Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
CABBAGE HYBRID PERFORMANCE TRIAL
Richard Greenland, Leonard Besemann, and Heidi Eslinger
Table 7. Early stand, yield data, overall quality and head shape of early cabbage.
Table 8. Cabbage head characteristics for early (fresh market) cabbage.
Table 9. Late (slaw market) harvest data (yields, etc.).
Table 10. Cabbage head characteristics for the late (slaw market) cabbage.
Cabbage grows well in the cool climate of North Dakota, but cabbage production is limited due to market uncertainty. Data were collected to determine suitability of ten hybrids for both the fresh and slaw markets.
| Soil: | Maddock sandy loam; pH=7.; 2.3% organic matter; soil-P and soil-K were very high; soil-S was medium. |
| Previous crops: | 1998 - field corn; 1997 - oriental vegetables; 1996 - potato. |
| Seedbed preparation: | Disked on 4 November 1998. Disked on April 12. Field cultivated twice on April 12 to incorporate herbicide and smooth seedbed. |
| Planting: | Direct seeded cabbage on April 19 with a Stanhay vegetable planter modified to drill barley (1 bu/acre, 6-inch rows) between and parallel to the cabbage rows. Cabbage seeds were spaced about 7 inches apart in 17-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to 15 inches apart (about 26,000 plants/acre). Seeds were placed ¼ to ¾ inches deep into a flat, fine seedbed. Sprayed Poast plus Dash (1.5 pt/acre + 1 qt/50 gal) on May 21 to kill the barley cover crop. |
| Plots: | Main plots were 34 ft long by one row (17 inches) wide. Each main plot was divided into 2, 17-ft long sections (one for early harvest and one for late harvest). The study had 4 reps. |
| Fertilizer: | On April 7, broadcast 15 lbs N/acre and 75 lbs P2O5/acre as 10-50-0, 18 lbs N/acre and 20 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24, and 99 lbs K20/acre as 0-0-60. Sprayed 40 lbs, 70 lbs, and 50 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 12, June 7 and June 24, respectively. |
| Irrigation: | Overhead sprinkler irrigation as needed. |
| Pest Control: | Weeds were controlled using Treflan (1 pt/acre applied preplant incorporated on April 12), Lentagran (2 lbs/acre on June 1), Poast plus Dash (1.5 pt/acre + 1 qt/50 gal on May 21 and June 11) and by hand weeding. Spraying Agree (1 lb/acre on June 16, July 7, July 16, July 26, Aug 2 and Aug 9 ), and Asana (8 oz/acre on June 29 and Aug 13) controlled cabbage looper and cabbage worm. |
| Harvest: | One section of each main plot was hand harvested when heads were firm and of marketable size (early harvest for fresh market). The other section was harvested about two weeks later (late harvest for processing). Cabbage head characteristics were measured on representative cabbage heads selected at each harvest from each plot. |
This year yields were lower than average. Although NiZ 95-23 was the highest yielding hybrid at early harvest, its head size was too big for the fresh market. Charmant, Winner, and Solid Blue 790 were the best looking hybrids for the fresh market.
For the processing market, Cheers, NiZ 95-23, and Bobcat had the highest yields. Bobcat, Winner, Charmant, and Cheers had the best quality.
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Table 7. Early stand, yield data, overall quality and head shape of early (fresh market) cabbage in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1999 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
| Hybrid | Seed source† | Early stand‡ | Days to harvest | Harvest spread¶ | Number of heads | Yield | Overall score | Head shape§ | Head size |
| 1000s/A | days | 1000s/A | tons/acre | 1 to 10 | 1 to 5 | lbs/head | |||
| Balbro | VL | 99 a†† | 105 bc | 36 de | 22.6 a | 21.0 de | 6.2 de | 3.5 ab | 1.9 d |
| Bobcat | R | 45 bc | 110 cd | 24 bcd | 22.2 a | 27.0 bc | 6.7 a-d | 2.7 c | 2.4 b |
| Charmant | SK | 51 bc | 99 ab | 24 bcd | 22.2 a | 20.7 de | 7.4 a | 3.0 bc | 1.9 d |
| Cheers | AT | 54 b | 117 ef | 21 bcd | 23.0 a | 28.0 b | 7.0 a-d | 2.9 c | 2.4 bc |
| NiZ 95-23 | VL | 54 b | 124 f | 26 b-e | 21.7 ab | 37.1 a | 6.2 de | 3.7 a | 3.5 a |
| Solid Blue 780‡‡ | AC | 53 bc | 123 f | 31 cde | 15.8 c | 16.2 e | 6.7 bcd | 3.0 bc | 2.0 d |
| Solid Blue 790 | AC | 41 c | 116 de | 17 ab | 17.6 bc | 21.9 cd | 7.1 abc | 2.9 c | 2.5 b |
| Strukton‡‡ | VL | 24 d | 124 f | 5 a | 4.5 d | 5.9 f | 5.8 e | 3.9 a | 2.6 b |
| Blue Vantage | TW | 53 bc | 112 de | 40 e | 19.9 abc | 20.5 de | 6.4 cde | 3.0 bc | 2.1 cd |
| Winner | ST | 47 bc | 95 a | 19 abc | 21.3 ab | 19.7 de | 7.2 ab | 3.9 a | 1.9 d |
| C.V. (%) | 23 | 4 | 40 | 15 | 18 | 8 | 12 | 11 | |
| Probability | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.003 | 0.0005 | 0.0001 | |
†See Appendix A for seed source code.
‡Stand on June 8. Later thinned to an in-row spacing of one plant every 15 inches.
¶Harvest spread is the number of days between first head ready to harvest until last head in plot ready to harvest.
§Head shape: 1 is very flat; 2 is flat; 3 is round; 4 is tall; 5 is very tall.
††Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.
‡‡Solid Blue 780 and Strukton were late maturing. Some heads did not mature and were not harvested.
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Table 8. Cabbage head characteristics for early (fresh market) harvest in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1999 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
| Hybrid | Seed source† | Head density‡ | Head Diameter | Color | Core | |||
| equatorial | polar | inside¶ | outside§ | length | width | |||
| 1 to 3 | inches | 1 to 3 | 1 to 4 | inches | ||||
| Balbro | VL | 1.4 d†† | 5.2 d | 5.8 bc | 1.9 a | 2.8 | 2.5 ab | 1.0 ab |
| Bobcat | R | 2.0 bc | 5.9 ab | 5.4 cd | 2.0 a | 3.0 | 2.8 abc | 1.0 bc |
| Charmant | SK | 2.5 ab | 5.3 cd | 5.2 cd | 2.0 a | 3.1 | 2.9 bc | 1.1 cd |
| Cheers | AT | 2.3 bc | 5.9 ab | 5.5 cd | 1.8 ab | 2.9 | 3.1 cde | 1.1 cd |
| NiZ 95-23 | VL | 2.2 bc | 6.2 a | 7.0 a | 1.5 b | 2.8 | 3.5 e | 1.1 d |
| Solid Blue 780 | AC | 3.0 a | 5.0 d | 5.1 d | 2.0 a | 3.0 | 3.0 cd | 1.1 cd |
| Solid Blue 790 | AC | 2.3 b | 5.8 abc | 5.6 cd | 1.9 a | 3.1 | 3.1 cde | 1.1 cd |
| Strukton | VL | 2.4 b | 5.0 d | 6.4 ab | 1.9 a | 2.9 | 3.3 de | 1.4 e |
| Blue Vantage | TW | 1.7 cd | 5.5 bcd | 5.4 cd | 2.0 a | 3.0 | 3.0 cd | 1.1 cd |
| Winner | ST | 2.1 bc | 5.0 d | 5.7 cd | 2.1 a | 2.7 | 2.4 a | 0.9 a |
| C.V. (%) | 16 | 7 | 7 | 11 | 6 | 10 | 6 | |
| Probability | 0.0001 | 0.0003 | 0.0001 | 0.04 | 0.12 | 0.0004 | 0.0001 | |
†See Appendix A for seed source code.
‡Visual estimate of head density. The higher the number the more solid the head.
¶Color of inside of cabbage head: 1 is whitish green; 2 is yellow green; 3 is light green.
§Color of outside of cabbage: 1 is yellow green; 2 to 4 are light, medium, and dark green.
††Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level. If no letters in column, then there were no significant differences between values in that column.
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Table 9. Late (slaw market) harvest data for the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1999 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
| Hybrid | Seed source† | Days to harvest | Number of heads | Yield | Overall score |
| 1000s/acre | tons/acre | 1 to 10 | |||
| Balbro | VL | 121 cd‡ | 23.1 | 29.4 bc | 7.0 ab |
| Bobcat | R | 124 bc | 21.7 | 35.9 b | 7.6 a |
| Charmant | SK | 112 d | 21.7 | 22.5 c | 7.5 ab |
| Cheers | AT | 134 ab | 25.5 | 47.9 a | 7.3 ab |
| NiZ 95-23 | VL | 141 a | 23.5 | 39.0 ab | 5.4 c |
| Solid Blue 790 | AC | 134 ab | 22.2 | 31.6 bc | 6.3 abc |
| Blue Vantage | TW | 134 a | 21.3 | 28.7 bc | 6.1 bc |
| Winner | ST | 112 d | 22.2 | 32.9 bc | 7.5 ab |
| C.V. (%) | 5 | 12 | 22 | 14 | |
| Probability | 0.0001 | 0.59 | 0.008 | 0.025 | |
†See Appendix A for seed source code.
‡Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (0.05 level). If no letters in column, there are no significant differences between values in that column.
Note: Solid Blue 780 and Strukton did not mature on time and are not included in this table.
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Table 10. Cabbage head characteristics for the late (slaw market) harvest in the Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1999 cabbage hybrid performance trial.
| Hybrid | Seed source† | Inside color‡ | Head density¶ | Head size | Head diameter | Core | ||
| equatorial | polar | length | width | |||||
| 1 to 3 | 1 to 3 | lbs/head | inches | |||||
| Balbro | VL | 1.1 | 2.6 | 2.5 de§ | 5.8 b | 6.6 a | 3.0 | 1.0 |
| Bobcat | R | 1.5 | 2.9 | 3.3 abc | 6.2 b | 5.8 bc | 3.5 | 1.0 |
| Charmant | SK | 1.8 | 3.0 | 2.0 e | 5.0 c | 5.1 d | 2.8 | 1.0 |
| Cheers | AT | 1.5 | 3.0 | 3.8 a | 7.0 a | 6.3 ab | 3.1 | 1.1 |
| NiZ 95-23 | VL | 1.3 | 2.8 | 3.3 ab | 5.9 b | 6.9 a | 3.2 | 1.1 |
| Solid Blue 790 | AC | 1.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 bcd | 6.2 b | 5.6 cd | 3.3 | 1.1 |
| Blue Vantage | TW | 1.6 | 2.9 | 2.7 cd | 5.9 b | 5.5 cd | 3.1 | 1.0 |
| Winner | ST | 1.3 | 2.9 | 3.0 bcd | 5.9 b | 6.9 a | 2.7 | 1.0 |
| C.V. (%) | 29 | 10 | 15 | 6 | 7 | 19 | 11 | |
| Probability | 0.34 | 0.55 | 0.0008 | 0.0001 | 0.0001 | 0.60 | 0.46 | |
†See Appendix A for seed source code.
‡Inside head color: 1=whitish green; 2=yellow green; 3=light green.
¶Head density: 1 to 3; 1= loose, 3 = solid.
§Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different (0.05 level). If no letters in column, then there are no significant differences between values in that column.
Note: Solid Blue 780 and Strukton did not mature on time and are not included in this table.
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Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site Variety Performance Trials
Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1999 annual report