Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
WHITE MOLD CONTROL IN EDIBLE BEAN, 2001 STUDIES
Pat Gross and Luis del Rio, NDSU Plant Pathology Department
This file contains the basic materials and methods for four studies. The links contain the results of each of the four studies and some materials and methods unique to each.
Calcium used alone and in combination with topsin to reduce white mold in dry bean
Topsin for white mold control in pinto bean
Bas51002 and BAS516UDF for white mold control in pinto bean
Phoenix and Cobra for white mold control in edible bean
Four field trials were conducted at the Oakes Irrigation Research Site to test white mold control in edible bean. Procedures common to all four studies are given here. Information on specific treatments is given with each study.
The soil for these experiments was an Embden loam, pH of 7.5, and 2.1% soil organic matter. Treflan was applied preplant incorporated at 1 pt/acre on May 14. Certified 'Buster' pinto bean was planted on May 15 in a field with soil type Emden loam. Bean seeds were planted in four-row plots with rows 30 inches apart. Each plot was 20 ft long which included a 3 ft buffer area at the end of each plot. Seeds were planted to a depth of 1.5 inches using John Deere flexiplanters fitted with standard hoppers. In-row seed spacing was approximately 2.5 inches. The planting population was 82,000 seeds per acre. At planting, soil moisture was adequate and soil temperature was 70°F. Dual II was applied pre-emergence at 1.5 pt/acre on May 16. Basagran herbicide was applied post emergence to control broadleaf weeds. Herbicides along with cultivation and hand weeding provided good weed control. The plots were overhead sprinkler irrigated as needed throughout the growing season. Additional irrigation was applied from bud to pod set to enhance white mold development. Fungicide treatments were mixed in Fargo tap water (previously adjusted to pH 7.0 with HCl and/or NaOH) and applied within 2 hr of mixing. Spray applications were applied using a CO2 backpack sprayer with a 10 ft boom, set to deliver 37 gal/acre at 35 psi. The sprayer was setup with drop nozzles (Teejet 8001) to spray the top and sides of each row, thus the center two rows received three sprays each.
Percent incidence was measured by placing a 10 ft rod arbitrarily between the center two rows of each plot. The rod was marked in 1 ft increments and the presence of disease was recorded if the imaginary visual plane at each mark passing through each row transected diseased material. Thus, 20 evaluations were made on each plot on each date. White mold severity was evaluated at the same site and time as incidence. At each site plants were rated for white mold. The rating scale was 0-5: (0 =0%), (1 = 5%), (2 = 15%), (3 = 40%), (4 = 65%), (5 = 85%) infection. This rating scale is a modification of Horsfall-Barrat 11-point scale that recognizes exponential differences in severity evaluations. Means from severity were calculated only from plants with white mold. Plots were harvested on August 22 or 23. All of the plants in 10 ft of the center two rows (=20 linear ft) of each plot were pulled up or clipped from their roots and collected in burlap bags. Plants in bags were dried in forced air driers at 120o F for approximately 5 days. Beans were threshed using a belt thrasher (Seedburo). Final cleaning was with a blower fan and hand picking. Bean moisture was determined on a Dickey-John moisture tester. Since the moisture on all samples was uniformly near 8%, the yields are reported as nonadjusted weights. Statistical analysis was done using the SAS ANOVA procedure. Alpha levels of 0.05 were used for all evaluations. LSD values were calculated and used for mean comparisons for incidence, severity and yield.
Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2001 annual report
Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site disease studies