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Renovation techniques

Virtual Windbreak

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Insects and diseases can drastically reduce the life of a windbreak, slowly killing trees until the windbreak is no longer effective. However, many of these pests can be managed to reduce their numbers and effects on the windbreak. Proper identification and monitoring are the keys to pest management. It�s simply a waste of time and money to apply treatments for a pest that isn�t actually there, or to treat at the wrong time. Below are several websites that offer insect and disease identification and treatment guides for several locations within and outside of the Northern Great Plains. Some are summaries of several different pests, while in other Web sites, you must choose the fact sheet for the individual pest.  Following this list are several books or guides that are not available online. 

Great Plains

Common insect pests of trees in the Great Plains, Univ. Nebraska Lincoln, USDA Forest Service National Agroforestry Center, http://www.unl.edu/nac/insectpest.html

Diseases of trees in the Great Plains, USDA Forest Service, http://www.unl.edu/nac/diseasetrees.html

Colorado

Insect online fact sheets � Trees and shrubs, Colorado State Univ. Cooperative Extension, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/insect/pubins.html#tree

Disease online fact sheets � (Must choose individual disease problem), Colorado State Univ. Cooperative Extension, http://www.ext.colostate.edu/pubs/garden/pubgard.html#dis

Minnesota

Disease management recommendations for trees and shrubs, Univ. Minnesota Extension, http://www.extension.umn.edu/distribution/horticulture/DG6659.html

Montana

Disease pest topics, (Must choose individual disease problem), Montana State Univ. Extension, http://scarab.msu.montana.edu/extension/diseatoc.htm

Nebraska

Most publications in cooperation with USDA Forest Service National Agroforestry Center (see above).

Environmental stresses and tree health, Univ. Nebraska Extension, http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/forestry/g1036.htm

Plant diseases � (Must choose individual disease problem), Univ. Nebraska Extension, http://ianrpubs.unl.edu/plantdisease/index.htm

North Dakota

Insect and disease management guide for woody plants in North Dakota, NDSU Extension, http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/trees/f1192w.htm

Common insect pests of trees and shrubs in North Dakota, NDSU Extension, http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/trees/e296w.htm

Deciduous tree diseases, NDSU Extension, http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/hortcrop/pp697-1.htm

Diseases of evergreens and related problems, NDSU Extension, http://www.ext.nodak.edu/extpubs/plantsci/trees/pp789-1.htm

Illustrations of Tree Diseases, Dr. Bob Stack, NDSU, http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/instruct/stack/TDI/

South Dakota

Various insect and disease publications, Must choose individual disease problem, South Dakota State Univ. Extension, http://agbiopubs.sdstate.edu/process.cfm?keywords=trees&subject=Trees

Outside the Great Plains

Insect and disease leaflets, USDA Forest Service, http://www.na.fs.fed.us/spfo/pubs/fidlpage.htm

Forestry Images, various forestry photos, USDA Forest Service & the Bugwood Network, http://www.forestryimages.org

An online catalog of Western forest insects and diseases, USDA Forest Service, http://www.fs.fed.us/r6/nr/fid/wid.shtml

Books

Diseases of trees and shrubs. W.A. Sinclair, H.H. Lyon and W.T. Johnson. 1987. Cornell University Press. 575p.

Insect that feed on trees and shrubs (2ed.). W.T. Johnson and H.H. Lyon. 1991. Cornell University Press. 560p.

Tree and shrub insects of the Prairie Provinces. W.G.H. Ives and H.R. Wong. 1988. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre. Information Report NOR-X-292.

Forest tree diseases of the Prairie Provinces. 1987. Y. Hiratsuka. Canadian Forestry Service, Northern Forestry Centre. Information Report NOR-X-286.

How does a windbreak work?

Density

Length of protected zone

What is the correct density?

Natural changes in density

Insects and diseases