Oakes Irrigation Research Site
Carrington Research Extension Center * North Dakota State University
P.O. Box 531, Oakes, ND 58474-0531, Voice: (701) 742-2189, FAX: (701) 742-2700, email: rgreenla@ndsuext.nodak.edu

CABBAGE WEED CONTROL STUDY, 1996

Richard G GreenlandCurrent cabbage production involves much hand weeding. The use of herbicides would reduce hand weeding and may reduce costs, but few herbicides are labeled for cabbage production. This study compared some herbicides that are labeled for cabbage.

Results summary

Table 55. Herbicide treatments.

Table 56. Weed control ratings and cabbage yield, stand, and size.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Soil: Hecla sandy loam and Embden sandy loam; pH=6.9; 2.8% organic matter; soil-P was high; soil-K was medium; soil-S was very low.
Previous crops: 1995 - oriental vegetables or watermelon; 1994 - tomato and pepper; 1993 - field corn.
Seedbed preparation: Disked on April 22. Multiweeded (field cultivated) three times on April 22, once to incorporate fertilizer and twice to incorporate herbicide.
Planting: Direct seeded 'King Cole' cabbage on April 23 with a Stanhay vegetable planter. Seeds were spaced about 7.5 inches apart in 16-inch rows. Plants were later thinned to 15 inches apart (about 26,000 plants/acre). Seeds were placed about 3/4 inch deep into a flat, fine seedbed.
Plots: Each plot was 6 ft wide by 17 ft long. There was a 3-ft check strip between plots. The study had 4 reps.
Fertilizer: On April 17, broadcast 14 lbs N/acre and 70 lbs P2O5/acre as 10-50-0, 16 lbs N/acre and 19 lbs S/acre as 21-0-0-24, and 94 lbs K20/acre as 0-0-60. Sprayed 35 lbs N/acre as 28-0-0 on April 22. Side dressed with 110 lbs N/acre as urea on July 8.
Irrigation: Surface drip irrigation as needed.
Pest Control: Weeds were controlled using the herbicides listed in table 55. Sevin (1.5 pts/acre on May 15 and May 29) controlled flea beetles. Cabbage was sprayed with Javelin (1 lb/acre) on July 15, with Asana (8 oz/acre) on July 10, July 25, and Aug 1, and with DiPel (1 lb/acre) on Aug 9 to control cabbage looper and cabbage worm.
Harvest: The center two rows of each plot were hand harvested on Aug. 27 to Aug. 29.

RESULTS

Results are given in Table 56. Devrinol was not effective as a herbicide, even at the higher rates. Treflan did not control nightshades but suppressed wild buckwheat and lambsquarters. Dacthal suppressed lambsquarters. Only Lentagran controlled nightshades. Lentagran also suppressed lambsquarters. A combination of Treflan, Dacthal, and Lentagran controlled all weeds the best. Yields, etc. were highest where the weeds (especially wild buckwheat) were controlled.

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Table 55. Herbicide treatments for the 1996 cabbage weed control studies.
Treatment number Herbicide(s) Rate(s)
(per acre)
Application timing1
1 Treflan 1 pt PPI
2 Devrinol 2 lbs PPI
3 Treflan + Devrinol 1 pt + 2 lbs PPI
4 Dacthal 8 lbs PRE
5 Treflan + Dacthal 1 pt + 8 lbs PPI + PRE
6 Devrinol + Dacthal 2 lbs + 8 lbs PPI + PRE
7 Treflan + Dacthal 1 pt + 8 lbs PPI + PRE
Lentagran 2 lbs POST
8 Treflan 1.5 pts PPI
9 Devrinol 3 lbs PPI
10 Dacthal 12 lbs PRE
11 Treflan + Lentagran 1 pt + 2 lbs PPI + POST
12 Devrinol + Lentagran 2 lbs + 2 lbs PPI + POST
13 Dacthal + Lentagran 8 lbs + 2 lbs PRE + POST
14 Treflan + Devrinol 1 pt + 2 lbs PPI
Dacthal 8 lbs PRE
15 Treflan 2 pts PPI
16 Devrinol 4 lbs PPI
17 Dacthal 16 lbs PRE
18 Treflan + Lentagran 1 pt + 3 lbs PPI + POST
19 Treflan + Lentagran 1 pt + 4 lbs PPI + POST
20 Treflan + Devrinol 1 pt + 2 lbs PPI
Lentagran 2 lbs POST
21 Devrinol + Dacthal 2 lbs + 8 lbs PPI + PRE
Lentagran 2 lbs POST

1PPI is preplant incorporated (April 22); PRE is preemergence (April 24); POST is post emergence (June 4; cabbage 4 to 5 inches tall; weeds ½ to 1½ inches tall).

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Table 56. Weed control ratings and cabbage yield, stand, and size for the 1996 cabbage weed control study.
Treatment number1 Weed control ratings Cabbage yield Number of heads Average head size
wild buckwheat hairy nightshade black nightshade lambs- quarters
-------------------------- % control ---------------------------- tons/acre 1000s/acre lbs/head
1 85 a-e2 34 efg 63 cde 84 bcd 32.5 a-d 25.6 abc 2.5 c-f
2 0 h 13 g 20 i 45 g 8.8 f 13.5 f 1.3 ghi
3 50 efg 10 g 30 ghi 78 de 26.7 cde 23.5 a-d 2.3 c-g
4 30 fg 33 efg 51 e-h 83 cd 19.7 e 22.3 a-d 1.7 f-i
5 80 a-e 55 b-e 68 b-e 100 a 27.5 b-e 19.7 cde 2.9 a-e
6 53 d-g 38 efg 30 ghi 93 abc 26.1 de 24.5 abc 2.1 d-h
7 89 ab 100 a 98 a 100 a 38.0 a 25.9 ab 3.1 a-d
8 77 a-e 70 a-d 88 a-d 85 bcd 33.1 a-d 25.5 abc 2.6 b-f
9 25 gh 30 efg 33 f-i 55 fg 8.6 f 14.2 ef 1.2 hi
10 60 b-e 40 d-g 63 de 90 a-d 25.8 de 25.5 abc 2.0 e-i
11 88 ab 73 abc 90 abc 90 a-d 33.8 a-d 19.9 b-e 3.7 a
12 60 b-e 98 a 95 a 90 a-d 32.1 a-d 24.0 abc 2.8 a-e
13 58 c-f 97 a 93 ab 98 ab 34.4 a-d 24.5 abc 2.8 a-e
14 96 a 70 a-d 63 de 95 abc 28.0 b-e 22.6 a-d 2.6 b-f
15 86 a-d 50 c-f 58 ef 98 ab 37.0 ab 22.8 a-d 3.3 abc
16 28 gh 23 fg 23 hi 65 ef 9.9 f 17.5 def 1.1 i
17 60 b-f 40 d-g 55 efg 90 a-d 20.5 e 25.0 abc 1.7 f-i
18 88 ab 83 ab 93 ab 98 ab 40.4 a 23.3 a-d 3.6 ab
19 85 abc 95 a 100 a 100 a 36.0 abc 24.0 abc 3.1 abc
20 63 b-e 83 ab 88 a-d 95 abc 38.6 a 26.2 a 3.0 a-e
21 73 a-e 88 a 95 a 100 a 35.2 a-d 23.8 abc 2.9 a-e
C.V. (%) 32 37 28 12 24 19 28

1See Table 55 for treatment definitions.
2Values in the same column followed by the same letter are not significantly different at the 0.05 level.

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