Long-Term Grazing Intensity Research in the Missouri Coteau of North Dakota
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Table 9. Frequency of plant species in 25 x 25 cm frames on silty range sites in 1988 and 2009 and their response to long term grazing. |
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Treatment |
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Ungrazed |
Light |
Moderate |
Heavy |
Extreme |
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Scientific Name - Common name |
1988 |
2009 |
1988 |
2009 |
1988 |
2009 |
1988 |
2009 |
1988 |
2009 |
Grazing Response |
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Poa pratensis L. - Kentucky bluegrass |
86.00 |
100.00 |
84.67 |
100.00 |
92.67 |
100.00 |
75.33 |
95.33 |
82.00 |
98.00 |
decrease |
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Pascopyrum smithii (Rydb.) A. Love - western wheatgrass |
58.67 |
64.67 |
30.00 |
54.00 |
64.67 |
78.00 |
42.67 |
76.00 |
57.67 |
78.67 |
increase |
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Carex inops Bailey ssp. heliophila (Mackenzie) Crins - sun sedge |
50.67 |
16.67 |
72.00 |
39.33 |
76.67 |
63.33 |
77.33 |
85.33 |
75.67 |
74.00 |
increase |
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Symphyotrichum ericoides (L.) Nesom var. ericoides - heath aster |
29.33 |
63.33 |
45.33 |
75.33 |
38.67 |
65.33 |
39.33 |
48.00 |
35.00 |
42.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Artemisia ludoviciana Nutt. - cudweed sagewort |
5.33 |
26.00 |
31.33 |
64.00 |
24.00 |
40.67 |
29.33 |
39.33 |
12.33 |
16.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Nassella viridula (Trin.) Barkworth - green needlegrass |
36.67 |
12.67 |
34.67 |
16.00 |
48.67 |
54.67 |
30.00 |
60.67 |
41.00 |
57.33 |
increase |
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Carex obtusata Lilj. - obtuse sedge |
16.00 |
44.00 |
16.67 |
79.33 |
15.33 |
42.67 |
8.67 |
44.00 |
6.67 |
18.00 |
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Achillea millefolium L. - western yarrow |
4.00 |
41.33 |
1.33 |
18.00 |
7.33 |
44.67 |
3.33 |
46.00 |
3.67 |
82.67 |
increase |
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Bouteloua gracilis (H.B.K.) Lag. ex Griffiths - blue grama |
49.33 |
3.33 |
24.67 |
11.33 |
42.00 |
39.33 |
45.33 |
56.67 |
30.33 |
50.67 |
increase |
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Taraxacum officinale Weber - common dandelion |
0.67 |
42.67 |
0.00 |
12.67 |
0.00 |
37.33 |
0.00 |
60.00 |
0.00 |
97.33 |
increase |
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Artemisia frigida Wild. - fringed sagewort |
8.67 |
4.67 |
2.67 |
4.00 |
4.67 |
21.33 |
6.67 |
66.67 |
3.33 |
38.00 |
increase |
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Vicia americana Muhl. ex Wild. - American vetch |
0.00 |
9.33 |
0.67 |
9.33 |
2.67 |
8.00 |
1.33 |
28.67 |
1.67 |
52.67 |
increase |
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Oligoneuron rigidum (L.) Small var. humile (Porter) Nesom - stiff goldenrod |
0.67 |
35.33 |
0.00 |
21.33 |
0.67 |
84.00 |
0.00 |
60.00 |
1.00 |
36.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Grindelia squarrosa (Pursh) Dun. - curly-cup gumweed |
0.67 |
10.00 |
0.67 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
26.00 |
0.00 |
59.33 |
1.00 |
63.33 |
increase |
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Stipa curtiseta (A. S. Hitchc.) Barkworth - western porcupine grass |
8.67 |
4.67 |
16.00 |
18.67 |
4.00 |
11.33 |
8.00 |
19.33 |
8.33 |
14.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Cerastium arvense L. - prairie chickweed |
0.00 |
19.33 |
0.00 |
13.33 |
0.00 |
45.33 |
0.00 |
48.00 |
0.00 |
85.33 |
increase |
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Ambrosia psilostachya DC. - western ragweed |
3.33 |
60.67 |
2.00 |
50.67 |
3.33 |
59.33 |
0.67 |
13.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Dichanthelium wilcoxianum (Vassey) Freckmann - Wilcox dichanthelium |
0.00 |
2.67 |
2.00 |
14.67 |
3.33 |
48.00 |
2.67 |
50.67 |
2.00 |
24.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Astragalus agrestis Dougl. ex G. Don - field milk-vetch |
2.67 |
8.00 |
1.33 |
6.00 |
2.00 |
18.00 |
3.33 |
16.67 |
7.33 |
26.00 |
increase |
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Cirsium flodmanii (Rydb.) Arthur - Flodman’s thistle |
0.00 |
18.00 |
6.67 |
50.67 |
6.67 |
26.00 |
4.00 |
19.33 |
1.33 |
6.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Koeleria macrantha (Ledeb.) J.A. Schultes - Junegrass |
8.67 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
4.00 |
20.67 |
0.00 |
25.33 |
3.33 |
27.33 |
increase |
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Stipa comata Trin. & Rupr. - needle-and-thread |
14.67 |
0.00 |
17.33 |
2.67 |
14.67 |
10.67 |
29.33 |
26.67 |
28.67 |
5.33 |
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Androsace occidentalis Pursh - western rock jasmine |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
6.67 |
0.00 |
12.67 |
0.00 |
37.33 |
0.00 |
23.33 |
increase |
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Ratibida columnifera (Nutt.) Woot. & Standl. - prairie coneflower |
3.33 |
2.00 |
1.33 |
7.33 |
2.00 |
18.00 |
2.00 |
28.00 |
2.00 |
14.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Carex eleocharis Bailey. - needle-leaved sedge |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
4.00 |
0.00 |
32.00 |
0.00 |
25.33 |
increase |
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Elymus repens (L.) Gould - quackgrass |
0.67 |
12.00 |
2.00 |
45.33 |
1.33 |
48.00 |
0.00 |
11.33 |
2.00 |
19.33 |
increase-decrease |
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Lotus purshianus (Benth.) Clem. & Clem. - deer vetch |
0.00 |
31.33 |
0.00 |
4.67 |
2.00 |
22.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
14.67 |
decrease |
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Solidago mollis Bartl. - soft goldenrod |
0.67 |
8.00 |
0.00 |
22.00 |
2.67 |
11.33 |
4.00 |
9.33 |
6.00 |
3.33 |
increase-decrease |
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Helianthus pauciflorus Nutt. ssp. pauciflorus - stiff sunflower |
0.00 |
24.00 |
10.67 |
9.33 |
0.00 |
10.67 |
6.67 |
2.00 |
4.67 |
0.00 |
decrease |
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Comandra umbellata (L.) Nutt. - comandra |
0.00 |
0.00 |
8.00 |
8.67 |
7.33 |
12.67 |
0.67 |
10.00 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Oxalis stricta L. - yellow wood sorrel |
0.00 |
14.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
10.00 |
0.00 |
7.33 |
0.00 |
18.00 |
increase |
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Rosa arkansana Porter - prairie rose |
0.00 |
3.33 |
12.67 |
17.33 |
0.67 |
3.33 |
6.67 |
4.00 |
2.00 |
0.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Hedeoma hispidum Pursh - rough false pennyroyal |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
7.33 |
0.00 |
6.00 |
increase |
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Plantago patagonica Jacq. - wooly plantain |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
20.67 |
0.00 |
11.33 |
increase |
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Euphorbia serpyllifolia Pers. - thyme-leaved spurge |
0.00 |
2.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
14.67 |
0.00 |
29.33 |
0.00 |
16.00 |
increase |
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Potentilla pensylvanica L. - Pennsylvania cinquefoil |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
5.33 |
0.00 |
16.67 |
0.00 |
25.33 |
increase |
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Bromus inermis Leyss. - smooth brome |
0.00 |
2.00 |
1.33 |
25.33 |
1.33 |
8.67 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Artemisia absinthium L. - wormwood |
0.00 |
26.00 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
7.33 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
decrease |
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Sphaeralcea coccinea (Pursh) Rydb. - scarlet globe mallow |
14.67 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
7.33 |
2.67 |
4.00 |
0.67 |
10.33 |
5.33 |
increase |
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Penstemon gracilis Nutt. - slender beardtongue |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
8.67 |
0.00 |
6.67 |
0.00 |
17.33 |
increase |
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Tragopogon dubius Scop. - goat's beard |
0.67 |
5.33 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
0.67 |
3.33 |
0.67 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
decrease |
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Geum triflorum Pursh - prairie smoke |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
6.67 |
0.00 |
10.00 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
increase |
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Artemisia dracunculus L. - green sagewort |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
5.33 |
0.67 |
12.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Carex filifolia Nutt. - thread-leaved sage |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.00 |
10.67 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Agrostis hyemalis (Walt.) B.S.P. - ticklegrass |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
14.00 |
invader |
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Draba nemorosa L. - yellow whitlowort |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
8.67 |
increase |
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Medicago lupulina L. - black medic |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
30.67 |
Invader |
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Lithospermum incisum Lehm. - yellow puccoon |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
6.00 |
0.00 |
2.00 |
Increase-decrease |
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Antennaria neglecta Greene - field pussy-toes |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
0.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
10.00 |
increase |
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Erysimum asperum (Nutt.) DC. - western wallflower |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Sisyrinchium montanum Greene. - blue-eyed grass |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
increase-decrease |
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Calamagrostis montanensis (Scribn.) Scribn. - plains reedgrass |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
4.00 |
0.00 |
7.33 |
0.00 |
4.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Lepidium densiflorum Schrad. - peppergrass |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
increase |
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Asclepias ovalifolia Dcne. - ovalleaf milkweed |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.67 |
4.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Arabis hirsuta (L.) Scop. var. pycnocarpa (Hopkins) Rollins - rock cress |
0.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
6.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Juncus interior Wieg. - inland rush |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
invader |
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Potentilla norvegica L. - Norwegian cinquefoil |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
increase |
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Chrysopsis villosa (Pursh) Nutt. - golden aster |
0.00 |
0.00 |
1.33 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
2.00 |
2.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
increase-decrease |
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Erysimum inconspicuum (S. Wats.) MacM. - smallflower wallflower |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Polygonum ramosissimum Michx. - bushy knotweed |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
invader |
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Orthocarpus luteus Nutt. - owl clover |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
increase-decrease |
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Psoralea esculenta Pursh - breadroot scurf-pea |
0.00 |
0.67 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
decrease |
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Trifolium repens L. - white clover |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
0.00 |
3.33 |
Invader |
