Dry Bean Production Guide (continued)
A-1133, July 1997
Iron Chlorosis
Dry bean is generally more resistant to iron chlorosis than soybean, but it can still
be observed in some fields under certain conditions. Iron chlorosis is the yellowing of
upper leaves of dry bean in response to low soil iron levels, or more commonly, the
unavailability of soil iron due to soil conditions related to high soil pH, high levels of
carbonate minerals and possibly high salts. Soil pH levels higher than 7.0 may be
accompanied by high levels of calcium/magnesium carbonates in the soil. Carbonates
dissociate in moist soils to form bicarbonate, which lowers the dry bean plant's ability
to take up soil iron. Wetter soils contain higher levels of soluble bicarbonate than dry
soils. Wetter soils may also contain higher levels of salts due to an increase in soil
water table. The combination of high levels of soil carbonates and salts has been shown to
increase the level of iron chlorosis symptoms in soybean. A similar relationship is also
probable for dry bean. Iron chlorosis may be minimized by planting varieties showing
tolerance and having a higher tolerance to salt damage. Iron sprays have performed
inconsistently in the past but if used should be applied early in the season for best
effect. Late season spraying after about the third true leaf would reduce effectiveness.
Iron sprays of ferrous sulfate or iron chelates have been used with limited success.
Salts
Dry bean is very sensitive to salt damage. Levels of salt higher than 2 mmho/cm as a
1-1 soil water extract begin to reduce yield expectations of dry bean. Salt levels are
reduced by lowering water table levels. This is difficult to do in exceptionally wet
years. However, in more normal years, lower salt levels are achieved by continuous
cropping and introducing deep rooting crops into the rotation. See NDSU Extension
circular SF-1087 for more information.
The weed control suggestions in this production guide are based on the assumption that
all herbicides mentioned will have a registered label with the Environmental Protection
Agency. Herbicides should be used which are no longer registered or have not yet received
registration for dry edible bean. Dry beans treated with with a non-registered herbicide
may have an illegal residue which, if detected, could cause condemnation of the crop.
Nonregistered herbicide use is illegal and a user could be subject to a heavy fine even
without detectable residue.
Chemical Weed Control Guide for Dry Edible Beans
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Roundup Ultra, Roundup Ultra RT, Glyphos (glyphosate)
$/A: 3.00-12.00
Rate: 0.5 to 2 pt of a 3 lb ae/gal conc. (0.19 to 0.75)
Weeds: Emerged grass and broadleaf weeds.
Apply: Preplant or anytime prior to crop emergence.
Remarks: A nonselective, translocated, foliar herbicide. No soil
residual activity. Refer to label for adjuvant use.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eptam (EPTC) - Spring Applied
$/A: 12.00-19.00
Rate: 3.5 to 4.5 pt 7E, 15 to 20 lb 20G (3 to 4)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds.
Apply: PPI
Remarks: Weak on wild mustard. PPI immediately after application. May
be tank-mixed with trifluralin, Sonalan, Prowl, Lasso, or
Dual to increase spectrum of weeds controlled. Consult label
for rate range for specific tank mix.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eptam (EPTC) - Fall Applied
$/A: 20.00-25.00
Rate: 4.5 to 5.25 pt 7E, 20 to 22.5 lb 20G (4 to 4.5)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds.
Apply: Fall: Incorporated after October 15 until freeze-up.
Remarks: Same as Eptam Spring applied.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Trifluralin
$/A: 4.00-8.50
Rate: 1 to 2 pt 4E, 5 to 10 lb 10G, 0.83 to 1.67 lb 60DF (0.5 to 1)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds.
Apply: PPI: Fall or Spring.
Remarks: No wild mustard control. PPI within 24 hours after
application. May be tank-mixed with Dual, Eptam, Frontier
and Lasso.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sonalan (ethalfluralin)
$/A: 5.00-17.50
Rate: 1.5 to 4.5 pt EC, 5.5 to 17 lb 10G (0.55 to 1.7)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds.
Apply: PPI: Fall after October 15 or Spring. Spring incorporated
for EC only.
Remarks: The low rate should be used on coarse textured, sandy soils.
The high rate should be used on fine textured soils for
black nightshade control. Poor wild mustard control.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Sonalan (ethalfluralin)
$\A: 8.00-14.00
Rate: 7.5 to 12.5 lb 10G (0.75 to 1.25)
Weeds: Foxtail suppression.
Apply: Fall: Incorporated between October 1 to December 31 or Spring.
Remarks: Use in reduced or conservation tillage systems. Incorporate
twice at 2-3 inches deep using a V-blade undercutter or
rotary hoe at 5 mph. For fall applications, incorporate
once in the fall and once in the spring before planting.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Prowl (pendimethalin)
$/A: 8.00-12.50
Rate: 2.4 to 3.6 pt EC, 1.2 to 2.5 lb DG (0.75 to 1.5)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds.
Apply: PPI only.
Remarks: Use higher rates on fine textured soils. Preplant
incorporation is required to provide more consistent results.
Refer to label for rotational restrictions. Can be tank-
mixed and applied PPI with Dual, Eptam, Frontier, Lasso,
Micro-Tech, and Partner.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Eptam (EPTC) + Sonalan (ethalfluralin)
$/A: 21.00-32.00
Rate: 2.5 to 3.5 pt 7E, 11 to 20 lb 20G + 3 to 4.25 pt EC,
11.25 to 16 lb 10G (2.2 to 3 + 1.125 to 1.6)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds including eastern
black nightshade.
Apply: PPI
Remarks: Use low rate on coarse textured soils. Use high rate on fine
textured soils. PPI immediately after application. Weak on
wild mustard.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Dual II (metolachlor)
$\A: 17.00-26.00
Rate: 2 to 3 pt (2 to 3)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds including eastern
black nightshade.
Apply: PPI or PRE
Remarks: Weak on wild mustard. Use low rate on coarse textured soils.
Use higher rate on fine textured soils high in organic
matter. Incorporation improves consistency of weed control.
Can be tank-mixed with Eptam, Prowl, Sonalan, and Treflan.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Frontier (dimethenamid)
$\A: 13.00-26.00
Rate: 16 to 32 fl oz (0.75 to 1.5)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds including eastern
black nightshade.
Apply: PPI, PRE, or POST to third trifoliate.
Remarks: Same as Dual. Can be applied POST with Basagran and Pursuit.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Lasso (alachlor) RUP
$/A: 13.00-20.00
Rate: 2 to 3 qt (2 to 3)
Weeds: Grass and some broadleaf weeds including eastern
black nightshade.
Apply: PPI
Remarks: Same as Dual.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basagran (bentazon)
$/A: 8.50-17.00
Rate: 1 to 2 pt (0.5 to 1)
Weeds: Wild mustard, cocklebur, Canada thistle, wild and volunteer
sunflower.
Apply: POST: Crop: Cotyledon stage or larger.
Broadleaf weeds: small seedlings.
Remarks: Thorough spray coverage is essential. Addition of oil
concentrate at 1 qt/A improves weed control. Canada thistle
control requires a second application 7 to 10 days later.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Basagran (bentazon)
$/A: 8.50/8.50
Rate: 1 pt/1 pt (0.5/0.5)
Weeds: Wild mustard, cocklebur, common lambsquarters, common ragweed,
Venice mallow, sunflower and suppression of kochia, annual
smartweed and pigweed.
Apply: POST: Apply as a split application. Apply the first
application at recommended growth stage of weeds followed by
the second application 7 to 10 days later.
Remarks: Basagran applied in a split application results in greater
weed control compared to single application. Refer to
narrative for recommended growth stage of weeds at first
application. Dry bean should be at unifoliate or first
trifoliate stage at application. Basagran should be applied
with oil additive at 1 to 2 pt/A or DASH HC at 0.5 to 1 pt/A.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Pursuit, Pursuit DG (imazethapyr)
$/A: 10.00
Rate: 2 fl oz 2S, 0.72 oz or 10 A/packet DG (0.5 oz)
Weeds: Wild mustard and control or suppression of black nightshade
and other weeds.
Apply: POST: Crop: After first trifoliate but before flowering.
Remarks: Reduced crop growth, quality, yield and/or delayed maturity
may result. Do not apply when stress such as cold and/or wet
conditions exist or are predicted with one week of
application. Crop damage disclaimer and liability waiver
from company representitve must be signed before use. Refer
to narrative for additional information.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Assure II (quizalofop)
$/A: 5.50-9.00
Rate: 6 to 10 fl oz (0.6 to 1 oz)
Weeds: Annual grasses and quackgrass.
Apply: Crop: 30 days or more prior to harvest.
Grass: 2 to 6 inches.
Remarks: Apply with oil additive at 1 qt/A to actively growing
grasses. Do not apply with vegetable oil additive. Can be
tank-mixed with Basagran. Grass control is reduced by
tank-mixtures or applications of Basagran in close interval.
The antagonism generally can be avoided by applying Assure II
1 or more days before or 5 to 7 days after Bansagran. Lack
of yellow foxtail control may result if Assure II is applied
at reduced rates or with Basagran.
Rates required for different grass species are:
Green foxtail 2 to 4 inches 7 fl oz
Yellow foxtail 2 to 4 inches 8 fl oz
Wild oat 2 to 6 inches 7 fl oz
Field sandbur 2 to 6 inches 7 fl oz
Wild proso millet 2 to 6 inches 5 fl oz
Volunteer small grains 2 to 6 inches 7 fl oz
Quackgrass 6 to 10 inches 10/7 fl oz
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Ultima 160 (sethoxydim)
$/A: 4.50-13.50
Rate: 10 to 30 fl oz Ultima (0.1 to 0.3)
Weeds: Annual and suppression of wild oat, volunteer cereals and
quackgrass.
Apply: Crop: 30 days or more prior to harvest.
Grass: 2 to 4 inches.
Remarks: See Assure II for use of oil additive and grass antagonism
from tank-mixing with broadleaf herbicides.
Rates required for different grass species are:
Green foxtail 1 to 8 inches 20 fl oz
Yellow foxtail 1 to 8 inches 20 fl oz
Wild oat 1 to 4 inches 20 fl oz
Field sandbur 1 to 3 inches 30 fl oz
Wild proso millet 4 to 10 inches 10 fl oz
Volunteer small grains 1 to 4 inches 30 fl oz
Quackgrass 6 to 8 inches 30/20 fl oz
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Gramoxone Extra (paraquat) RUP
$/A: 3.50-6.00
Rate: 1 to 1.5 pt (0.31 to 0.47)
Weeds: Desiccant
Apply: 7 days or more prior to harvest.
Remarks: Apply when at least 80% of the pods are yellowing and mostly
ripe with no more than 40% (bush type beans) or 30%
(vine type) of the leaves still green.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Leafex-3, Defol (sodium chlorate)
$/A: 12.00
Rate: 2 gal of a 3 lb/gal conc. (6)
Weeds: Desiccant
Apply: 7 to 10 days prior to harvest, after pods are brown.
Remarks: Thorough coverage of plant is essential. Apply in 5 to 10 gpa
by air or 20 to 30 gpa by ground.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------
Chemical Names, Formulations and Manufacturers
Trade Name Common Name Conc. Manufacturer
--------------------------------------------------------------
Assure II quizalofop 0.8 E DuPont
Basagran bentazon 4 S BASF
Defol sodium chlorate 6 S Drexel
Dual II metolachlor 7.8 E Novartis
Eptam EPTC 7E, 20G Zeneca
Frontier dimethenamid 6 E BASF
Gramoxone Ext. paraquat 2.5 S Zeneca
Lasso/others alachlor 4E, 15G Monsanto
Prowl pendimethalin 3.3 E Am. Cyanamid
Pursuit imazethapyr 2E, 70DG Am. Cyanamid
Roundup Ultra glyphosate 3 S Monsanto
Sonalan ethalfuralin 3 E DowElanco
Treflan/others trifluralin 4 E DowElanco/others
Ultima 160 sethoxydim 1.3 E BASF
--------------------------------------------------------------
Herbicide Comments
Eptam (EPTC) at 2.3 to 3.4 pt plus either Prowl at 1.2 to 3.6 pt 3.3E or 0.83 to
2.5 lb DG, trifluralin at 1 pt/A of a 4 lb/gal concentrate or Sonalan at 1.5 to 4.5 pt
EC/A or 5.5 to 17 lb/A 10G controls a broader spectrum of weeds than either herbicide used
separately, especially wild oat, common lambsquarters, and eastern black nightshade. Eptam
plus Prowl must be incorporated thoroughly immediately after application by setting the
implement at a 4 to 6 inch depth. The mixture allows lower rates and reduces the chance of
carryover from any dinitroaniline herbicide.
Sonalan (ethalfluralin), trifluralin, and Prowl (pendimethalin).
Lasso at 2 to 3 qt/A PPI or Dual at 2 to 3 pt/A PPI or PRE controls annual grasses and
some broadleaf weeds, including nightshade. Dual may be tank-mixed with Eptam for wild oat
control. Trifluralin, Prowl and Sonalan applied PPI controls annual grasses and certain
broadleaf weeds except wild mustard, common cocklebur, and sunflower. The low rates should
be used on coarse-textured, sandy soils. The high rates should be used for control of
eastern black nightshade. Incorporate in the top 2 to 3 inches of soil within 2 days of
application. Trifluralin, Prowl and Sonalan are each registered as a tank-mixture with
Lasso, Dual, and Eptam. Sonalan has less soil residue but is more active than trifluralin.
Sonalan 10G at 7.5 to 12.5 lb/A 10G applied in the fall or spring suppresses
foxtail in dry edible bean and sunflower grown in reduced tillage systems. Apply in the
fall between October 10 and December 31, or in the spring PPI before planting. Apply to
tilled land or standing or chopped stubble. Incorporate twice 2 to 3 inches deep using a
V-blade undercutter or with other implements such as a rotary hoe that leave a maximum
amount of crop residue on the soil surface. Operate implements approximately 5 mph. The
first incorporation should be performed within 48 hours after application. The second
incorporation should be performed at an angle to the first incorporation and must be
delayed at least 14 days after the first incorporation. Sonalan 10G applied in the fall
should be incorporated once in the fall and the second time in the spring before planting.
Refer to label for application rate according to soil type. The higher rate in the rate
range should be used in high crop residues and heavy weed populations.
Split Applications of Basagran in Dry Bean. Basagran can be applied as
successive sequential treatments for broadleaf weed control in navy, pinto, kidney and
great northern types of dry bean. The first Basagran application should be made before the
weeds are 0.5 to 4 inches tall, depending the weed species. Refer to label for information
on weed sizes at application. Apply Basagran at 1 pt/A plus petroleum oil or Dash HC at
0.5 to 1 pt/A and then repeat the application 7 to 10 days later.
Basagran applied as a planned split application program will offer improved broadleaf
weed control compared to a single application. Split applications will control common
cocklebur, common lambsquarters, annual smartweed, Venice mallow, and wild mustard.
Control or suppression may be observed on common ragweed, kochia, pigweed, and sunflower.
NDSU research has shown greater control of common lambsquarters, redroot pigweed and
kochia by applying Basagran as split treatments either twice at 1 pt/A, 3 times at 0.67
pt/A, or 4 times at 0.5 pt/A as opposed to one application at 2 pt/A. Greater control of
the above mentioned weeds was observed by using Dash HC as opposed to a petroleum oil or
ammonium sulfate.
Pursuit (imazethapyr) at 2 fl oz/A or Pursuit DG at 0.72 oz/A or 10 acres per
water soluble packet applied POST only controls wild mustard and provides suppression of
nightshade in pinto, navy, great northern, kidney, black turtle, cranberry type dry beans.
Reduced crop growth, yield, and/or delayed maturity may result from application. Do not
apply if planting is delayed, or cold and/or wet weather are present or predicted to occur
within one week of application. Do not apply to Domino variety black turtle bean. Pinto
varieties UI-111 and Olathe are more sensitive to injury than other Pinto varieties. Apply
Pursuit with NIS at 0.25% v/v to dry beans having at least one trifolioliate leaf. DO NOT
use oil additives, liquid fertilizer or DASH.
Pursuit may control several grass and broadleaf weeds not listed on the label. Pursuit
has controlled mustard, nightshade, foxtail, pigweed, kochia, marshelder, Russian thistle,
common cocklebur, sunflower, smartweed, wild buckwheat, lanceleaf sage, common
lambsquarters, and common ragweed less than 1 inch tall in NDSU field trials. Soil
residual from POST applications may provide erratic control of subsequent flushes of
weeds. Erratic control of eastern black nightshade may occur from Pursuit reaching the
soil during a POST application. However, reduction in number and intensity of other
flushes of weeds may be observed.
The following is the rotational crop guidelines after a Pursuit application: 9.5 months
for corn, wheat and dry bean, 18 months for barley, oat, rye, and sunflower, 40 months for
sugarbeet, and 26 months for all other crops not listed.
Grazing restriction for dry beans.
Herbicide Restrictions
-----------------------------------
Pursuit Do not graze or feed
Ultima 160 No restrictions
-----------------------------------
Herbicide Carryover
The persistence of phytotoxic levels of a herbicide for more than 1 year can be a
problem with some of the herbicides used in North Dakota. Herbicide residues are most
likely to occur following years with unusually low rainfall because chemical and microbial
activity needed to degrade herbicides are limited in dry soil. Crop damage from herbicide
residues can be minimized by applying the lowest herbicide rate required for good weed
control, by using band rather than broadcast applications, and by moldboard plowing before
planting the next crop. Mold-board plowing reduces phytotoxicity of some herbicides by
diluting the herbicide residue in a large volume of soil. Moldboard plowing is effective
in reducing the residual effects of trifluralin, Sonalan, Prowl, Nortron SC, atrazine, and
Lexone/Sencor.
Rotation restrictions for dry beans.
Herbicide Months after Application
----------------------------------------------
Accent 10
Ally 22a
Amber 22
Assert NCS
Atrazine b
Banvel (<0.25 pt/A) NCS
Banvel (>0.25 pt/A) SCS
Basis 8
Basis Gold 18
Broadstrike + Dual 4
Broadstrike + Treflan 4
Broadstrike Plus 10.5
Buckle NCS
Clarity (<0.25 pt/A) NCS
Curtail 12c
Exceed b
Far-Go NCS
Finesse b
Harness NCS
Hornet 10.5
Lexone 12
Matrix 10
Lighting 9.5
Peak 10
Permit 10
Pursuit 4
Scorpion III 10.5c
Sencor 12
Stinger 10.5c
Surpass NCS
Tordon (<1.5 fl oz/A) SCS
----------------------------------------------
NCS = Next cropping season
SCS = Second cropping season
a = Requires 22 months and 22 inches of annual precipitation
west of ND Highway 1 or 34 months and 34 inches of annual
precipitation east of ND Highway 1.
b = Do not plant until field bioassay indicates it is safe to
plant dry beans. Rotation to dry bean after atrazine is
rate and soil pH dependant.
c = Do not plant dry bean for 18 months after application on
soil with less than 2% organic matter and if less than
15 inches of rainfall during the 12 months following
application OR dry bean may be planted 12 months after
application if risk of injury is acceptable.
Management and Control of Nightshade
Nightshades have become a serious weed problem in ND. Human activity associated with
crop production is the greatest contributor to nightshade seed dissemination. Moving
tillage and harvesting equipment from field to field or planting crop seed contaminated
with nightshade seed easily spreads seed. Three different nightshades are found in North
Dakota: eastern black nightshade, hairy nightshade, and cutleaf nightshade.
Nightshade seed germination occurs in June through September and is influenced strongly
by moisture. Hairy nightshade germinating in early fall may produce viable seed before
frost while a black nightshade plant requires a longer growing season. Nightshade can
compete in most crops, including shaded canopy conditions. However, nightshade is visible
after harvest where growth accelerates from exposure to sunlight. Nightshade seeds become
viable shortly after berry formation and can remain viable in the soil beyond 10 years.
NDSU studies show one nightshade plant can produce 178,000 seeds. A nightshade plant was
found to produce over 800,000 seeds.
Nightshades plants are frost tolerant, can remain green through the harvest season and
can cause serious harvest problems. Berries are poisonous and the juice from ruptured
berries can stain crop seed, glue nightshade seed and dirt to bean seed. Nightshade can be
spread to other fields if contaminated seed is used for planting. Dry berries are similar
in size to soybean seed and are difficult to separate from seed.
Rain and late season germination are major factors responsible for increased nightshade
in ND. Rain events cause multiple flushes of nightshade and late flushes may develop after
normal crop spraying is completed. Many herbicides used in crop production are applied
early, before most nightshade flushes emerge. Fewer rain events will reduce nightshade
flushes. Nightshade can compete in several environments including in a dense crop under
shaded conditions. Nightshades are immune to shading. Crops that canopy late and cultural
methods of early planting, late cultivation and wide row spacings allow nightshade to grow
and develop faster than the crop.
Nightshade is tolerant to many herbicides including sulfonylureas. Herbicides remove
other broadleaf weeds, allowing nightshade to increase by eliminating competition.
Residual herbicides help control continuous nightshade flushes but few effective
herbicides have residual activity on nightshade.
Successful nightshade control requires allowing no seed production. Avoid
planting crops contaminated with nightshade seed. Plan a crop rotation where nightshade
can be controlled.
Plant crops, such as small grains or soybean where effective herbicides are labeled for
nightshade control. Herbicides effective on small nightshade in small grains include
Tordon, 2,4-D, Banvel, Buctril, Bronate, and Curtail.
Herbicides used in soybeans and dry bean (only those labeled) for nightshade control
are Eptam, Lasso, Sonalan, Broadstrike + Dual, Broadstrike + Treflan, Cobra, Blazer, and
Pursuit. Basagran is more active on hairy nightshade than eastern black nightshade. Cobra
and Blazer are effective only on small nightshade. Most row crop herbicides, except Puruit
and Broadstrike, do not have residual activity to control continuous flushes of
nightshade.
The residue can remain in the soil for more than one year, so long term crop rotation
must be planned if either of these herbicides are used.
Relative Herbicide Effectiveness on Weeds and Persistence in Soil
This table gives a general rating of relative herbicide effectiveness to weeds listed
and persistance of herbicides in soil. Under favorable weather conditions, control may be
better than indicated. Under unfavorable conditions, some herbicides rated as good or fair
may give erratic and unacceptable results. Also, dry and/or cool weather increases
herbicide persistence while wet and/or warm weather reduces herbicide persistence.
Weed control ratings in this section are based on the following scale:
E = Excellent = 90 to 99% Control
P = Poor = 40 to 65% Control
G = Good = 80 to 90% Control
N = None = No Control
F = Fair = 65 to 80% Control
Herbicide persistence ratings are for residues present 12 months after application:
O = Often
S = Seldom
N = None
Soil
Applied
Herbicides |
B
a
r
n
y
a
r
d
g
r
a
s
s |
F
i
e
l
dS
a
n
d
b
u
r |
F
o
x
t
a
i
l,G
r
e
e
n |
F
o
x
t
a
i
l,Y
e
l
l
o
w |
Q
u
a
c
k
g
r
a
s
s |
V
o
l
u
n
t
e
e
rC
e
r
e
a
l
s |
W
i
l
dO
a
t |
W
i
l
dP
r
o
s
o
M
i
l
l
e
t |
H
e
r
b
i
c
i
d
eP
e
r
s
i
s
t
e
n
c
e |
| Dual (PRE) |
G-E |
P |
G-E |
G-E |
N |
F-G |
G |
P |
N |
| Dual (PPI) |
F-G |
P |
G |
G |
N |
F |
P |
N |
N |
| Eptam (PPI) |
E |
G-E |
E |
E |
F-G |
G-E |
G-E |
F-G |
N |
| Frontier (PPI) |
G-E |
G |
G-E |
G-E |
N |
G |
F |
F |
N |
| Frontier (PRE) |
F-G |
G |
G-E |
G-E |
N |
F |
F |
F |
N |
| Lasso/others (PPI) |
G-E |
F |
G-E |
G-E |
N |
F-G |
F-G |
P-F |
N |
| Lasso/others (PRE) |
F-G |
P |
G |
G |
N |
F-G |
P |
P |
N |
| Prowl/Pentagon (PPI) |
E |
G |
E1 |
E1 |
N |
G |
G |
P-F |
S |
| Prowl Pentagon (PRE) |
E |
F |
G-E1 |
G-E1 |
N |
F-G |
P-F |
PF |
S |
| Sonalan (PPI) |
E |
G |
E1 |
E1 |
N |
G |
G |
P-F |
S |
| Trifluralin (PPI) |
E |
G |
E1 |
E1 |
N |
N |
F-G |
P-F |
S |
PPI = Preplant Incorporated, PRE = Preemergence
1Except where resistant populations have developed.
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A-1133, July 1997
|
