North Dakota State University * Dickinson Research Extension Center
1133 State Avenue, Dickinson, ND 58601 Voice: (701) 483-2348 FAX: (701)
483-2005
VARIETY TRIALS WITH SMALL GRAIN
The variety trials with small grains are conducted to compare and evaluate the varieties of the several small grains that are available or are soon to become available for use on farms. These tests provide comparative data on yield, disease reaction in the field and data on other agronomic characteristics important to the commercial grower. Grain is also supplied from these trials for milling and baking tests, for tests on malting quality and for other quality determinations.
Variety trials have been conducted at the Dickinson Experiment Station since 1908, and have provided much useful information on the varietal performance of the several small grains under western North Dakota conditions. New varieties are being developed periodically, and these need to be compared with the varieties currently in use and evaluated for possible future use in this region.
The variety trials are seeded on summerfallow. First tillage of the summerfallow is with the moldboard plow. Maintenance of the summerfallow is with the duckfoot cultivator. Tillage of the summerfallow before seeding is with the duckfoot cultivator. Seeding is done with a double disk press drill in a randomized block arrangement. Seeding rates are 1 bushel per acre for wheat, durum and rye, 1 1/4 bushel per acre for barley, 1½ bushel per acre for oats and ½ bushel per acre for flax.
Fertilizer application is uniform for all varieties and follows recommendations based on soil test. Present recommendations for this site are 5 - 10 lbs. nitrogen per acre and 30 - 40 lbs. P2O5 per acre when soil moisture is low at seeding time. The nitrogen will be increased to 15 - 30 lbs. per acre when the soil moisture at seeding time is medium, and 35 - 40 lbs. per acre when soil moisture at seeding time is high.
Weed control is uniform and follows the current recommendations of the North Dakota Agricultural Experiment Station.
Data from the 1965 small grain variety trials at Dickinson are found in the following tables 1 through 11.
| Table 1. Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trial. Dickinson 1965 | ||||||||||
| Variety | Yield - Bushels per acre | Test Wt. | Date Head | % Rust | % Black Chaff | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Av. | Stem | Leaf | ||||
| Thatcher | 12.3 | 14.3 | 16.5 | 19.3 | 15.6 | 59.0 | 6-29 | 30 | 85 | 0 |
| Selkirk | 12.1 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 17.6 | 15.1 | 59.5 | 6-29 | 5 | 60 | 0 |
| Justin | 12.3 | 16.2 | 16.3 | 28.6 | 18.4 | 56.5 | 7-4 | 0 | 10 | 0 |
| Crim | 17..4 | 18.3 | 16.9 | 30.8 | 20.9 | 61.0 | 6-29 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Chris | 12.2 | 18.5 | 16.0 | 27.1 | 18.5 | 60.0 | 6-29 | 0 | 50 | 0 |
| Pembina | 11.0 | 15.7 | 16.5 | 27.0 | 17.6 | 58.0 | 6-29 | 0 | 50 | 30 |
| RL 4159 | 15.4 | 14.3 | 16.0 | 19.8 | 16.4 | 60.5 | 6-29 | T | 20 | 0 |
| Mont. 61-95 | 11.0 | 15.0 | 19.8 | 25.7 | 17.9 | 60.5 | 6-30 | 0 | 0 | 25 |
| 60-54 | 11.0 | 15.4 | 15.4 | 28.6 | 17.6 | 58.5 | 6-30 | T | 10 | 30 |
| ND 264 | 20.5 | 25.3 | 22.7 | 45.5 | 28.5 | 58.0 | 7-5 | 0 | T | 0 |
| ND 405 | 14.3 | 18.7 | 19.6 | 32.1 | 21.2 | 61.0 | 7-2 | 0 | T | 0 |
| Minn. 54-30 | 19.8 | 18.8 | 15.6 | 24.2 | 19.6 | 60.0 | 7-2 | 0 | T | T |
| Nordman | 13.4 | 15.4 | 18.2 | 32.8 | 20.0 | 59.5 | 7-3 | T | 30 | T |
| Plainsmen | 13.0 | 14.5 | 16.5 | 30.3 | 18.6 | 58.5 | 7-4 | 0 | 40 | T |
| ND 407 | 18.4 | 19.1 | 19.6 | 28.4 | 21.4 | 62.5 | 7-2 | 0 | 20 | 0 |
| Canthatch | 13.2 | 14.1 | 14.7 | 25.3 | 16.8 | 58.5 | 6-30 | T | 60 | 0 |
| Lee | 10.8 | 14.5 | 14.5 | 23.3 | 15.8 | 54.0 | 6-29 | 60 | 70 | 0 |
| Analysis of Variance | ||||
| Source | DF | SS | MS | F |
| Replication | 3 | 1785.88 | 595.29 | 73.67 |
| Treatment | 18 | 637.75 | 39.85 | 4.93 |
| Error | 48 | 387.84 | 8.08 | |
| Total | 67 | 2811.48 | ||
| Standard error of a treatment mean -
1.4212 Standard error of a difference among treatment means - 2.0099 The C.V. = 15.12 P.C. The LSD @ 1% is 5.4 bushels per acre. |
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| Table 2. Comparative Yields - Hard Red Spring Wheat Variety Trials. 1958-1965 | ||||||||||
| Variety | Yield in bushels per acre | Average yields | ||||||||
| 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962* | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1958-1965 | 1963-1965 | |
| Lee | 22.8 | 15.0 | 26.4 | 10.6 | --- | 35.7 | 18.7 | 15.8 | 20.7 | 23.4 |
| Selkirk | 28.6 | 13.3 | 26.0 | 10.8 | --- | 38.3 | 19.9 | 15.1 | 21.7 | 24.4 |
| Thatcher | 29.9 | 14.0 | 23.9 | 7.6 | --- | 39.3 | 21.4 | 15.6 | 21.7 | 25.4 |
| Canthatch | 34.2 | 15.2 | 25.5 | 11.4 | --- | 37.1 | 26.9 | 16.8 | 23.9 | 26.9 |
| Pembina | 25.7 | 10.2 | --- | 33.8 | 22.1 | 17.6 | --- | 24.5 | ||
| Crim | 25.4 | 11.5 | --- | 37.7 | 19.1 | 20.9 | --- | 25.9 | ||
| Justin | 12.3 | --- | 33.2 | 22.4 | 18.4 | --- | 24.7 | |||
| *Trials destroyed by hail in 1962. The year 1962 not included in the averages. | ||||||||||
| Table 3. Durum Wheat Variety Trial. Dickinson 1965 | ||||||||||
| Variety | Yield - Bushels per acre | Test Wt. | Date Head | % Rust | Lodging % | |||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Av. | Leaf | Stem | ||||
| Mindum | 11.0 | 16.5 | 22.0 | 22.0 | 17.9 | 65.0 | 7-7 | T | 25 | 25 |
| Wells | 13.2 | 18.2 | 27.5 | 41.8 | 25.2 | 60.0 | 7-4 | 0 | 0 | 0 |
| Lakota | 12.1 | 16.5 | 27.5 | 37.4 | 23.4 | 60.0 | 7-5 | 5 | 0 | 0 |
| Stewart 63 | 15.4 | 24.4 | 26.6 | 37.8 | 26.1 | 63.0 | 7-9 | T | 0 | 40 |
| Analysis of Variance | ||||
| Source | DF | SS | MS | F |
| Replication | 3 | 1058.92 | 352.97 | 22.57 |
| Treatment | 3 | 161.53 | 53.84 | 3.44 |
| Error | 9 | 140.72 | 15.63 | |
| Total | 15 | 1361.18 | ||
| Standard Error of a Treatment Mean =
1.9771 Standard Error of a difference among treatment means = 2.7960 The C.V. = 17.10 P.C. The LSD @ 5% is 6.2 bushels per acre |
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| Table 4. Comparative Yields Durum Wheat Variety Trials. 1958-1965 | |||||||||
| Variety | 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962* | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | Average Yield 1958-1965 |
| Mindum | 29.0 | 14.8 | 23.4 | 12.6 | --- | 26.4 | 20.4 | 17.9 | 20.6 |
| Wells | 34.3 | 17.7 | 26.4 | 12.8 | --- | 29.6 | 26.7 | 25.2 | 24.7 |
| Lakota | 34.7 | 15.5 | 27.2 | 14.0 | --- | 29.7 | 26.1 | 23.4 | 24.4 |
| Stewart 63 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 33.2 | 26.1 | --- |
| *Trials destroyed by hail in 1962. The year 1962 not included in the averages. | |||||||||
| Table 5. Oats Variety Trial. Dickinson 1965 | |||||||||
| Variety | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Av. | Test Wt. | Date Head | % Lodging | Height Inches |
| Burnett | 73.0 | 65.2 | 45.6 | 55.3 | 59.8 | 41.0 | 6-30 | 0 | 28 |
| Russell | 77.6 | 62.3 | 50.1 | 53.2 | 60.8 | 39.5 | 7-4 | 0 | 26 |
| Garry | 74.3 | 53.6 | 49.9 | 44.6 | 55.6 | 42.0 | 7-4 | 0 | 30 |
| Rodney | 70.1 | 54.9 | 49.1 | 69.3 | 60.9 | 41.0 | 7-5 | 0 | 28 |
| Ortley | 84.6 | 97.0 | 53.6 | 51.6 | 71.7 | 39.0 | 7-5 | 0 | 31 |
| Lodi | 72.2 | 69.7 | 58.2 | 53.6 | 63.4 | 39.0 | 7-5 | 0 | 27 |
| Early Rodney C.I. 7387 | 65.0 | 46.2 | 42.5 | 54.7 | 52.1 | 39.0 | 6-28 | 0 | 26 |
| Brave CI 7690 | 77.0 | 73.0 | 45.4 | 54.5 | 62.5 | 38.0 | 6-28 | 0 | 25 |
| C.I. 8029 | 61.7 | 48.9 | 41.5 | 53.0 | 51.3 | 38.0 | 6-27 | 0 | 28 |
| Gopher | 71.0 | 50.8 | 38.8 | 58.2 | 54.7 | 38.5 | 7-2 | 0 | 24 |
| Sauk | 77.4 | 57.8 | 45.8 | 61.9 | 60.7 | 40.0 | 7-5 | 0 | 31 |
| Ransom | 73.4 | 50.8 | 40.6 | 44.4 | 52.3 | 39.0 | 6-28 | 0 | 28 |
| Vicar | 69.1 | 74.5 | 45.8 | 65.6 | 63.8 | 37.5 | 7-5 | 0 | 32 |
| Analysis of Variance | ||||
| Source | DF | SS | MS | F |
| Replication | 3 | 4725.50 | 1575.16 | 26.55 |
| Treatment | 12 | 1630.01 | 135.83 | 2.28 |
| Error | 36 | 2135.64 | 59.32 | |
| Total | 51 | 8491.15 | ||
| Standard error of a treatment mean -
3.8510 Standard error of a difference among treatment means - 5.4462 The C.V. = 13.01 P.C. The LSD @ 1% is 14.8 bushels per acre. |
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| Table 6. Comparative Yields Oats Variety Trials. 1958-1965 | ||||||||||
| Variety | Yield in bushels per acre | Average yields | ||||||||
| 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962* | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1958-1965 | 1963-1965 | |
| Ransom | 63.8 | 34.2 | 49.3 | 16.0 | --- | 56.4 | 33.1 | 52.3 | 43.6 | 47.3 |
| Gopher | 80.4 | 35.9 | 59.5 | 27.7 | --- | 72.4 | 42.9 | 54.7 | 53.4 | 56.7 |
| Rodney | 64.3 | 39.8 | 53.0 | 22.4 | --- | 71.9 | 47.6 | 60.9 | 51.4 | 60.1 |
| Garry | 64.9 | 37.2 | 51.8 | 19.1 | --- | 73.6 | 37.7 | 55.6 | 48.5 | 55.6 |
| Sauk | 68.5 | 38.1 | 58.8 | 27.1 | --- | 73.3 | 49.8 | 60.7 | 53.7 | 61.3 |
| Burnett | 63.2 | 28.7 | 43.9 | 14.3 | --- | 64.6 | 39.6 | 59.8 | 44.9 | 54.7 |
| Vicar hulless | 47.6 | 29.0 | 26.2 | 11.0 | --- | 25.9 | 37.9 | 63.8 | 34.5 | 42.5 |
| Russell | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 74.6 | 44.1 | 60.8 | --- | 59.8 |
| Lodi | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 64.4 | 55.5 | 63.4 | --- | 61.1 |
| Ortley | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 77.0 | 36.7 | 71.7 | --- | 61.8 |
| Early Rodney C.I. 7387 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| Brave CI 7690 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| C.I. 8029 | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- |
| *Trials destroyed by hail in 1962. The year not included in the average. | ||||||||||
| Table 7. Barley Variety Trial. Dickinson 1965 | |||||||||
| Variety | 1 | 2 | 3 | 4 | Av. | Test Wt. | Date Head | Lodging | Height Inches |
| Traill | 66.0 | 39.9 | 37.1 | 20.6 | 40.9 | 49.5 | 6-27 | 0 | 24 |
| Parkland | 57.8 | 38.5 | 38.5 | 17.9 | 38.2 | 48.5 | 6-28 | 0 | 26 |
| Trophy | 57.8 | 42.6 | 33.0 | 20.6 | 38.5 | 49.0 | 6-29 | 0 | 23 |
| Larker | 64.6 | 44.0 | 35.8 | 15.1 | 39.9 | 51.0 | 6-28 | 0 | 24 |
| Tregal | 61.9 | 41.3 | 27.5 | 22.0 | 38.2 | 46.0 | 7-1 | 0 | 21 |
| Keystone | 68.8 | 52.3 | 23.4 | 20.6 | 41.3 | 48.5 | 7-2 | 0 | 27 |
| Unitan | 57.8 | 42.6 | 34.4 | 23.4 | 39.6 | 47.0 | 7-1 | 0 | 21 |
| Jubilee | 60.5 | 37.1 | 27.5 | 22.0 | 36.8 | 44.0 | 7-1 | 0 | 21 |
| Husky | 66.0 | 48.1 | 26.1 | 24.8 | 41.3 | 43.0 | 7-1 | 0 | 23 |
| Betzes | 70.2 | 45.4 | 48.1 | 31.6 | 48.8 | 47.5 | 6-30 | 0 | 21 |
| Palliser | 59.1 | 55.0 | 26.1 | 22.0 | 40.6 | 45.0 | 7-2 | 0 | 22 |
| Dickson | 55.0 | 42.6 | 37.1 | 23.4 | 39.5 | 48.0 | 6-30 | 0 | 22 |
| Yukon | 53.6 | 60.5 | 35.8 | 31.6 | 45.4 | 45.5 | 7-3 | 0 | 23 |
| Conquest | 45.4 | 44.0 | 19.3 | 27.5 | 34.1 | 48.0 | 6-29 | 0 | 27 |
| Analysis of Variance | ||||
| Source | DF | SS | MS | F |
| Replication | 3 | 11046.98 | 3682.32 | 96.42 |
| Treatment | 13 | 662.68 | 50.97 | 1.33 |
| Error | 39 | 1489.32 | 38.18 | |
| Total | 55 | 13198.99 | ||
| Standard error of a treatment - 3.0898 Standard error of a difference among treatment means - 4.3696 The C.V. = 15.37 P.C. The L.S.D. @ 1% is 11.8 bushels per acre |
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| Table 8. Comparative Yields Barley Variety Trials. 1958-1965 | ||||||||||
| Variety | Yield in bushels per acre | Average yields | ||||||||
| 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962 | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | 1958-1965 | 1963-1965 | |
| Traill | 62.4 | 31.2 | 53.6 | 10.3 | --- | 45.2 | 47.4 | 40.9 | 41.6 | 44.5 |
| Tregal | 56.5 | 34.5 | 53.5 | 11.4 | --- | 45.3 | 38.9 | 38.2 | 39.8 | 40.8 |
| Husky | 60.2 | 29.6 | 42.6 | 10.3 | --- | 53.0 | 54.0 | 41.3 | 41.6 | 49.4 |
| Parkland | 52.8 | 25.6 | 50.2 | 9.7 | --- | 44.9 | 43.9 | 38.2 | 37.9 | 42.3 |
| Betzes | 65.3 | 31.7 | 56.0 | 16.3 | --- | 52.8 | 59.1 | 48.8 | 47.1 | 53.6 |
| Trophy | --- | --- | --- | 11.0 | --- | 49.5 | 42.0 | 38.5 | --- | 43.3 |
| Larker | --- | --- | --- | 12.8 | --- | 47.3 | 38.0 | 39.9 | --- | 41.7 |
| Jubilee | --- | --- | --- | 8.3 | --- | 52.9 | 51.0 | 36.8 | --- | 46.9 |
| Keystone | --- | --- | --- | 14.1 | --- | 57.7 | 52.3 | 41.3 | --- | 50.4 |
| Unitan | --- | --- | --- | 12.6 | --- | 54.0 | 18.8 | 39.6 | --- | 37.5 |
| Palliser | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 56.8 | 44.6 | 40.6 | --- | 47.3 |
| Dickson | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 42.3 | 53.1 | 39.5 | --- | 45.0 |
| Yukon | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 45.4 | --- | --- |
| Conquest | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | --- | 34.1 | --- | --- |
| Table 9. Winter Rye Variety Trial. Dickinson 1965 | ||||||||
| Variety | Yield - bushels per acre | Test Wt. | Date | Height Inches | ||||
| 1 | 2 | 3 | Av. | Head | Cut | |||
| Caribou | 74.2 | 67.4 | 63.6 | 68.4 | 55.0 | 6-2 | 8-2 | 49 |
| Antelope | 64.4 | 61.5 | 51.1 | 59.0 | 50.5 | 6-2 | 8-2 | 48 |
| Dakold | 58.8 | 53.8 | 51.4 | 54.7 | 56.0 | 6-2 | 8-2 | 46 |
| Analysis of Variance | ||||
| Source | DF | SS | MS | F |
| Replication | 2 | 163.48 | 81.74 | 15.93 |
| Treatment | 2 | 295.74 | 147.87 | 28.81 |
| Error | 4 | 20.52 | 5.13 | |
| Total | 8 | 479.74 | ||
| Standard Error of a treatment mean -
1.3078 Standard error of a difference among treatment means - 1.8495 The C.V. = 3.73 P.C. The LSD @ 1% is 8.5 bushels per acre. |
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| Table 10. Comparative Yields Rye Variety Trials Seeded on Summerfallow. 1958-1965 | |||||||||
| Variety | Yield in Bushel Per Acre | Average Yield | |||||||
| 1958 | 1959 | 1960 | 1961 | 1962* | 1963 | 1964 | 1965 | ||
| Dakold | 10.3 | 13.3 | 17.9 | 9.1 | --- | 35.2 | 24.0 | 54.7 | 23.5 |
| Caribou | 12.2 | 14.1 | 18.2 | 9.0 | --- | 33.8 | 22.9 | 68.4 | 25.5 |
| Antelope | 12.1 | 13.9 | 17.5 | 9.3 | --- | 33.1 | 25.0 | 59.0 | 24.3 |
| *Trials destroyed by hail in 1962. The year 1962 not included in the average. | |||||||||
| Table 11. Comparative Yields Rye Variety Trials Seeded on Stubble Land. 1963-1964. | |||
| Variety | Yield in bushels per acre | Average Yield 1963-1964 |
|
| 1963 | 1964 | ||
| Dakold | 35.1 | 16.9 | 26.0 |
| Caribou | 36.6 | 17.8 | 27.2 |
| Antelope | 34.8 | 16.1 | 25.5 |
| Elk | 46.9 | 17.7 | 32.3 |
Rye yields on stubble land for 1963 and 1964 are shown in table 11. Rye seeded with a press drill on stubble land in the fall of 1964 for 1965 harvest made a very unsatisfactory growth in the fall and survival of this planting was zero in the spring of 1965. However, rye seeded with the hoe drill in standing stubble in the fall of 1964 produced 33.4 bushels per acre. Rye seeded on summerfallow with the hoe drill yielded 55.4 bushels per acre. Rye seeded on summerfallow with the hoe drill yielded 55.4 bushels per acre.