CBPT00

Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

CABBAGE HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL, 2000

Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann, and Heidi Eslinger

Results summary

Table 7. Early stand, yields, quality and head shape of early (fresh market) cabbage.

Table 8. Head characteristics of fresh market cabbage.

Table 9. Late (slaw market) harvest data (yields, etc.).

Table 10. Cabbage head characteristics for the late (slaw market) harvest.

Cabbage grows well in the cool climate of North Dakota, but cabbage production is limited due to market uncertainty. Data were collected to determine suitability of ten hybrids for both the fresh and slaw markets. Yields this year were below average.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil: Maddock sandy loam and Hecla sandy loam; pH=6.7; 2.5% organic matter; soil-P, soil-K, and soil-S were very high.

Previous crops: 1999 - onion; 1998 - pepper; 1997 - fallow.

Seedbed preparation: Disked on 29 October 1999. Multiweeded (field cultivated) once on April 5 and twice on April 18 to incorporate herbicide/fertilizer and smooth seedbed.

Planting: Direct seeded cabbage on April 24 with a Stanhay vegetable planter modified to drill barley (1 bu/acre, 6-inch rows) between and parallel to the cabbage rows. Cabbage seeds were spaced about 7 inches apart in 17-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to 15 inches apart (about 26,000 plants/acre). Seeds were placed about ¼ to ¾ inches deep into a flat, fine seedbed. Sprayed Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 1 pt/25 gal) on May 22 to kill the barley cover crop.

Plots: Main plots were 34 ft long by one row (17 inches) wide. Each main plot was divided into 2, 17-ft long sections. The study had 4 reps.

Fertilizer: On April 4, broadcast 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 17 and sprayed 60 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on May 23. Fertigated 35 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 27 and again on July 14.

Irrigation: Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed.

Pest Control: Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1 pt/acre applied preplant incorporated on April 18), Lentagran (2 lbs/acre on May 30), Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 1 pt/25 gal on May 22), and by hand weeding. Agree (2 lb/acre on June 22 and June 29), Dipel (2 lb/acre on July 3, and 1 lb/acre on July 12, July 20, July 26, Aug 2, Aug 10, and Aug 26), and Asana (8 oz/acre on Aug 18) controlled cabbage looper and cabbage worm.

Harvest: One section of each main plot was hand harvested when heads were firm and of marketable size (early harvest for fresh market). The other section was harvested about two weeks later (late harvest for processing). Cabbage head characteristics were measured on representative cabbage heads selected at each harvest from each plot.

RESULTS

For early harvest, Cheers and Bronco had the highest yields and quality, but head size may have been too big. Silver Dynasty, Charmant, and Farao had smaller heads and good quality. For late harvest, Cheers, Augusta, and Blue Dynasty had the highest yields and good quality.

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Table 7. Early stand, yields, quality and head shape of early (fresh market) cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cabbage hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source¹ Early stand² Days to harvest Harvest spread³ Number of heads Yield Overall score Head shape⁴ Head size

1000s/acre days 1000s/acre tons/acre 1 to 10 1 to 5 lbs/head

Augusta NV 49.7 ab⁵ 102 c 25 ab 24.4 abc 26.8 bc 6.6 de 2.6 d 2.2 bc

Blue Dynasty AS 50.6 ab 111 de 28 ab 23.5 bc 25.7 bcd 7.0 bcd 2.8 cd 2.2 bc

Bronco BZ 52.0 a 109 d 22 bc 24.4 abc 27.9 b 7.5 a 3.5 a 2.3 ab

Charmant SK 42.5 b 90 a 19 bc 23.5 bc 21.9 d 7.0 bcd 3.0 bc 1.9 de

Cheers AT 57.9 a 112 de 19 bc 26.2 ab 32.5 a 6.7 cde 2.7 d 2.5 a

Farao VL 53.8 a 96 b 14 c 27.6 a 23.3 cd 7.0 bcd 3.1 bc 1.7 e

Red Dynasty AS 54.3 a 120 g 35 a 19.0 d 13.5 e 6.4 e 3.5 a 1.4 f

Silver Dynasty AS 52.9 a 117 fg 26 ab 23.5 bc 23.6 cd 7.1 bc 3.0 bc 2.0 cd

Solid Blue 780 AC 54.3 a 117 fg 21 bc 25.3 ab 27.4 b 7.2 ab 3.2 ab 2.2 bc

Solid Blue 790 AC 24.0 c 114 ef 22 bc 21.3 dc 24.1 bcd 6.5 e 3.2 b 2.3 ab

C.V. (%) 12 3 32 10 11 4 7 8

Probability 0.0001 0.0001 0.04 0.0012 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

¹See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

²Stand on May 18 (before thinning).

³Harvest spread = days between first head ready to harvest til last head in plot ready to harvest.

⁴Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.

⁵Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 8. Head characteristics of fresh market cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cabbage hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source¹ Head density² Head width Head height Inside color³ Outside color⁴ Core length Core width

1 to 3 ----- inches ----- 1 to 8 2 to 8 ----- inches -----

Augusta NV 1.9 f⁵ 5.9 ab 5.1 d 2.0 b 2.7 c 2.9 a-d 1.0 cd

Blue Dynasty AS 2.4 cd 5.6 bc 5.2 d 1.8 bc 2.9 b 3.0 cd 1.0 c

Bronco BZ 3.0 a 5.4 cd 6.1 a 1.9 b 2.7 c 3.3 ef 1.2 e

Charmant SK 2.4 c 5.3 cde 5.2 d 2.0 b 2.9 b 3.0 bcd 1.0 cd

Cheers AT 2.0 ef 6.1 a 5.6 bc 1.8 bc 2.8 bc 3.1 de 1.1 cd

Farao VL 2.2 de 5.0 e 5.1 d 2.0 b 2.4 d 2.8 abc 0.9 a

Red Dynasty AS 2.4 c 4.6 f 5.3 cd 7.0 a 8.0 a 2.7 a 1.1 d

Silver Dynasty AS 2.8 b 5.2 de 5.4 cd 1.6 cd 2.9 b 2.7 ab 0.9 b

Solid Blue 780 AC 2.9 ab 5.2 de 5.6 bc 1.6 cd 2.9 b 3.4 ef 1.1 e

Solid Blue 790 AC 2.2 e 5.6 bc 5.7 b 1.5 d 2.9 b 3.4 f 1.0 c

C.V. (%) 5 5 4 7 3 6 4

Probability 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001 0.0001

¹See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

²Visual estimate of head density. 1 is low, 3 is high.

³Inside head color: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green 8=red.

⁴Outside head color: 2 to 4 is light to dark green; 7-9 is light to dark red.

⁵Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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Table 9. Late (slaw market) harvest data for the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cabbage hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source¹ Early stand² Days to harvest Number of heads Yield Overall score Head shape³ Head size

1000s/A 1000s/A tons/A 1 to 10 1 to 5 lbs/head

Augusta NV
47.9 bcd⁴
117 b 24.0 42.8 ab 7.1 a 2.8 c 3.6 a

Blue Dynasty AS
47.0 cd
131 de 23.1 40.4 abc 6.6 a 2.8 c 3.5 ab

Bronco BZ
54.3 ab
125 c 24.0 34.8 bcd 7.5 a 3.0 bc 2.9 bcd

Charmant SK
45.7 d
104 a 23.1 31.2 d 7.6 a 2.8 c 2.7 cd

Cheers AT
57.0 a
129 cd 24.4 44.8 a 7.1 a 3.0 bc 3.7 a

Farao VL
51.5 a-d
110 a 24.4 29.0 d 7.3 a 3.1 b 2.4 d

Red Dynasty AS
53.4 abc
141 f 19.0 16.1 e 6.4 a 3.5 a 1.6 e

Silver Dynasty AS
50.2 bcd
136 ef 25.3 33.8 cd 3.8 b 3.0 bc 2.7 cd

Solid Blue 780 AC
51.5 a-d
133 de 24.4 34.6 bcd 6.5 a 3.0 bc 2.8 bcd

Solid Blue 790 AC
24.0 e
133 de 20.8 32.2 cd 7.1 a 3.0 bc 3.1 abc

C.V. (%) 9 3 12 17 16 7 16

Probability 0.0001 0.0001 0.11 0.0001 0.001 0.0005 0.0001

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¹See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

²Stand on May 18 (before thinning).

³Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.

⁴Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05

level. No letters in column means no significant differences between values in that column.

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Table 10. Cabbage head characteristics for the late (slaw market) harvest in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 2000 cabbage hybrid performance trial.

Hybrid Seed source¹ Head density² Head width Head height Inside color³ Outside color⁴ Core length Core width

1 to 3 ----- inches ----- 1 to 8 2 to 8 ----- inches -----

Augusta NV 2.6 c⁵ 6.6 bc 6.2 1.3 c 3.0 b 3.7 de 1.1 bc

Blue Dynasty AS 3.0 a 7.0 ab 6.2 1.8 bc 3.0 b 3.3 a-d 1.1 bc

Bronco BZ 3.0 a 6.4 c 6.4 1.8 bc 2.9 bc 3.7 de 1.3 e

Charmant SK 2.9 ab 6.3 c 6.1 2.0 b 3.0 b 3.4 b-e 1.1 bc

Cheers AT 2.6 c 7.2 a 6.5 1.5 bc 3.0 b 3.7 de 1.2 cd

Farao VL 3.0 a 5.7 d 5.8 1.8 bc 3.0 b 3.0 ab 0.9 a

Red Dynasty AS 3.0 a 4.8 e 5.9 7.1 a 8.0 a 2.8 a 1.0 ab

Silver Dynasty AS 3.0 a 6.5 c 6.4 1.8 bc 3.0 b 3.1 abc 1.0 ab

Solid Blue 780 AC 2.9 ab 6.3 c 6.3 1.8 bc 2.9 bc 3.9 e 1.3 de

Solid Blue 790 AC 2.8 bc 6.6 bc 6.4 1.5 bc 2.8 c 3.6 cde 1.1 bc

C.V. (%) 6 6 8 21 4 11 8

Probability 0.005 0.0001 0.53 0.0001 0.0001 0.003 0.0001

¹See Appendix A for list of seed source codes.

²Visual estimate of head density. 1 is low, 3 is high.

³Inside head color: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green; 7-9 is light to dark red.

⁴Outside head color: 2 to 4 is light to dark green; 7-9 is light to dark red.

⁵Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05

level. No letters in column means no significant differences between values in that column.

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Soil:	Maddock sandy loam and Hecla sandy loam; pH=6.7; 2.5% organic matter; soil-P, soil-K, and soil-S were very high.
Previous crops:	1999 - onion; 1998 - pepper; 1997 - fallow.
Seedbed preparation:	Disked on 29 October 1999. Multiweeded (field cultivated) once on April 5 and twice on April 18 to incorporate herbicide/fertilizer and smooth seedbed.
Planting:	Direct seeded cabbage on April 24 with a Stanhay vegetable planter modified to drill barley (1 bu/acre, 6-inch rows) between and parallel to the cabbage rows. Cabbage seeds were spaced about 7 inches apart in 17-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to 15 inches apart (about 26,000 plants/acre). Seeds were placed about ¼ to ¾ inches deep into a flat, fine seedbed. Sprayed Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 1 pt/25 gal) on May 22 to kill the barley cover crop.
Plots:	Main plots were 34 ft long by one row (17 inches) wide. Each main plot was divided into 2, 17-ft long sections. The study had 4 reps.
Fertilizer:	On April 4, broadcast 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24. Sprayed 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 17 and sprayed 60 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on May 23. Fertigated 35 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on June 27 and again on July 14.
Irrigation:	Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed.
Pest Control:	Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1 pt/acre applied preplant incorporated on April 18), Lentagran (2 lbs/acre on May 30), Fusilade + NIS (12 oz/acre + 1 pt/25 gal on May 22), and by hand weeding. Agree (2 lb/acre on June 22 and June 29), Dipel (2 lb/acre on July 3, and 1 lb/acre on July 12, July 20, July 26, Aug 2, Aug 10, and Aug 26), and Asana (8 oz/acre on Aug 18) controlled cabbage looper and cabbage worm.
Harvest:	One section of each main plot was hand harvested when heads were firm and of marketable size (early harvest for fresh market). The other section was harvested about two weeks later (late harvest for processing). Cabbage head characteristics were measured on representative cabbage heads selected at each harvest from each plot.

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Early stand²	Days to harvest	Harvest spread³	Number of heads	Yield	Overall score	Head shape⁴	Head size
		1000s/acre	days		1000s/acre	tons/acre	1 to 10	1 to 5	lbs/head

Augusta	NV	49.7 ab⁵	102 c	25 ab	24.4 abc	26.8 bc	6.6 de	2.6 d	2.2 bc
Blue Dynasty	AS	50.6 ab	111 de	28 ab	23.5 bc	25.7 bcd	7.0 bcd	2.8 cd	2.2 bc
Bronco	BZ	52.0 a	109 d	22 bc	24.4 abc	27.9 b	7.5 a	3.5 a	2.3 ab
Charmant	SK	42.5 b	90 a	19 bc	23.5 bc	21.9 d	7.0 bcd	3.0 bc	1.9 de
Cheers	AT	57.9 a	112 de	19 bc	26.2 ab	32.5 a	6.7 cde	2.7 d	2.5 a
Farao	VL	53.8 a	96 b	14 c	27.6 a	23.3 cd	7.0 bcd	3.1 bc	1.7 e
Red Dynasty	AS	54.3 a	120 g	35 a	19.0 d	13.5 e	6.4 e	3.5 a	1.4 f
Silver Dynasty	AS	52.9 a	117 fg	26 ab	23.5 bc	23.6 cd	7.1 bc	3.0 bc	2.0 cd
Solid Blue 780	AC	54.3 a	117 fg	21 bc	25.3 ab	27.4 b	7.2 ab	3.2 ab	2.2 bc
Solid Blue 790	AC	24.0 c	114 ef	22 bc	21.3 dc	24.1 bcd	6.5 e	3.2 b	2.3 ab

C.V. (%)		12	3	32	10	11	4	7	8
Probability		0.0001	0.0001	0.04	0.0012	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001

Hybrid	Seed source¹	Head density²	Head width	Head height	Inside color³	Outside color⁴	Core length	Core width
		1 to 3	----- inches -----		1 to 8	2 to 8	----- inches -----

Augusta	NV	1.9 f⁵	5.9 ab	5.1 d	2.0 b	2.7 c	2.9 a-d	1.0 cd
Blue Dynasty	AS	2.4 cd	5.6 bc	5.2 d	1.8 bc	2.9 b	3.0 cd	1.0 c
Bronco	BZ	3.0 a	5.4 cd	6.1 a	1.9 b	2.7 c	3.3 ef	1.2 e
Charmant	SK	2.4 c	5.3 cde	5.2 d	2.0 b	2.9 b	3.0 bcd	1.0 cd
Cheers	AT	2.0 ef	6.1 a	5.6 bc	1.8 bc	2.8 bc	3.1 de	1.1 cd
Farao	VL	2.2 de	5.0 e	5.1 d	2.0 b	2.4 d	2.8 abc	0.9 a
Red Dynasty	AS	2.4 c	4.6 f	5.3 cd	7.0 a	8.0 a	2.7 a	1.1 d
Silver Dynasty	AS	2.8 b	5.2 de	5.4 cd	1.6 cd	2.9 b	2.7 ab	0.9 b
Solid Blue 780	AC	2.9 ab	5.2 de	5.6 bc	1.6 cd	2.9 b	3.4 ef	1.1 e
Solid Blue 790	AC	2.2 e	5.6 bc	5.7 b	1.5 d	2.9 b	3.4 f	1.0 c

C.V. (%)		5	5	4	7	3	6	4
Probability		0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001	0.0001