |
Brahma |
SS |
5 de |
31 i-n |
125 d-i |
173 a-d |
43 g-p |
387 d-g |
2 hij |
109 a-i |
Candy |
PS3 |
0 e |
17 l-p |
46 n-s |
65 nop |
49 f-m |
192 pqr |
5 d-j |
87 h-n |
Condor |
AT |
2 e |
11 l-p |
144 b-g |
210 a |
50 e-m |
429 b-e |
3 g-j |
129 abc |
Copra |
BE2 |
0 e |
2 op |
31 o-t |
107 f-n |
69 b-f |
214 o-r |
2 hij |
96 e-l |
DPSX 1170 |
DP |
3 e |
2 op |
19 p-t |
94 h-o |
59 d-h |
181 pqr |
3 g-j |
86 h-n |
Mariner |
AS2 |
7 de |
60 e-h |
131 c-i |
179 a-d |
41 g-r |
439 a-e |
5 d-j |
118 a-g |
Festival |
BE |
0 e |
7 nop |
65 l-o |
155 b-g |
68 b-f |
304 h-n |
3 g-j |
113 a-h |
Frontier (T-400) |
AT4 |
0 e |
2 op |
11 rst |
89 j-o |
110 a |
214 o-r |
1 j |
131 a |
Granero |
SS |
16 bc |
98 b |
199 a |
172 a-d |
23 p-s |
517 a |
2 ij |
120 a-e |
Gunnison |
BE |
0 e |
5 nop |
58 l-q |
140 b-k |
50 d-m |
261 j-p |
2 g-j |
102 a-k |
Hercules |
SWK4 |
2 e |
15 l-p |
60 l-q |
87 k-o |
22 p-s |
223 m-r |
15 a |
65 mno |
Kodiak |
DP |
5 de |
49 e-i |
107 f-k |
104 g-n |
25 n-s |
320 f-l |
8 c-g |
84 i-n |
Lorenzos |
VL |
0 e |
44 f-k |
151 b-e |
138 c-k |
29 m-s |
386 d-g |
7 d-i |
10 e-k |
Mercury |
PS3 |
5 de |
58 e-h |
123 d-i |
83 l-o |
21 qrs |
302 h-n |
4 d-j |
77 k-n |
Mesquite |
DP |
6 de |
101 b |
160 a-d |
172 a-d |
29 l-s |
508 ab |
7 d-h |
119 a-e |
Millennium |
SS4 |
0 e |
8 m-p |
51 m-r |
119 e-m |
56 d-j |
248 k-q |
7 d-i |
94 e-m |
Mustang |
BE2 |
0 e |
3 op |
41 n-s |
162 a-e |
50 e-m |
280 i-o |
9 b-f |
106 a-j |
NIZ-37-32 |
VL |
0 e |
6 nop |
59 l-q |
126 d-l |
44 g-p |
241 l-q |
2 hij |
89 g-n |
Pathfinder |
SWK4 |
0 e |
37 g-l |
109 f-j |
127 d-l |
36 i-s |
328 f-l |
5 d-j |
94 e-n |
Prince |
BE2 |
0 e |
13 l-p |
63 k-p |
126 d-m |
55 d-k |
263 j-p |
2 hij |
102 a-k |
Ranchero |
SS |
46 a |
146 a |
166 a-d |
86 i-o |
18 rs |
477 abc |
3 f-j |
93 e-n |
Redwing |
BE |
4 de |
48 e-j |
156 a-e |
189 abc |
35 h-s |
447 a-e |
4 d-j |
118 a-g |
Sabroso |
SS |
0 e |
28 i-o |
102 f-l |
10 g-o |
17 rs |
256 k-p |
3 g-j |
68 l-o |
Salem |
BE2 |
0 e |
6 m-p |
70 j-o |
178 a-d |
65 b-g |
326 f-l |
2 hij |
120 a-f |
Sharon |
BE |
0 e |
0 p |
6 st |
134 c-l |
88 ab |
232 m-q |
2 ij |
116 a-g |
Sharon |
BE2 |
0 e |
0 p |
18 q-t |
126 d-m |
69 b-f |
218 o-r |
2 hij |
100 d-k |
South Port |
DS |
0 e |
0 p |
0 t |
17 p |
63 c-g |
92 s |
13 ab |
80 j-n |
Spinnaker |
AS2 |
0 e |
23 i-p |
41 n-s |
94 h-o |
55 d-j |
223 n-r |
5 d-j |
89 g-n |
SS EXP 4391 |
SS |
0 e5 |
27 i-o |
46 n-s |
47 op |
17 rs |
146 rs |
6 d-i |
39 o |
SS EXP 4971 |
SS |
2 e |
72 cde |
116 e-i |
103 g-n |
20 rs |
345 f-j |
7 d-h |
80 j-n |
SS EXP 60539 |
SS |
0 e |
27 i-p |
94 h-m |
100 g-o |
12 s |
258 j-p |
9 b-f |
64 no |
SWO 7074 |
SWK4 |
11 cd |
93 bcd |
120 d-i |
97 h-o |
29 k-s |
387 c-h |
9 b-f |
93 e-n |
SWO 7144 |
SWK4 |
0 e |
5 nop |
43 n-t |
127 d-l |
43 g-q |
244 k-q |
5 d-j |
91 e-n |
SWO 7391 |
SWK4 |
5 de |
48 e-i |
139 b-h |
135 c-l |
34 j-s |
375 d-h |
4 e-j |
101 c-k |
SWO 7402 |
SWK4 |
0 e |
12 l-p |
60 l-q |
129 c-m |
47 f-o |
263 j-p |
5 d-j |
89 f-n |
SWO 7761 |
SWK4 |
0 e |
34 h-m |
96 i-l |
130 d-l |
36 i-s |
322 f-k |
9 b-e |
94 e-m |
T-418 |
AT2 |
0 e |
3 nop |
9 rst |
69 m-p |
75 bcd |
162 qrs |
3 g-j |
101 b-k |
T-439 |
AT |
0 e |
20 j-p |
143 b-g |
180 a-d |
48 f-o |
395 c-f |
1 hij |
118 a-g |
T-441 |
AT2 |
0 e |
3 op |
38 o-t |
159 a-f |
72 b-e |
280 i-o |
3 g-j |
117 a-f |
Tenshin |
FS |
0 e |
7 nop |
58 l-q |
134 c-l |
49 f-m |
259 k-p |
4 e-j |
94 e-n |
Tequila |
DP |
22 b |
64 d-g |
177 ab |
192 ab |
29 m-s |
520 a |
6 d-i |
128 a-d |
Teton |
PS3 |
3 de |
49 e-i |
173 abc |
169 a-e |
24 o-s |
428 b-e |
2 hij |
105 a-j |
Tioga |
FS |
3 de |
18 k-p |
117 e-i |
191 ab |
37 h-r |
387 d-g |
5 d-j |
118 a-f |
Tradewind |
AS2 |
0 e |
16 l-p |
63 l-o |
162 a-e |
57 d-i |
306 g-m |
3 g-j |
114 a-h |
Uniglobe 108 |
PS4 |
0 e |
15 l-p |
68 k-o |
142 b-i |
48 f-n |
301 h-n |
9 bcd |
103 b-k |
Uniglobe 108 |
PS3 |
0 e |
24 i-p |
91 i-m |
120 d-n |
36 h-s |
311 f-m |
13 abc |
99 c-l |
Valiant |
SS |
4 de |
66 def |
156 b-e |
166 a-e |
48 f-n |
450 a-d |
2 hij |
129 ab |
Vantage |
PS3 |
4 de |
28 i-p |
100 g-l |
166 a-e |
55 d-k |
360 e-i |
2 hij |
118 a-g |
Vaquero |
SS |
16 bc |
94 bc |
147 b-f |
140 b-j |
23 p-s |
434 b-e |
4 g-j |
100 d-k |
Winston |
BE2 |
0 e |
0 p |
9 st |
105 g-n |
83 bc |
205 o-r |
4 f-j |
108 a-i |
Winston |
BE |
0 e |
2 op |
32 o-t |
142 b-h |
69 b-f |
258 k-p |
5 d-j |
108 a-i |
C. V. (%) |
164 |
63 |
34 |
29 |
34 |
19 |
75 |
20 |
|
Probability |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
<.0001 |
1See appendix A for seed producer codes.
2,3,4This seed was furnished by, Keithly-Williams Seeds, Norman Haak, or Frontier Seed Company, respectively.
5Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
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