Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

CARROT HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 2000

Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann and Heidi Eslinger


Results summary

Table 11. Carrot emergence scores.

Table 12. Carrot yields in the cut and peel carrot trial.

Table 13. Root characteristics for carrots in the cut and peel carrot trial.

Table 14. Carrot yields in the cello carrot trial.

Table 15. Root characteristics for carrots in the cello carrot trial.

Table 16. Carrot yields in the processing carrot trial.

Table 17. Root characteristics for carrots in the processing carrot trial.


In North Dakota, carrots grow very well. Carrots have greater commercial production potential than any other vegetable except potatoes. We tested cut and peel baby carrots, cello type carrots and processing types.


MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil: Embden loam; pH=7.1; 2.6% organic matter; soil-P, soil-K and soil-S were very high.
Previous crop: 1999 - pepper; 1998 - canola; 1997 - edible beans.
Seedbed Preparation: Disked on 29 October 1999. Multiweeded (field cultivated) once on April 4. Deep chiseled on April 29. Multiweeded twice on May 4 to incorporate herbicide.
Planting: Direct seeded on May 17 with a Stanhay vegetable planter. Planting pattern for all carrots was paired rows (3 inches between rows (lines) in the pair). Planting rate was about 800,000 seeds/acre for cello, 500,000 seeds/acre for the processing carrots, and 1.2 million seeds/acre for the cut and peel carrots.
Fertilizer: On April 4, broadcast 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Applied 40 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on May 1. Fertigated 88 lbs N/acre on July 13.
Plots: Plots were 17 ft long by 3 ft wide (two paired rows plus the wheel track). There were 4 reps.
Irrigation: Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed.
Pest control: Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1.5 pt/acre on May 4), Lorox (1 lb/acre on May 5 and 2 lb/acre on June 12), Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 1 pt/25 gal on June 5). We sprayed Sevin (1 qt/acre on Aug 9 and Aug 26) and Asana (8 oz/acre on June 30, July 6, July 14, July 20, July 26, Aug 3, and Aug 18) to control leafhopper.
Harvest: The cut and peel baby carrots and cello carrots were harvested three times; July 13-14, July 19, and Aug 3 for the cut and peel baby carrots, and July 26, Aug 4, and Aug 18 for the cello carrots. The processing carrots were harvested on Oct 4 and 5. Harvest area was two rows wide by three ft long for all carrots.

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RESULTS


Primecut 59 was the best early carrot in the cut and peel trial. SCX 3293 was a later carrot with good yields. Of the cello and processing type carrots, Bolero had the highest yields and the best percentage of US #1 carrots. It was also the fattest carrot. Navajo was also a good processing type carrot.


Table 11. Emergence scores1 for the 2000 carrot performance trials.
Name Seed source2 Carrot planted as:
cut and peel3 cello3 processing3
--------------------- 1 to 10 --------------------
Apache SS - 7.3 bc4 7.8 bcd
Bolero VL - 8.3 a 8.8 a
Crispy PS - 8.0 ab 8.3 ab
Enterprise PS - 7.3 bc 7.3 cde
Navajo SS - 8.3 a 8.0 abc
PS 140395 PS - 7.3 bc 7.3 cde
Sunrise CR - 7.8 ab 7.0 de
Tripleplay 58 SS - 6.8 c 6.5 e
Primecut 59 SS 8.3 ab - -
PX 103397 PS 7.8 bc - -
PX 711016 PS 9.0 a - -
Sugarsnax 54 JS 7.3 c - -
Sugarsnax 54 SS 7.5 bc - -
SXC 3293 SS 8.0 bc - -
C. V. (%) 8 8 8
Probability 0.02 0.015 0.0011

1The higher the score, the better the stand.

2See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

3Carrots to be evaluated as cut and peel, cello, and processing carrots were planted at 1.2 million, 0.8 million, and 0.5 million seeds per acre, respectively.

4Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 12. US #1 and total carrot yield for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cut and peel carrot performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 US #1 carrots Total yield Total roots
yield (by root diameter) % of total yield
>13/16" 3/4 to 13/16" 5/8 to 3/4" 3/8 to 5/8" total
------------------- tons/acre ------------------- % tons/acre 1000s/acre
Harvested July 13
Primecut 59 SS 0.6 b2 3.2 4.6 8.4 81 a 10.3 543 bc
PX 103397 PS 0.7 b 2.2 3.7 6.7 65 cd 10.2 678 ab
PX 711016 PS 0.1 b 1.0 5.1 6.2 60 d 10.3 760 a
Sugarsnax 54 JS 1.9 a 2.6 2.9 7.3 72 b 10.1 421 c
Sugarsnax 54 SS 0.1 b 2.2 4.6 6.9 69 bc 10.1 605 abc
SXC 3293 SS 0.0 b 1.3 5.8 7.1 71 bc 10.0 664 ab
C.V (%) 124 54 34 17 6 12 20
Probability 0.02 0.12 0.17 0.21 0.0002 0.998 0.02
Harvested July 19
Primecut 59 SS 1.7 ab 3.4 a 3.5 2.3 10.8 80 13.5 507 bc
PX 103397 PS 0.5 bc 2.1 bc 3.2 2.4 8.3 69 12.0 629 ab
PX 711016 PS 0.1 c 1.0 d 3.8 3.8 8.7 69 12.6 720 a
Sugarsnax 54 JS 2.1 a 2.4 b 3.2 1.5 9.1 69 13.2 439 c
Sugarsnax 54 SS 1.0 abc 2.2 bc 2.9 2.3 8.4 67 12.5 542 bc
SXC 3293 SS 0.1 c 1.3 cd 3.9 3.9 9.2 74 12.3 626 ab
C. V. (%) 104 33 36 44 17 10 11 19
Probability 0.048 0.002 0.84 0.07 0.28 0.13 0.71 0.03
Harvested August 3
Primecut 59 SS 4.9 ab 4.9 2.5 0.5 c 12.7 70 18.2 381 c
PX 103397 PS 5.7 a 3.5 2.7 1.1 bc 12.9 60 21.5 592 a
PX 711016 PS 2.8 b 3.4 3.1 1.7 ab 11.1 62 17.6 600 a
Sugarsnax 54 JS 6.7 a 4.5 2.1 0.8 bc 14.1 64 21.8 430 bc
Sugarsnax 54 SS 5.3 ab 3.7 3.2 1.2 bc 13.3 66 20.1 536 ab
SXC 3293 SS 2.5 b 4.9 4.7 2.4 a 14.5 72 20.1 624 a
C. V. (%) 40 30 35 52 15 9 10 17
Probability 0.04 0.32 0.053 0.014 0.24 0.08 0.055 0.006

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Values in the same column and harvest date followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No letters in column mean no significant differences between values in that column and harvest date.

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Table 13. Root characteristics for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cut and peel carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color2 Core color2 Con- trast3 Uni- formity Overall score US #1 size
% ---------- inches ---------- --- 1 to 4 ---- ---- 1 to 5 --- 1 to 10 oz/root
Harvested July 13
Primecut 59 SS 10 a4 8.3 0.78 0.38 2.6 a 2.3 3.8 2.4 6.4 b 0.7 b
PX 103397 PS 23 bc 8.1 0.77 0.37 2.6 a 2.5 3.5 2.4 6.4 b 0.6 bc
PX 711016 PS 27 c 8.1 0.70 0.31 2.5 ab 2.4 3.8 2.4 6.4 b 0.5 c
Sugarsnax 54 JS 18 b 8.4 0.79 0.39 2.0 b 2.1 4.0 2.4 6.9 a 0.9 a
Sugarsnax 54 SS 16 ab 8.2 0.72 0.36 2.6 a 2.4 3.5 2.5 6.4 b 0.6 bc
SXC 3293 SS 16 ab 8.6 0.71 0.31 3.0 a 2.9 3.3 2.3 6.4 b 0.6 bc
C.V (%) 26 9 10 12 14 14 13 9 3 14
Probability 0.003 0.89 0.39 0.08 0.04 0.10 0.31 0.70 0.02 0.0009
Harvested July 19
Primecut 59 SS 11 9.2 a 0.81 0.38 2.8 2.8 3.5 2.5 6.6 1.0 a
PX 103397 PS 21 9.0 ab 0.84 0.40 2.5 2.5 3.3 2.5 6.4 0.7 bc
PX 711016 PS 20 8.9 ab 0.74 0.30 2.9 2.9 3.3 2.5 6.5 0.6 c
Sugarsnax 54 JS 21 8.7 abc 0.86 0.41 2.8 2.8 3.3 2.5 6.6 1.1 a
Sugarsnax 54 SS 17 8.5 bc 0.87 0.41 2.8 2.6 3.8 2.6 6.5 0.8 b
SXC 3293 SS 13 8.2 c 0.81 0.38 2.6 2.6 3.8 2.5 6.4 0.7 bc
C. V. (%) 35 4 10 24 9 9 22 4 5 12
Probability 0.14 0.03 0.30 0.48 0.41 0.41 0.83 0.45 0.81 0.0001
Harvested August 3
Primecut 59 SS 18 7.7 0.94 bc 0.49 ab 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.6 6.0 1.6 a
PX 103397 PS 26 7.8 0.99 ab 0.43 abc 3.0 3.0 3.0 1.5 6.0 1.2 b
PX 711016 PS 24 7.9 0.98 ab 0.39 bc 2.8 2.8 3.5 1.8 6.0 1.1 b
Sugarsnax 54 JS 23 8.2 1.05 a 0.54 a 2.8 2.8 3.5 1.6 6.1 1.7 a
Sugarsnax 54 SS 17 8.1 1.03 ab 0.40 bc 2.9 2.9 3.3 1.5 6.0 1.3 b
SXC 3293 SS 17 8.3 0.87 c 0.34 c 2.9 2.9 3.3 1.6 6.1 1.1 b
C. V. (%) 29 8 6 19 10 10 15 10 3 15
Probability 0.17 0.67 0.011 0.04 0.67 0.67 0.51 0.26 0.82 0.002

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

3Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

4Values in the same column and harvest date followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No letters in column mean no significant differences between values in that column and harvest date.

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Table 14. Carrot yields in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cello carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 US #1 carrots Total yield Total roots
yield (by root diameter) % of total yield
>1.5" 1.0 to 1.5" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total
-------------- tons/acre -------------- ------- % -------- tons/A 1000s/A
Harvested July 26
Apache SS 4.5 bc2 3.3 2.8 ab 10.6 b 49 bcd 67 b 15.7 388 ab
Bolero VL 9.4 a 2.9 1.3 c 13.5 a 68 a 74 ab 18.1 289 cd
Crispy PS 3.1 cd 2.5 2.2 bc 7.9 c 38 de 54 c 14.9 325 bc
Enterprise PS 4.3 bc 3.2 3.9 a 11.4 ab 45 cd 69 ab 16.6 448 a
Navajo SS 4.7 bc 3.7 2.9 ab 11.3 ab 56 abc 74 ab 15.2 359 bc
PS 140395 PS 1.4 d 2.3 2.5 bc 6.2 c 25 e 43 c 14.3 378 ab
Sunrise CR 6.4 b 3.1 2.0 bc 11.6 ab 59 ab 72 ab 16.2 321 bc
Tripleplay 58 SS 6.3 b 3.5 1.6 bc 11.4 ab 69 a 81 a 14.3 241 c
C.V (%) 29 35 39 16 19 13 11 14
Probability 0.0001 0.60 0.03 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.055 0.0003
Harvested August 4
Apache SS 1.6 bc 8.4 4.3 a 14.4 bc 49 bcd 70 ab 20.6 373 a
Bolero VL 11.3 a 6.1 0.6 c 18.0 a 76 a 79 a 23.0 244 b
Crispy PS 3.6 bc 6.3 3.7 ab 13.6 bc 44 cd 60 b 22.6 355 a
Enterprise PS 3.7 bc 7.0 4.5 a 15.2 abc 50 bcd 70 ab 21.7 357 a
Navajo SS 3.6 bc 7.7 4.5 a 15.8 ab 57 b 79 a 19.9 342 a
PS 140395 PS 1.2 c 6.5 4.6 a 12.4 c 38 d 62 b 20.0 381 a
Sunrise CR 4.4 b 6.8 3.3 ab 14.4 bc 52 bc 66 b 21.7 307 ab
Tripleplay 58 SS 3.8 bc 8.2 2.0 bc 14.0 bc 57 b 67 b 20.9 250 b
C. V. (%) 51 35 38 13 16 11 10 19
Probability 0.0001 0.83 0.002 0.03 0.0002 0.014 0.37 0.02
Harvested August 18
Apache SS 6.6 b 8.6 3.9 bc 19.1 b 53 bc 67 ab 28.1 bc 351 ab
Bolero VL 12.7 a 14.7 1.8 cd 29.2 a 74 a 79 a 37.2 a 299 b
Crispy PS 2.5 b 10.0 3.7 bc 16.2 bc 45 bc 58 bc 27.8 bc 356 ab
Enterprise PS 1.7 b 11.7 6.4 a 19.8 b 50 bc 76 a 25.9 bc 392 a
Navajo SS 3.2 b 12.2 4.7 ab 20.2 b 60 ab 78 a 26.0 bc 362 ab
PS 140395 PS 4.9 b 7.3 3.1 bcd 15.3 bc 44 c 55 bc 27.7 bc 316 ab
Sunrise CR 4.7 b 12.3 3.4 bc 20.3 b 58 bc 70 ab 29.0 b 313 b
Tripleplay 58 SS 3.2 b 7.7 1.1 d 12.0 c 47 bc 52 c 22.9 c 208 c
C.V. (%) 73 33 42 20 20 15 13 15
Probability 0.015 0.08 0.004 0.0003 0.014 0.005 0.002 0.002

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Values in the same column and harvest date followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No letters in column mean no significant differences between values in that column and harvest date.

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Table 15. Root characteristics for carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cello carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Cortex color2 Core color2 Con- trast3 Uni- formity Overall score US #1 size
% ---------- inches ---------- --- 1 to 4 ---- ---- 1 to 5 --- 1 to 10 oz/root
Harvested July 26
Apache SS 21 a4 9.1 0.97 0.48 3.0 a 2.8 ab 3.3 b 2.5 b 6.8 ab 1.5 d
Bolero VL 18 a 8.5 1.12 0.50 2.5 c 2.4 bc 4.0 a 3.0 a 7.1 a 2.1 a
Crispy PS 35 b 9.4 1.01 0.52 2.8 abc 2.3 c 4.0 a 2.5 b 6.4 b 1.5 cd
Enterprise PS 19 a 9.3 0.97 0.40 2.9 ab 2.9 a 3.3 b 2.6 b 6.6 b 1.4 d
Navajo SS 19 a 9.1 1.05 0.50 3.0 a 3.0 a 3.0 b 2.5 b 6.6 b 1.5 d
PS 140395 PS 38 b 8.8 0.95 0.50 2.9 ab 2.9 a 3.3 b 2.5 b 6.6 b 1.3 d
Sunrise CR 18 a 9.3 0.95 0.45 2.6 bc 2.4 bc 4.0 a 2.5 b 6.6 b 1.8 bc
Tripleplay 58 SS 13 a 9.4 0.99 0.49 3.0 a 3.0 a 3.0 b 2.5 b 6.4 b 2.0 ab
C.V (%) 37 8 9 16 7 10 9 3 4 12
Probability 0.004 0.62 0.21 0.52 0.008 0.0014 0.0001 0.0001 0.03 0.0001
Harvested August 4
Apache SS 18 bcd 10.1 1.17 b 0.62 3.1 a 3.1 a 3.0 2.0 ab 6.3 1.9 de
Bolero VL 13 cd 8.2 1.43 a 0.72 2.5 b 2.5 b 3.4 2.4 a 6.5 3.4 a
Crispy PS 30 a 9.4 1.21 b 0.58 2.5 b 2.5 b 3.5 1.6 b 6.0 2.2 cd
Enterprise PS 22 abc 9.6 1.11 b 0.53 3.0 a 3.0 a 3.0 1.9 ab 6.1 2.1 cde
Navajo SS 12 d 9.0 1.16 b 0.62 3.1 a 3.1 a 3.0 1.6 b 6.0 1.9 de
PS 140395 PS 25 ab 9.1 1.15 b 0.56 3.0 a 3.0 a 3.0 1.5 b 6.0 1.7 e
Sunrise CR 20 bcd 9.9 1.15 b 0.54 2.9 ab 2.9 ab 3.3 1.8 b 6.1 2.4 bc
Tripleplay 58 SS 14 cd 10.3 1.11 b 0.59 3.0 a 3.0 a 3.0 1.6 b 6.0 2.7 b
C. V. (%) 31 10 8 13 10 10 12 20 4 13
Probability 0.004 0.08 0.004 0.07 0.014 0.014 0.34 0.04 0.051 0.0001
Harvested August 18
Apache SS 24 8.9 1.09 b 0.51 3.0 3.0 3.0 b 1.6 6.3 2.5 c
Bolero VL 18 9.8 1.38 a 0.68 2.1 2.1 4.0 a 1.8 6.3 4.0 a
Crispy PS 26 9.9 1.09 b 0.44 2.4 2.4 3.8 a 1.5 6.0 2.4 c
Enterprise PS 18 10.9 1.16 b 0.43 2.6 2.6 3.4 ab 1.8 6.1 2.2 c
Navajo SS 17 9.8 1.13 b 0.52 3.0 3.0 3.0 b 1.6 6.1 2.3 c
PS 140395 PS 30 10.1 1.16 b 0.54 2.6 2.6 3.5 ab 2.0 6.5 2.9 bc
Sunrise CR 25 10.1 1.21 b 0.51 2.8 2.8 3.5 ab 1.6 6.1 2.9 bc
Tripleplay 58 SS 23 9.9 1.15 b 0.51 2.5 2.5 3.5 ab 1.4 5.9 3.6 ab
C.V. (%) 31 10 9 18 15 15 11 16 4 19
Probability 0.23 0.33 0.02 0.051 0.06 0.06 0.03 0.09 0.096 0.0008

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Color: 1=yellow orange; 2=light orange; 3=medium orange; 4=dark orange.

3Contrast between cortex and core. The higher the number the lower the contrast.

4Values in the same column and harvest date followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No letters in column mean no significant differences between values in that column and harvest date.

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Table 16. Carrot yields in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 processing carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 US #1 carrots Total yield Total roots
yield (by root diameter) % of total yield
>1.5" 1.0 to 1.5" ¾ to 1" total >1.0" total
-------------- tons/acre -------------- ------- % -------- tons/A 1000s/A
Apache SS 6.8 cd2 7.6 b 1.0 a 15.4 bc 40 cd 43 cd 35.6 ab 295 a
Bolero VL 21.6 a 3.9 c 0.0 c 25.4 a 63 ab 63 ab 40.3 a 175 c
Crispy PS 9.9 bcd 7.6 b 0.5 bc 18.0 bc 46 bcd 47 bcd 37.9 a 246 ab
Enterprise PS 9.5 bcd 11.7 a 1.1 a 22.3 ab 53 a-d 56 a-d 39.8 a 305 a
Navajo SS 14.7 b 5.5 bc 0.3 c 20.5 ab 68 a 69 a 29.5 bc 189 bc
PS 140395 PS 5.1 d 6.3 bc 0.8 ab 12.2 c 35 d 37 d 33.6 abc 244 ab
Sunrise CR 12.2 bc 3.9 c 0.1 c 16.1 bc 57 abc 57 abc 27.9 c 129 c
Tripleplay 58 SS 9.4 bcd 2.7 c 0.0 c 12.2 c 42 cd 42 cd 28.0 c 129 c
C.V (%) 34 39 77 28 23 23 13 20
Probability 0.0004 0.001 0.0007 0.015 0.012 0.018 0.002 0.0001

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 17. Root characteristics of carrots in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 processing carrot hybrid performance trial.
Hybrid Seed source1 Multiple root Average length Root diameter Core diameter Uni-
formity		 Overall score US #1 size
% ------------- inches -------------- 1 to 5 1 to 10 oz/root
Apache SS 21 9.7 b 1.29 0.60 abc 1.5 5.8 3.6 b
Bolero VL 24 8.4 c 1.31 0.63 ab 1.5 5.6 7.5 a
Crispy PS 34 8.2 c 1.20 0.49 cd 1.5 5.6 4.5 b
Enterprise PS 27 9.8 b 1.24 0.44 d 1.8 6.0 3.9 b
Navajo SS 15 8.3 c 1.19 0.55 bcd 1.8 5.9 5.0 b
PS 140395 PS 30 8.9 bc 1.18 0.48 bcd 1.5 5.9 3.5 b
Sunrise CR 28 10.8 a 1.46 0.69 a 1.6 5.8 7.0 a
Tripleplay 58 SS 30 8.8 c 1.30 0.52 bcd 1.5 5.3 6.8 a
C.V (%) 37 7 10 17 11 4 20
Probability 0.24 0.0001 0.13 0.02 0.14 0.012 0.0001

1See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

2Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. No letters in column mean no significant differences between values in that column.

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