Oakes Irrigation Research
Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701)
742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu
POTATO CULTIVAR BY NITROGEN FERTILITY STUDY,1997
James H. Lorenzen and Myron Thoresen, NDSU Plant Sciences Dept.
Richard Greenland and Leonard Besemann
An increasing portion of the potato crop in North Dakota is produced with irrigation to be utilized by the french fry industry. Specific recommendations for this relatively new cropping pattern need to be developed for irrigated potatoes in North Dakota. This trial is to develop a database for nitrogen recommendations for important potato cultivars in North Dakota, and to develop experience for management recommendations for potential new NDSU-released cultivars.
Table 54. Effect of N level on four potato cultivars.
Table 55. Effect of nitrogen level on six potato genotypes. Main effects of N level and variety.
Table 56. Effect of nitrogen level on six potato genotypes. Nitrogen-level by variety
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Four cultivars: Goldrush, Ranger Russet, Russet Burbank and Shepody were planted at the Oakes Irrigation Research Station on 5 May 1997. Seed size was approximately 2 oz and row width and plant spacing were 36" and 12", respectively. Total N rates were 75, 150, 225, and 300 lbs/acre split over three applications (total N = residual soil NO3-N plus applied N). Insect and disease control were provided through foliar applications as needed. Each plot consisted of six 15-hill rows, including two border rows, two rows for petiole sampling, and two harvest rows. Red Pontiac was planted between plots to distinguish plots at harvest. The design was a split plot design with N treatment as the main plot and cultivar as the sub-plot. There were four replications. Irrigation was supplied as necessary.
Petiole and soil samples were taken periodically during the season. Samples of 12 petioles were taken from the second and fifth row of each plot. Fresh petiole samples were transported on ice to Fargo, the sap expressed, and nitrate in the petiole sap was determined by Horiba ion meter (Model C-141). Duplicate samples of two replications were sent to the Dept. of Soil Science, NDSU, for determination of petiole NO3 in dry, powdered tissue for verification. The middle two rows of each plot were harvested on September 15 and graded into five size classes. Specific gravity was calculated after determining the weight in air and weight in water. The 12 largest tubers from each plot were checked for hollow heart.
A second trial was planted to assess the response of new round cultivars and advanced selections to N rate. The genotypes planted were ND2225-1R (round red), ND2676-10 (round white), Norchip (round white), Nordonna (round red), NorValley (round white), and Red Norland (round red). Plots were bordered by Russet Burbank. The N rates were 75, 150, 225, and 300 lb/acre as mentioned on page 57. These plots were planted as a split plot with two single row plots (2 x 14 plants) per genotype to save space and facilitate harvest. To avoid disturbing the harvest row, petiole samples were not taken. Harvest and grading were conducted as described above.
RESULTS
Severe early blight developed earlier than expected, and there was some late blight by late August, so results should be taken with some caution. There were also phenoxy-type symptoms of spray drift in the main trial in July. Nitrogen rates that gave the highest yields in the main trial were 150 and 225 lb/A (total N). Russet Burbank had the highest yield, followed by Shepody and Goldrush. Ranger Russet had low yields at all rates of N. The highest yield for Russet Burbank was at 150 lb/A of N, while the N rate that gave the highest yield for Goldrush and Shepody was 225 lb/A. As in previous years, Shepody was more responsive to N than the other cultivars, followed by Goldrush. Specific gravity was relatively low, probably due to the early dying.
The round white selections (Norchip, NorValley, ND2676-10) had the highest yields in the extra trial. The highest yield for ND2676-10 was at the 150 lb N/acre rate, while yields increased with increasing N for the two cultivars. Nordonna and ND2225-1R had superior yields to the check cultivar, Red Norland.
Since N can delay the onset and development of early blight, and since the low nitrogen plots exhibited early-dying due to early blight in 1997, part of the N effect observed in these trials can be attributed to this factor. Yields were higher and the response to N was less in other nearby plots that had better control of foliar diseases.
Return to top of potato by N study
Table 54. Effect of N level on four potato cultivars (1997).
| Treatment | Yield | US1A | Specific Gravity | Hollow Heart | Cracks | Knobs | < 4 oz | 4 - 6 oz | 6 - 10 oz | 10- 16 oz | > 16 oz | |
| cwt/acre | % | g/cm3 | ------------ %----------- | -------------- % in class ---------------- | ||||||||
| 75 N | 199.6 | 90.8 | 1.080 | 1.0 | 1.5 | 3.3 | 4.5 | 23.5 | 48.3 | 17.0 | 2.0 | |
| 150 N | 302.3 | 89.2 | 1.083 | 1.8 | 1.7 | 5.7 | 3.5 | 14.3 | 45.7 | 26.1 | 3.0 | |
| 225 N | 303.1 | 90.1 | 1.080 | 2.6 | 3.5 | 3.3 | 3.1 | 14.2 | 46.1 | 26.3 | 3.7 | |
| 300 N | 295.3 | 86.9 | 1.078 | 1.8 | 3.8 | 5.4 | 3.9 | 15.5 | 42.2 | 24.4 | 4.8 | |
| Goldrush | 281.0 | 84.0 | 1.071 | 0.9 | 6.5 | 6.6 | 3.0 | 14.2 | 39.5 | 26.4 | 4.0 | |
| Ranger Russet | 237.3 | 90.3 | 1.089 | 0.1 | 1.9 | 4.3 | 3.5 | 17.6 | 46.3 | 22.0 | 4.4 | |
| Russet Burbank | 299.0 | 88.9 | 1.081 | 4.1 | 1.0 | 4.0 | 6.2 | 24.0 | 52.8 | 11.9 | 0.2 | |
| Shepody | 283.1 | 93.9 | 1.081 | 2.1 | 1.1 | 2.8 | 2.2 | 11.7 | 43.8 | 33.5 | 4.9 | |
| N-LEVEL by VARIETY | ||||||||||||
| 75 lbs N | ||||||||||||
| Goldrush | 209.7 | 92.7 | 1.074 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.4 | 3.6 | 20.3 | 44.0 | 24.6 | 4.0 | |
| Ranger Russet | 177.1 | 90.4 | 1.089 | 0.0 | 3.7 | 3.1 | 2.7 | 23.0 | 45.8 | 18.0 | 4.1 | |
| Russet Burbank | 250.8 | 85.5 | 1.080 | 4.0 | 1.5 | 4.9 | 8.1 | 29.9 | 48.1 | 7.5 | 0.0 | |
| Shepody | 161.0 | 94.7 | 1.079 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 1.7 | 3.4 | 21.4 | 55.5 | 17.8 | 0.0 | |
| 150 lbs N | ||||||||||||
| Goldrush | 288.2 | 85.8 | 1.076 | 0.3 | 3.9 | 7.3 | 3.1 | 13.4 | 41.3 | 25.8 | 5.4 | |
| Ranger Russet | 259.3 | 88.4 | 1.089 | 0.3 | 1.1 | 7.1 | 3.4 | 14.5 | 44.8 | 24.9 | 4.2 | |
| Russet Burbank | 345.7 | 88.6 | 1.083 | 4.5 | 1.3 | 5.1 | 5.1 | 20.7 | 53.8 | 13.8 | 0.3 | |
| Shepody | 316.1 | 94.0 | 1.084 | 2.0 | 0.4 | 3.4 | 2.3 | 8.6 | 43.2 | 40.0 | 2.2 | |
| 225 lbs N | ||||||||||||
| Goldrush | 324.7 | 82.9 | 1.070 | 2.3 | 11.1 | 3.8 | 2.3 | 11.9 | 39.6 | 28.2 | 3.3 | |
| Ranger Russet | 248.7 | 91.1 | 1.089 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 3.3 | 4.2 | 15.8 | 48.6 | 22.5 | 4.4 | |
| Russet Burbank | 304.9 | 91.9 | 1.081 | 5.3 | 0.7 | 2.9 | 4.5 | 21.0 | 57.9 | 12.7 | 0.4 | |
| Shepody | 334.3 | 94.6 | 1.081 | 2.5 | 0.9 | 3.0 | 1.4 | 8.0 | 38.3 | 41.8 | 6.6 | |
| 300 lbs N | ||||||||||||
| Goldrush | 301.4 | 74.5 | 1.066 | 1.0 | 10.7 | 11.8 | 3.0 | 11.2 | 33.0 | 27.0 | 3.3 | |
| Ranger Russet | 264.0 | 91.1 | 1.087 | 0.0 | 1.6 | 3.7 | 3.6 | 17.4 | 46.0 | 22.7 | 5.1 | |
| Russet Burbank | 294.8 | 89.5 | 1.079 | 2.5 | 0.3 | 3.1 | 7.2 | 24.3 | 51.6 | 13.5 | 0.0 | |
| Shepody | 321.0 | 92.5 | 1.080 | 3.8 | 2.6 | 3.2 | 1.7 | 9.0 | 38.2 | 34.2 | 11.0 | |
Return to top of potato by N study
Table 55. Effect of nitrogen level on six potato genotypes, 1997. Main effects of N level and variety.
| Treatment | Yield | US1A | Specific Gravity | Hollow Heart | Cracks | Knobs | < 4 oz | 4 - 6 oz | 6 - 10 oz | 10- 16 oz | > 16 oz |
| cwt/acre | % | g/cm3 | ------------ %----------- | -------------- % in class ---------------- | |||||||
| N LEVELS AVERAGED OVER VARIETY | |||||||||||
| 75 N | 289.2 | 94.3 | 1.073 | 0.3 | 1.4 | 0.8 | 3.5 | 9.6 | 56.1 | 28.5 | 0.0 |
| 150 N | 363.0 | 94.8 | 1.074 | 0.2 | 0.4 | 1.7 | 3.1 | 9.0 | 53.8 | 31.6 | 0.4 |
| 225 N | 363.8 | 95.1 | 1.071 | 0.5 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 2.8 | 9.3 | 52.0 | 33.0 | 0.8 |
| 300 N | 386.0 | 94.2 | 1.070 | 0.2 | 0.0 | 2.4 | 3.5 | 9.5 | 49.9 | 34.3 | 0.4 |
| VARIETIES AVERAGED OVER N LEVELS | |||||||||||
| ND2225-1R | 331.3 | 93.1 | 1.064 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.3 | 6.5 | 21.1 | 62.4 | 9.6 | 0.0 |
| ND2676-10 | 363.7 | 96.3 | 1.082 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.8 | 2.9 | 6.9 | 53.7 | 35.6 | 0.2 |
| Norchip | 380.2 | 92.9 | 1.080 | 0.1 | 0.8 | 4.3 | 2.1 | 6.1 | 46.0 | 40.0 | 0.8 |
| Nordonna | 357.2 | 95.9 | 1.067 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.4 | 3.7 | 10.6 | 61.1 | 24.2 | 0.0 |
| NorValley | 365.7 | 92.8 | 1.077 | 0.3 | 1.0 | 3.9 | 2.3 | 6.3 | 45.7 | 39.7 | 1.2 |
| Red Norland | 304.9 | 96.5 | 1.061 | 0.3 | 1.2 | 0.4 | 1.9 | 5.1 | 49.0 | 42.0 | 0.4 |
Return to top of potato by N study
Table 56. Effect of nitrogen level on six potato genotypes, 1997. Nitrogen-level by variety.
| Treatment | Yield | US1A | Specific Gravity | Hollow Heart | Cracks | Knobs | < 4 oz | 4 - 6 oz | 6 - 10 oz | 10- 16 oz | > 16 oz |
| cwt/acre | % | g/cm3 | ------------ %----------- | -------------- % in class ---------------- | |||||||
| 75 lbs N | |||||||||||
| ND2225-1R | 283.1 | 91.3 | 1.066 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 0.2 | 8.4 | 17.9 | 64.3 | 9.1 | 0.0 |
| ND2676-10 | 317.9 | 97.1 | 1.082 | 1.0 | 0.0 | 0.7 | 2.3 | 7.4 | 56.5 | 33.2 | 0.0 |
| Norchip | 281.6 | 94.6 | 1.084 | 0.3 | 2.3 | 1.1 | 2.1 | 7.9 | 51.5 | 34.9 | 0.3 |
| Nordonna | 302.6 | 95.3 | 1.066 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 4.4 | 12.4 | 61.1 | 21.8 | 0.0 |
| NorValley | 309.3 | 93.0 | 1.078 | 0.0 | 2.8 | 2.3 | 2.0 | 5.9 | 51.0 | 36.1 | 0.0 |
| Red Norland | 241.0 | 94.9 | 1.063 | 0.5 | 3.0 | 0.4 | 1.8 | 6.1 | 52.5 | 36.3 | 0.0 |
| 150 lbs N | |||||||||||
| ND2225-1R | 333.1 | 93.0 | 1.065 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 7.0 | 20.2 | 64.2 | 8.6 | 0.0 |
| ND2676-10 | 389.0 | 97.1 | 1.083 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 0.5 | 2.5 | 6.9 | 51.5 | 38.4 | 0.3 |
| Norchip | 399.6 | 92.1 | 1.081 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 5.5 | 2.2 | 6.0 | 45.1 | 40.3 | 0.8 |
| Nordonna | 360.0 | 96.2 | 1.070 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 3.6 | 10.6 | 64.4 | 21.3 | 0.0 |
| NorValley | 358.4 | 93.8 | 1.079 | 0.0 | 0.9 | 3.6 | 1.8 | 6.5 | 48.1 | 37.5 | 1.6 |
| Red Norland | 337.9 | 96.5 | 1.065 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 0.8 | 1.7 | 3.6 | 49.5 | 43.4 | 0.0 |
| 225 lbs N | |||||||||||
| ND2225-1R | 357.9 | 94.1 | 1.063 | 0.0 | 0.3 | 0.5 | 5.2 | 24.5 | 58.8 | 10.8 | 0.0 |
| ND2676-10 | 383.9 | 96.0 | 1.081 | 1.3 | 0.0 | 1.0 | 3.0 | 6.2 | 50.5 | 38.7 | 0.6 |
| Norchip | 409.6 | 92.9 | 1.079 | 0.3 | 0.7 | 4.1 | 2.3 | 5.9 | 48.1 | 37.3 | 1.6 |
| Nordonna | 343.6 | 96.5 | 1.066 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 3.1 | 9.1 | 62.1 | 25.3 | 0.0 |
| NorValley | 371.1 | 93.2 | 1.079 | 0.5 | 0.2 | 4.4 | 2.2 | 5.9 | 44.2 | 41.3 | 1.9 |
| Red Norland | 316.8 | 97.8 | 1.059 | 0.5 | 0.9 | 0.2 | 1.2 | 4.1 | 48.4 | 44.6 | 0.7 |
| 300 lbs N | |||||||||||
| ND2225-1R | 351.3 | 94.0 | 1.063 | 0.0 | 0.0 | 0.4 | 5.6 | 21.8 | 62.3 | 10.0 | 0.0 |
| ND2676-10 | 363.8 | 95.2 | 1.083 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 1.1 | 3.7 | 6.9 | 56.3 | 32.1 | 0.0 |
| Norchip | 430.1 | 91.9 | 1.078 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 6.4 | 1.6 | 4.7 | 39.3 | 47.3 | 0.6 |
| Nordonna | 422.9 | 95.7 | 1.066 | 0.0 | 0.1 | 0.7 | 3.6 | 10.5 | 56.8 | 28.4 | 0.0 |
| NorValley | 424.0 | 91.4 | 1.075 | 0.5 | 0.0 | 5.4 | 3.2 | 6.8 | 39.4 | 44.0 | 1.3 |
| Red Norland | 323.9 | 96.8 | 1.059 | 0.3 | 0.0 | 0.2 | 3.1 | 6.5 | 45.7 | 43.9 | 0.7 |
Return to top of potato by N study
Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site soil fertility studies page
Go to Oakes Irrigation Research Site 1997 annual report