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USDA Weed Control Compendium

Systemic Herbicides for Weed Control
Phenoxy herbicides, dicamba, picloram, amitrole, and glyphosate

AD-BU-2281, December 1983
 Published and distributed in cooperation with the Extension Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC.


Authors:
Dayton L. Klingman, Weed Science Laboratory, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Dept of Agriculture, Beltsville, MD 20705
R.W. Bovey, Agricultural Research Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Texas A&M University, College Station, TX 77843
E.L. Knake, Agronomy Department, University of Illinois, Urbana, 61801
A.H. Lange, San Joaquin Valley Agricultural Research and Extension Center, University of California, Parlier, CA 93648
J.A. Meade, Soils and Crops Department, Rutgers University, New Brunswick, NJ 08903
W.A. Skroach, Department of Horticultural Science, North Carolina State University, Raleigh, NC 27650
R.E. Stewart, Forest Service, U.S. Department of Agriculture, Washington, DC 20013,
D.L. Wyse, Department of Agronomy and Plant Genetics, University of Minnesota, St. Paul, MN 55108

Susceptibility Chart

Table 1 lists the effects of phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides when applied as sprays on the foliage of a number of common weeds. These comparisons are based on an application rate of:
1 pound acid equivalent per acre for 2,4-D, MCPA, mecoprop, dicamba, and picloram;
1.5 pounds per acre for 2,4-DB and glyphosate; and
4 pounds per acre for amitrole (active ingredient).

The control ratings for the herbicides are interpreted as follows:

Excellent (E) Over 95 percent of the weed population is killed by a single treatment.
Good (G) One treatment per year maintains 85 to 94 percent suppression of top growth, or more than 95 percent of the weed population is killed by two or three treatments.
Fair (F) From 60 to 85 percent of the weed population is killed by a single treatment, or two or three treatments per year maintain 85 to 94 percent suppression of top growth.
Poor (P) From 10 to 59 percent of the weed population is killed by one treatment, or two or three treatments per year maintain 60-84 percent suppression of top growth.
None N) Little or no effect is gained from treatments.

Woody plants have been largely excluded from table 1. For response of woody plants to herbicides, see USDA AH 493, Response of Woody Plants in the Untied States to Herbicides.

Labels on each herbicide show the specific registered uses.
Follow all label directions for best results and to ensure safety.
Some general uses are discussed in this bulletin.
Table 1 lists common weed species and their responses to these herbicides.

Table 1. Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
   

Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-D Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Alexandergrass (Brachiaria plantaginea) Annual - - - - - - - E
Alligatorweed (Alternanthera philoxeroides) Perennial P N - - - - - -
Alyssum, hoary (Beteroa incana) Perennial F F - P F E F E
     Yellow (Alyssum alyssoides) Annual F F - P F F F E
Amaranth
     Green (Amaramhus hybridus) Annual E G - P E E E E
     Palmer (A. palmeri) Annual E G - P E E E E
     Powell (A. powellii) Annual E G - P E E E E
     Sandhills (A. arenicola) Annual E G - P E E E E
     Spiny (A. spinosus) Annual E G - P E E E E
     See also Pigweed.
Ammannia, pink (Ammania teres) Annual - - - E E E - E
Amorpha, leadplant (Amorpha canescens) Perennial - - - - F - - G
Angelica, purplestem (Angelica atropurpurea) Perennial G P - F G E G E
Anoda, spurred (Anoda cristata) Annual G G - F G E E E
Arrowgrass, seaside (Triglochin maritima) Perennial F - - - G E F E
Arrowhead
     Annual (Sagittaria calycina) Annual E E - E G E F E
     Perennial (S. longiloba) Perennial F F - - - - - E
Aster
     Many-flowered (Aster ericoides) Perennial G - - - E E G G
     Slender (A. exilis) Perennial E E - G E E - -
     Smooth (A. laevis) Perennial G F - F G E E G
     Spiny (A. spinosus) Perennial N N - N - F - G
     Western (A. occidentalis) Perennial P - - N G E G G
     White heath (A. pilosus) Perennial F - - N F E G G
     Woody (Xylorrhiza parryi) Perennial P N - - P P P P
Baileya, desert (Baileya multiradiata) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Balloonvine (Cardiospermum halicacabum) Perennial G - - - - - - E
Baneberry, red (Actaea rubra) Perennial - - - - F G - G
Barley, foxtail (Hordeum jubatum) Perennial N N - N N N F G
     Little (H. pusillum) Annual N N - N N N E E
Bassia, five-hook (Bassia hyssopifolia) Annual F - - - G G F G
Beachgrass, European (Ammophila arenaria) Perennial N N - N N N F F
Beardgrass, bushy (Andropogon glomeratus) Perennial N N - N N N - -
Bedstraw
     Cleavers (Gallium aparine) Perennial P N F N G E E E
     Smooth (G. mollugo) Perennial N N - N F F - G
Beeplant, Rocky Mountain (Cleome serrulata) Annual F - - - - - - -
Beggarticks, bearded (Bidens aristosa) Biennial E E - E E E E E
     Devils (B. frondosa) Annual E E - - E E E E
     Leafbract (B. comosa) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Nodding (B. cernua) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Tall (B. vulgata) Annual E E - E E E E E
Bellflower, creeping (Campanula rapunculoides) Perennial P P - P F E F E
Bentgrass, colonial (Agrostis tenuis) Perennial N N - N N N G E
     Creeping (A. stolonifera) Perennial N N - N N N G E
     Velvet (A. canina) Perennial N N - N N N G E
Bindweed
     Field (Convolvulus arvensis) Perennial G G F F G G P G
     Hedge (C. septum) Perennial G G F F G G P G
Biscuitroot (Lomatium leptocarpum) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Bistort, American (Polygonum bistortoides) Perennial F - - N - - - -
Bittercress, hairy (Cardamine hirsute) Annual G E - E E E E E
Blackeyed susan (Rudbeckia serotina) Perennial G - - - E E E E
Bloodweed (Ambrosia aptera) Annual E - - - E E - -
Blueweed, Texas (Helianthus ciliaris) Perennial G G - F E E - G
Bouncingbet (Saponaria officinalis) Perennial P N - N G F E F
Bracken (Pteridium aquilinum) Perennial N N P N G F P G
Brome, California (Bromus carinatus) Annual N N - N - - - -
     Downy (B. tectorum) Annual N N - N N P E E
     Field (B. arvensis) Annual N N - N N N E G
     Japanese (B. japonicus) Annual N N - N N P E E
Broomsedge (Andropogon virginicus) Perennial N N - N N N F E
Broomweed (Gutierrezia dracunculoides) Annual G - - - G E F F
Broomrape (Orobanche ramosa) Annual F - - - F - - G
Buckwheat
     Tartary (Fagopyrum tataricum) Annual P E - - E E G E
     Wild (Polygonum convolvulus) Annual F P F F E E E E
Buffalobur (Solanum rostratum) Annual F P - P F G F G
Bugloss, common (Anchusa officinalis) Perennial - - - F F - - G
Bugseed (Corispermum hyssopifolium) Annual E E - E E E E E
Bullnettle (Cnidoscolus stimulosus) Perennial G F - - G G G G
Bulrush (Scirpus spp.) Perennial F F - N - - - -

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2: E = excellent. G = good. F = fair. P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.

 

Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
   

Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Burcucumber (Sicyos angulatus) Annual P F - P P E E E
Burdock, common (Arctium minus) Biennial E E - E E E F G
     Great (A. lappa) Biennial E E - E G - G E
     Wooly (A. tomentosum) Biennial E E - E F - F E
Bur-head (Echinodorus cordifolius) Annual E E - - - - - -
Burroweed (Haplopappus tenuisectus) Perennial G - - - E E - -
Buttercup
     Bur (Ceratocephalus testiculatus) Annual P F G - F - - -
     Celery leaf (Ranunculus sceleratus) Annual F - G - - - - -
     Corn (R. arvensis) Annual G E G E F F G -
     Creeping (R. repens) Perennial G E F G G F G -
     Tall (R. acris) Perennial G E - E G G G E
Campion, bladder (Silene vulgaris) Perennial N N - N G E E E
Canarygrass, reed (Pharlaris arundinacea) Perennial N N - N N N G G
Carpetgrass (Axonopus affinis) Perennial F P - P F F E E
Carpetweed (Mollugo verticillata) Annual E - G E E E E E
Carrol, wild (Daucus carota) Biennial F F P F G G E G
Catchfly, night flowering (Silene noctiflora) Annual N N N N E E G E
Catnip (Nepeta cataria) Perennial G - - - E E E G
Catsear, spoiled (Hypochoeris radicata) Perennial G E - E E E E -
Cattail
     Broadleaf (Typha latifolia) Perennial F P - P G G G G
     Narrowleaf (T. angustifolia) Perennial F P - P - - G G
Celandine, greater (Chelidonium majus) Biennial - - - - - G E -
Chamomile, corn (Anthemis arvensis) Biennial F G - G G E E E
     Garden (Chamaemelum nobile) Annual - - - - G - - E
     Yellow (Anthemis tinctoria) Perennial - - - - F - - G
Cheat (Bromus secalinus) Annual N N - N N F E E
Chervil, wild (Chaerophyllum tainturieri) Annual F - N G - - E
Chess, hairy (Bromus commutatus) Annual N N - N N N E E
     Soft (B. molIis) Annual N N - N N N E E
Chickweed
     Common (Stellaria media) Annual F P E F E E G E
     Field (Cerastium arvense) Perennial F P - P E E F E
     Mouseear (C. vulgatum) Perennial F P G P G E G E
     Sticky (C. viscosum) Annual G G - E E E E E
Chicory (Cichorium intybus) Perennial G G P F E E G G
Cinquefoil
     Blueleaf (Potentilla diversifolia) Perennial F - - N - - - G
     Common (P. canadensis) Perennial G F - - E E E E
     Rough (P. norvegica) Annual2 E - - - E E E E
     Sulfur (P. recta) Perennial G F - - E E E E
Clover, hop (Trifolium agrarium) Annual F - F - G - - E
     White (T. repens) Perennial F - E - E - - F
Cockle
     Corn (Agrostemma githago) Annual2 P P - N G E E E
     Cow (Vaccaria pyramidata) Annual G G - - E E - -
     White (Lychnis alba) Perennial P N - N G E G E
Cocklebur, common (Xanthium pensylvanicum) Annual E F E G E E E E
Coffeeweed (Daubentonia texana) Woody E - - - E E - E
Coreopsis, plains (Coreopsis tinctoria) Annual E G - E E G E E
Cornflower
     Batchelor's button (Centarea cyanus) Annual E - - - E E E E
Costmary (Chrysanthemum balsamita) Perennial F F - F F E G G
Cranebill, cutleaf (Geranium dissectum) Annual2 - E E - - - - -
Creeper, Virginia (Parthenocissus quiniquefolia) Woody P P - P F F F G
Cress, hoary (Cardaria draba) Perennial F F - F G P G G
     Mouseear (Arabidopsis thaliana) Annual E E E E E E E E
Croton
     Lindheimer (Crolon lindheimeri) Annual E E - G E E - -
     Texas (C. texensis) Annual E - - - E E - -
     Wooly (C. capitatus) Annual E - - E E E - -
Crown vetch (Coronilla varia) Perennial G G - G E E G G
Cudweed (Gnaphalium peregrinum) Annual N - - - E E - G
Daisy, English (Bellis perennis) Perennial G G - F G E G E
     Oxeye (Chrysanthemum leucanthemum) Perennial F F - N E E G G
Dallisgrass (Paspalum dilatatum) Perennial N N - N N N G F
Dandelion (Taraxacum officinale) Perennial E G F G E E G G
Darnel (Lolium temulentum) Annual - - - - - - - E
Dayflower (Commelina communis) Annual F G - P F P E E
Deadnetlle, red (Lamium purpureum) Annual2 P P - P E E E E

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.



Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
   

Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Deathcamas (Zigadenus gramineus) Perennial F - - - E E G G
     Foothill (Z. paniculatus) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Deerweed (Lotus scoparius) Woody E - - - - - - -
Devil's claw (Proboscidea louisianica) Annual E - - - E E - E
Dill (Anethum graveolens) Annual E F - G E E E E
Dock
     Broadleaf (Rumex obtusifolius) Perennial F F F F E E E E
     Curly (R. crispus) Perennial F F F F E E G G
     Fiddle (R, pulcher) Perennial E - F - G E E E
     Pale (R. altissimus) Perennial G G F P G E E E
     Veiny (R. venosus) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Dodder
     Largeseed (Cuscuta indecora) Annual P N - N - - - E
     Smallseed alfalfa (C. pentagona) Annual P N - N - - - -
Dogbane, hemp (Apocynum cannabinum) Perennial F P - P F G G G
     Prairie (A. sibericum) Perennial P N - P F F F G
     Spreading (A. androsaemifolium) Perennial P N - P F F F G
Duckweed, common (Lemna minor) Annual P - - - N N G N
Eveningprimrose, common (Oenothera biennis) Biennial E - - - E E - E
False boneset (Kunia eupatoriodies) Perennial G F - F F E G G
Falseflax, smallseeded (Camelina microcarpa) Annual E - E - E E - -
Fennel, dog (Eupatorium capillifolium) Annual G - - N E E - G
Fescue, sixweeks (Vulpia octoflora) Annual N N - N N N E E
Fiddleneck, coast (Amsinckia intermedia) Annual G F - N E G N E
Fieldcress, yellow (Roripa sylvestris) Perennial G F - F F G G G
Filaree, redstem (Erodium cicutarium) Annual2 G - - P E E E F
Fireweed (Epilobium angustifolium) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Fleabane
     Annual (Erigeron annuus) Annual F F - F E E E E
     Oregon (E. speciosus) Perennial F - - - F G P E
     Rough (E. strigosus) Annual2 G - - - E E E E
Flixweed (Descurainia sophia) Annual E F - G - G - -
Florida betony (Stachys floridana) Perennial P - - - F G E G
Foxtail, meadow (Alopecurus pratensis) Perennial N N - N P N E E
     Slender (A. myosuroides) Perennial N N - N N N G E
     Water (A. geniculats) Perennial - - - - - - - E
     West India (Andropogon bicornis) Perennial N N - N N N - -
Franseria
     Bur (Franseria discolor) Perennial F - - - G E - G
     Woollyleaf (F. tomentosa) Perennial F F - P F F F F
Galinsoga, hairy (Galinsoga ciliata) Annual G E - - E E G E
     Smallflower (G. parviflora) Annual E G - G E E E E
Garlic, wild (Allium vineale) Perennial F P - P F G F P
Geranium, Carolina (Geranium carolinianum) Annual2 G E - F E E E E
Goatgrass, barb (Aegilops triuncialis) Annual N N - N P N - E
     Jointed (A. cylindrica) Annual N N - N P N G E
Goutsrue (Galega officinalis) Perennial F - - - G E F F
Goldenrod (Solidago spp.) Perennial F - F - G E P E
Goosefoot
     Blite (Chenopodium capitatum) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Jerusalem-oak (C. botrys) Annual F - - - E E E E
     Mapleleaf (C. hybridum) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Nettleleaf (C. murale) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Oakleaf (C. glaucum) Annual E E - E E E E E
Gooseweed (Sphenoclea zeylanica) Annual F P - N - - - -
Gourd, buffalo (Curcurbita foetidissima) Perennial P - - - - - - -
Goutweed, Bishops (Aegopodium podagraria) Perennial N - N - - - - -
Grama, six weeks needle (Bouteloua Annual N N N N N - - E
Cromwell (Lithospermum officinale) Perennial N - - - E - - -
Groundcherry
     Clammy (Physalis heterophylla) Perennial N - - N E E - -
     Purple (lower (P. lobata) Perennial N - - - - - - -
     Smooth (P. subglabrata) Perennial F N - N F - - P
     Wrights (P. acutifolia) Annual E - - - E E - E
Ground-ivy (Glechoma hederacea) Perennial F P F N G E - G
Groundsel
     Arrowleaf (Senecio triangularis) Perennial F - - N - - - E
     Common (S. vulgaris) Annual P P - N E - - E
     Cressleaf (S. glabellus) Annual E E - G - - - E
     Riddell (S. riddellii) Perennial E - - - - E - E
     Threadleaf (S. longilobus) Perennial F - - - G E - E

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.


Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
   

Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Guineagrass (Panicum maximum) Perennial N N - N N N - E
Gumweed (Grindelia squarrosa) Perennial E - - - G E F G
Hairgrass, silver (Aira caryophyllea) Annual N N - N N N - E
Halogeton (Halogeton glomeratus) Annual F P - N - - - -
Hawksbeard, smooth (Crepis capillaris) Annual2 P P - P - - - -
Hawkweed
     Orange (Hieracium aurantiacum) Perennial F P P - G E - G
     Yellow (H. caespitosum) Perennial F P P - G E - E
Healall (Prunella vulgaris) Perennial G N P N G - - G
Hellebore, false western (Veratrum californicum) Perennial G - - - P - P -
Hemlock, poison (Conium maculatum) Biennial G E - E E E F G
Hemp (Cannabis sativa) Annual G - - G G E E E
Hempnettle (GaLeopsis tetahit) Annual P F N - - - - -
Henbit (Lamium amplexicaule) Annual P P G P E E E E
Hogpeanut (Amphicarpa bracteata) Perennial E - - - - - - -
Hogpotalo (Hoffmanseggia densiflora) Perennial F N - N - - - -
Hollyhock (Althea rosea) Biennial E G - G G E G E
Honeysuckle (Lonicera japonica) Perennial F E - - G E E G
Horehound, white (Marrubium vulgare) Perennial E - - - G G - -
Horsebrush, littleleaf (Tetradymia glabrata) Perennial P - - - G E - -
Horsenettle, Carolina (Solanum carolinense) Perennial P N - P F G F G
Horsetail, field (Equisetum arvense) Perennial P F P - N F G P
Horseweed, maretail (Conyza canadensis) Annual F F - F E E E E
Houndstongue (Cynoglossum officinale) Biennial F - - - G E - -
Indiantobacco (Lobelia inflata) Annual F - - - E - - -
Iris, Rocky Mountain (Iris missouriensis) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Ironweed, Western (Vernonia baldwinii) Perennial F - - P G E - E
Itchgrass (Rottboellia exaltata) Perennial - - - - - - - E
Ivy, English (Hedera helix) Perennial - - - - E E E F
Jerusalem artichoke (Helianthus tuberosus) Perennial F - - - P F P F
Jewelweed (Impatiens pallida) Annual E - - - E E E E
Jimmyweed (Haplopappus pluriflorus) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Jimsonweed (Datura stramonium) Annual P P - P F E G E
Jobs tears (Coix lacryma) Annual - - - - - - - E
Johnsongrass (Sorghum halepense) Perennial N N - N N N P E
Jointvetch, Northern (Aeschynomene virginica) Annual F F - N - - - -
Knapweed
     Black (Centaurea nigra) Perennial F F - F F E G G
     Brown (C. jacea) Perennial F - - - - - - -
     Diffuse (C. diffusa) Biennial E N - N E E - -
     Russian (C. repens) Perennial P P - N G G F G
     Spotted (C. maculosa) Biennial F E - - E E E E
     Squarrose (C. virgata var. squarrosa) Perennial F - - - - - - -
     Vochin (C. nigrescens) Perennial - - - - - - - E
Knawel (Scleranthus annuus) Annual N N G - E E E E
Knotweed
     Japanese (Polygonum cuspidatum) Perennial P - - - F G F G
     Prostrate (P. aviculare) Annual P P - P E E G E
     Sakhalin (P. sachalinense) Perennial G - P - P G F G
     Silversheath (P. argyrocoleon) Annual F - - - F E G G
Kochia (Kochia scoparia) Annual F P - P E G G E
Kudzu (Pueraria lobata) Perennial F F - - G E G G
Lambsquarters (Chenopodium album) Annual E E E F E E E E
     Netseed (C. berlandieri) Annual E E - G E E E E
Larkspur
     Duncecap (Delphinium occidentale) Perennial N N - - - - - -
     Little (D. bicolor) Perennial N - - N - - - -
     Menzies (D. menziesii) Perennial F - - - - - - -
     Tall (D. barbeyi) Perennial N - - - G E G G
Leek, wild (Allium tricoccum) Perennial F P - P F P - F
Lespedeza (Lespedeza striata) Annual P - G - G - - G
     Sericea (L. cuneata) Perennial P - G - G - - F
Lettuce
     Blue (Lactuca pulchella) Perennial F F - F G E F G
     Wild (L. serriola) Annual E - E - E E E E
Loco, bigbend (Astragalus earlei) Annual2 E - - - - - - -
     Blue (A. lentiginosus var. diphysus) Perennial G - - - G E E E
     Woolly (A. mollissimus) Perennial G - - - G E E E
Locoweed, white (Oxytropis lambertii) Perennial F - - - G E - -
London rocket, annual (Sisymbrium irio) Annual E E - E - - - -

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.


Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
   

Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Lupine
     Silver (Lupinus argenteus) Perennial F N - F E E F F
     Tailcup (L. caudatus) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Maidencane (Panicum hemitomon) Perennial - - - - - - - E
Mallow
     Common (Malva neglecta) Annual2 P N - - G E E E
     Dwarf (M. rotundiflora) Perennial F - - - G E G G
     Little (M. parviflora) Annual F N - - E E E G
     Venice (Hibiscus trionum) Annual G E - - E E E G
Marshelder (Iva xanthifolia) Annual E G - E E E G E
Mayweed, dogfennel (Anthemis cotula) Annual F P - N E E - E
Medic, black (Medicago lupulina) Annual F F G P G E G G
Medusahead (Taeniatherum asperum) Annual N N - N N N E E
Mexican weed (Caperonia palustris) Annual F F - N - - - E
Mexicantea (Chenopodium ambrosioides) Annual E E - E E E E E
Milkvetch, cicer (Astragalus cicer) Perennial E E - G E E E E
     Nuttail (A. nuttallianus) Perennial G - - - G E E E
Milkweed
     Bloodflower (Asclepias curassavica) Perennial G - - N P G G G
     Broadleaf (A. latifolia) Perennial F - - - P G G E
     Butterfly (A. tuberosa) Perennial P N - P P G G G
     Climbing (Funastrum cynanchoides) Perennial F - - - P - F F
     Common (Asclepias syriaca) Perennial P N P N F G F F
     Eastern whorled (A. verticillata) Perennial N N - N G F F G
     Green (A. viridiflora) Perennial P N - P P G F G
     Purple (A. purpurascens) Perennial P N - P P G F G
     Showy (A. speciosa) Perennial N N - N F E G G
     Swamp (A. incarnata) Perennial P N - N P G F G
     Western whorled (A. subverticillata) Perennial - - - - - E - -
Mint, field (Mentha arvensis) Perennial G G - F F E G E
Moneywort (Lysimachia nummularia) Perennial E - - - - - - G
Morningglory
     Bigroot (Ipomoea pandurata) Perennial F P - N P F P F
     Common (/. purpurea) Annual E - - E E E E E
     Ivyleaf (/. hederacea) Annual E - - E E E E E
     Woolly (/. hirsutula) Annual E E - - G E G E
Mother-of-thyme (Acinos thymoides) Perennial G F - - E E - E
Mud plantain (Heteranthera limosa) Perennial E G P F - - - -
Mugwort (Artemisia vulgaris) Perennial P N - - F G - F
Mulesears (Wyethia amplexicaulis) Perennial G - - - G E F F
Mullein
     Common (Verbascum thapsus) Biennial P P - N G E G G
     Moth (V. blattaria) Biennial F - - - F G G E
Mustard
     Black (Brassica nigra) Annual E E - E E G G E
     Blue (Chorispora tenella) Annual F P - N G E G E
     Haresear (Conringia orientalis) Annual E G - - E E E E
     Hedge (Sisymbrium officinale) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Indian (Brassica juncea) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Tansy (Descurainia pinnata) Annual E E - - E E G E
     Treacle (Erysimum repandum) Annual G G - - F - - -
     Tumble (Sisymbrium altissimum) Annual E G - E E E G G
     Wild (Sinapis arvensis) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Wormseed (Erysimum cheiranthoides) Annual2 E E - E E E E E
Nettle
     Stinging (Urtica dioica) Perennial G - - - G G G G
     Tall (U . procera) Annual G - - - E E E E
Niggerhead (Rudbeckia occidentalis) Perennial G - - - E E - -
Nightshade
     Black (Solanum nigrum) Annual F F N F G E G E
     Cutleaf (S. triflorum) Annual F - - - - - - -
     Silverleaf (S. elaeagnifolium) Perennial P - - - G E F E
Nimblewill (Muhlenbergia schreberi) Perennial N N N N N N G E
Norcal bean (Sophora secundiflora) Perennial - - - - - - - -
Nutsedge
     Purple (Cyperus rotundus) Perennial P N - N P P F G
     Yellow (C. esculentus) Perennial F N - N N F F F
Oats, slender (Avena barbata) Annual N - - - - - - -
     Wild (A.fatua) Annual N N - N N N E E
Onion, wild (Allium canadense) Perennial F P - P F P F F
Orache (Atriplex hastata) Annual G - - - - - - -

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.


Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2.4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Paragrass (Brachiaria mutica) Perennial N N - N N N - G
Parsley, desert (Lomatium grayi) Perennial E E - E E E E E
Parsnip, wild (Pastinaca sativa) Biennial E - - - E E - -
Partridgepea (Cassia fasciculata) Annual E E - - E E - E
Paspalum, field (Paspalum laeve) Perennial - - - - - - - E
Passionflower, Maypop (Passiflora Perennial F - - - F F - F
Peavine (Astragalus emoryanus) Annual G - - - - - - -
Pellitoryweed (Parietaria floridana) Annual N N - N - - - -
Pennycress, field (Thlaspi arvense) Annual E E E G E E E E
Pennywort, lawn (Hydrocotyle sibthorpioides) Perennial G - - - E - - -
Penstemon, Rydberg (Penstemon rydbergii) Perennial F - - N - - - -
Pepperweed
     Field (Lepidium campestre) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Perennial (L. latifolium) Perennial F - - - G F - -
     Virginia (L. virginicum) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Yellowflower (L. perfoliatum) Annual E E - - - - - -
Pheasanteye (Adonis annua) Annual F - - - - - - -
Pickerelweed (Poniederia cordata) Perennial - - - - - - - G
Pigweed
     Prostrate (Amaranthus blitioides) Annual E E E P E E E E
     Redroot (A. retroflexus) Annual E G E P E E E E
     Tumble (A. albus) Annual E E E P E E E E
     Tumbleweed (A. graecizans) Annual E E E P E E E E
Pimpernel, scarlet (Anagallis arvensis) Annual E G - F E E E E
Pineappleweed (Chamomilla suaveolens) Annual F P N N E E F G
Plantain
     Blackseed (Plantago rugelii) Perennial E E P E E E E E
     Bracted (P. aristata) Annual E G P G E E E E
     Broadleaf (P. major) Perennial E E P E G E G G
     Buckhorn (P. lanceolata) Perennial E G P E G E E E
Poison ivy (Toxicodendron radicans) Woody F F - N G E E G
Poison oak (T. toxcarium) Woody F P - N F G E G
Pokeweed (Phytolacca americana) Perennial F F - - G E E E
Pondweed (Potamogeton spp.) Perennial E N - - - - - -
Ponyfoot (Dichondra repens) Perennial E - G - E E E E
Poorjoe (Diodia teres) Annual G F - F E E E E
Poppy, Roemer (Roemeria refracta) Annual E - - - - - - -
Povertygrass (Aristida dichotoma) Annual N N - N N N E E
Povertyweed/Sumpweed (Iva axillaris) Perennial G F - - G G G G
Prickly poppy (Argemone intermedia) Annual E - - - - - - -
Puncturevine (Tribulus terrestris) Annual G F - G E E F E
Purslane, common (Portulaca oleracea) Annual F F G G E E G E
Pusley, Florida (Richardia scabra) Annual E - - - E E - -
Pussytoes, field (Antennaria neglecta) Perennial G G - F G E E E
     Plantainleaf (A. plantaginifolia) Perennial G G - F G E E E
Quackgrass (Agropyron repens) Perennial N N - N N N F G
Queensdelight (Stillingia sylvatica) Perennial N - - - - - - -
Rabbitbrush
     Gray (Chrysothamnus nauseosus) Woody F P - - G E - -
     Yellow (C. viscidiflorus) Woody F P - - G G P P
Radish, wild (Raphanus raphanistrum) Annual G F - F E E E E
Ragweed
     Blood (Ambrosia texana) Annual E - - - E E - -
     Common (A. artemisiifolia) Annual E F E P E E E E
     Giant (A. trifida) Annual G F - F E E E E
     Lanceleaf (A. bidentata) Annual E E - F E E E E
     Western (A. psilostachya) Perennial G - - P E E - -
Ragwort, tansy (Senecio jacobaea) Perennial G F - P - - - -
Rape, bird (Brassica rapa) Biennial E E - E - - - G
Redstem (Ammannia coccinea) Annual E E - G - - - -
Redtop (Agrostis gigantea) Perennial N N - N N F G G
Redvine (Brunnichia cirrhosa) Perennial N N - N G G - G
Reed, common (Phragmites australis) Perennial - - - - - - - G
     Giant (Arundo donax) Perennial N N - N N N - -
Rhodesgrass (Chloris gayana) Perennial N N - N N N - -
Rockcress, tower-mustard (Arabis glabra) Perennial E E - F G E E G
     Virginia (A. virginica) Annual E E - F E E E E
Rubberweed
     Bitter (Hymenoxys odorata) Annual E - - - F E - -
     Colorado (H. richardsoni) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Rue, African (Peganum harmala) Perennial - - - - - - - G

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.


Table 1 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
    Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Sage
     Creeping (Salvia sonomensis) Perennial G F - F - - - -
     Purple (S. leucophylla) Perennial G - - - - - - -
     White (S. apiana) Perennial G - - - - - - -
Sagewort, prairie (Artemisia campestris) Perennial G G - F G E G E
     Wild green (A. caudata) Perennial G G - G G E G E
Salsify
     Common (Tragopogon porrifolius) Biennial G - - - - - - -
     Meadow (T. pratensis) Biennial G - - - E E - -
Sandbur, field (Cenchrus incertus) Perennial N N N N N N G E
     Longspine (C. longispinus) Annual N N N N N N E E
     Southern (C. echinatus) Annual N N N N N N - E
Sandwort, thymeleaf (Arenaria serpyllifolia) Annual E - - - G - - E
Sedge, beaked (Carex rostrata) Perennial N N - N N N - G
     Hop (C. lupulina) Perennial N N - N N N - G
     Ripgut (C. lacustris) Perennial N N - N N N F G
     Sugargrass (C. atherodes) Perennial N N - N N N F G
     Umbrella (Cyperus difformis) Annual F F - - - - - -
     Water (Carex aquatilis) Perennial N N - N N N F G
     Woolfruiit (C. lasiocarpa) Perennial N N - N N N - G
Senna, coffee (Cassia occidentalis) Annual G P - P E E E E
     Sensitive (C. nictitans) Annual G F - P E E E E
     Sicklepod (C. obtusifolia) Annual F P - P E E E E
     Wild (C. marilandica) Perennial P P - N G G G E
Sesbania, coffeebean (Sesbania exallata) Annual F G - F E E - G
Shepherdspurse (Capsella bursa-pastoris) Annual G G - G E E E E
Sida, prickly (Sida spinosa) Annual E G - P E E E E
Signalgrass
     Broadleaf (Brachiaria platphylla) Annual N N - - - - G G
     Fringed (B. ciliatissima) Perennial N N - N N N - -
Skeletonweed, rush (Chondrilla juncea) Perennial F F - - G E - -
Skunkcabbage (Symptocarpus foetidus) Perennial G - - - - - - G
Smartweed
     Ladysthumb (Polygonum persicaria) Annual G F F G E E E E
     Pennsylvania (P. pensylvanicum) Annual G F - G E E E E
     Water (P. amphibium) Perennial P P - P F F F F
Snakeroot, white (Eupatorium rugosum) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Snakeweed
     Broom (Gutierrezia sarothrae) Perennial F F - P G E F F
     Threadleaf (G. microcephala) Perennial G - - - - E - -
Snapdragon (Antirrhinum majus) Annual - - - - - - - E
Sneezeweed (Helenium autumnale) Perennial G G - F F G G G
     Bitter (H. tenuifolium) Annual E E - G E E - E
Snow-on-the-mountain (Euphorbia marginata) Annual F - - F E E F G
Sorrel (Rumex acetosa) Perennial G F - F E E E E
     Heartwing (R. hastatulus) Perennial E - - - E E - E
     Red (R. acetosella) Perennial N N N N E E G E
Sowthistle
     Annual (Sonchus oleraceus) Annual E E - E E E E E
     Perennial (S. arvensis) Perennial F F - F G G G G
     Spiny (S. asper) Annual E - - E E E E E
Spanishneedles (Bidens bipinnata) Annual E G - G E E E E
Spatterdock (Nupkur lutea macrophylla) Perennial - - - - - - - E
Speedwell
     Common (Veronica officinalis) Perennial P N - N F - - -
     Corn (V. arvensis) Annual P N - N F - - -
     Purslane (V. peregrina) Annual F N F - F - - -
Spikerush (Eteocharis macrostachya) Perennial F F - P - - - -
Spurge
     Flowering (Euphorbia corollata) Perennial P - - - G E - -
     Leafy (E. esula) Perennial P N N N F G F F
     Spotted (E. maculata) Annual P F F P E E F G
Spurry, corn (Spergula arvensis) Annual P F G N G E - -
St. Johnswort (Hypericum perforatum) Perennial P - N - - - - -
     Spotted (H. punctatum) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Star-of-Bethlehem (Ornithogalum umbellatum) Perennial N N - N N N G G
Starbur, bristly (Acanthospermum hispidum) Annual P N - N G E - E
     Paraguay (A. australe) Annual P N - N G E - E
Starthistle, malta (Centaurea melitensis) Annual E - - - E E - -
     Purple (C. calcitrapa) Biennial E G - G G G G E
     Yellow (C. solstitialis) Annual F - - N G E G E
Sticktight, European (Lappula echinata) Annual G - - - - - - -
Strawberry, wild (Fragaria spp.) Perennial P N N N G G E G
Sumpweed, rough (Iva ciliata) Annual E - - - E E - -
Sunflower (Helianthus annuus) Annual E G - G E E G E
Sweetclover, annual yellow (Melilotus indica) Annual E E - F E E E E

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.


Table 2 (continued). Susceptibility of common weeds to control by phenoxy and some other systemic herbicides.
    Control1
Plant name Type of plant 2,4-D MCPA Mecoprop 2,4-DB Dicamba Picloram Amitrole Glyphosate
Sweetflag (Acorus calamus) Perennial - - - - G - - E
Swinecress (Coronopus didymus) Biennial E G - F E E - E
Tansy (Tanacetum vulgare) Perennial F N - - G E - E
Tansymustard (Descurainia pinnata) Annual E - - - E E G E
Thistle
     Blessed (Cnicus benedictus) Annual E - - - E E - -
     Blue (Echitum vulgare) Biennial F F - - E E E E
     Bristly (Cirsium horridulum) Biennial F - - - E E - -
     Bull (C. vulgare) Biennial E E E F E E E E
     Canada (C. arvense) Perennial F F F F G E G G
     Flodman (C. flodmanii) Perennial G F - - G E F G
     Italian (Carduus pycnocephalus) Annual G - - - E E - -
     Marsh (Cirsium palustre) Biennial G G - - E E G G
     Milk (Silybum marianum) Biennial E G - - E - - -
     Musk (Carduus nutans) Biennial E F - F G E E E
     Pasture (Cirsium pumilum) Biennial E G - F E E G E
     Plumeless (Carduus acanthoides) Biennial G G - F G E E E
     Russian (Salsola iberica) Annual G G N G E E G G
     Wavyleaf (Cirsium undulatum) Perennial G G - G G E F G
     Welted (Carduus crispus) Biennial E E - F E E E E
     Western (Cirsium occidentale) Biennial G G - - E E G G
     Yellowspine (C. ochrocentrum) Perennial F F - - G E F G
Threeawn, prairie (Aristida oligantha) Annual N N - N N N G E
     Red (A. longiseta) Perennial N N - N N N F F
     Reverchon (A. glauca) Perennial N N - - N N - -
     Sixweeks (A. adscencionis) Annual N N - - N - - -
Tickseed (Coreopsis tinctoria) Annual G - - - E E - -
Toadflax
     Blue (Linaria canadensis) Perennial P - - - - - - -
     Dalmatian (L. dalmatica) Perennial F F - G G G F G
     Yellow (L. vulgaris) Perennial N N N N F G G G
Torpedograss (Panicum repens) Perennial - - - - - - - G
Trumpet creeper (Campsis radicans) Perennial P N - N G E G G
Velvetleaf (Abutilon theophrasti) Annual G G - F F E E E
Velvetgrass (Holcus lanatus) Perennial N N - N N N G E
Vervain
     Blue (Verbena hastata) Perennial E - - E E - - -
     Hoary (V. stricta) Perennial G - - - - - - -
     Prostrate (V. bracteata) Perennial E - - - - - - -
     Roadside (V. bonariensis) Perennial G - - E E - - -
Vetch
     Narrowleaf (Vicia angustifolia) Annual E F - - E E G E
     Milk (Astragalus miser) Perennial G F - - E E F G
     Two grooved (A. bisulcatus) Perennial E - - - - - - -
     Wild (Vicia spp.) Annual E E F E E E E G
Violet (Viola spp.) Perennial P N - N F G G G
Water hyacinth (Eichhornia crassipes) Perennial G - - - - - - G
Waterhemlock, spotted (Cicuta maculala) Perennial G - - - E E E G
Waterhemp (Amaranthus rudis) Annual E E - F E E E E
     Tall (A. tuberulatus) Annual E E - F E E E E
Waterplantain (Alisma triviale) Perennial E E - G - - - -
Waterweed, Canada (Elodea canadensis) Perennial F - - - - - - -
Whitetop, Ienspodded (Cardaria repens) Perennial P - - - F F G G
Windmillgrass (Chloris verticillata) Perennial N N - N N N F G
Wintercress, early (Barbarea verna) Perennial E G - G E E E E
Wirestem muhley (Muhlenbergia frondosa) Perennial N N N N N N G E
Witchgrass (Panicum capillare) Annual N N - N N N E E
Witchweed (Striga asiatica) Annual E E - E - - - E
Woad, Dyers (Isatis tinctoria) Perennial G F - - E G G G
Woodsorrel, yellow (Oxalis stricta) Perennial P N - - G E - E
Wormwood, annual (Artemisia annua) Annual G F N N E E - -
     Biennial (Artemisia biennis) Biennial E G - P G E E E
     Louisiana (Artemisia ludoviciana) Perennial F P - P G E F G
Yankeeweed (Eupatorium compositfolium) Perennial F - - - - E - -
Yarrow
     Common (Achillea millefolium) Perennial P P F N G E F G
     Sneezewort (A. ptarmica) Perennial F P - - G - - -
     Western (A. lanulosa) Perennial F - - N F G - -
Yellow rocket (Barbarea vulgaris) Perennial F G - F G E G E
Yucca, plains (Yucca glauca) Perennial N - - - P F P P

1For explanation of control ratings, see page 2; E = excellent, G = good, F = fair, P = poor, and N = none.
2Sometimes biennial.