Mosquito Management (continued)
E-472 (revised), December 2000
Table 1. Toxicity and hazard of selected
insecticides.
|
| Insecticide |
Oral (Rat) 1
LD50 (mg/kg) |
|
| Moderately Toxic
|
|
| tralomethrin* (Saga) |
99 |
| deltamethrin* (Suspend) |
128 |
| chlorpyrifos* (Mosquitomist, Dursban, Empire) |
135 |
| fenthion* (Baytex) |
255 |
| carbaryl (Sevin) |
307 |
| naled (Dibrom) |
430 |
|
| Relatively Non-Toxic
|
|
| cyfluthrin* (Tempo) |
500 |
| malathion (Fyfanon*) |
885 |
| pyrethrins |
1500 |
| resmethrin* (Scourge, Oblique) |
2000 |
| temephos* (Abate) |
2030 |
| permethrin (Biomist*, Permanone) |
>4000 |
| sumithrin* (Anvil) |
>10,000 |
| methroprene (Altosid) |
>30,000 |
Bacillus thuringiensis var. israelensis
(Bactimos, Teknar, Vectobac,
Mosquito Dunks) |
non-toxic |
| Bacillus sphaericus (VectoLex) |
non-toxic |
|
* to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators
1 George W. Ware. 1994. The Pesticide Book, 4th edition.
Thomson Publications; Fresno, CA. |
Table of Contents
Table 2.
Larvicides for use on mosquito breeding waters.
|
| Insecticide |
Formulations* |
Remarks |
|
| Bacillus thuringiensis var.
israeliensis (B.t.i.):
|
| Aquabac |
200 G, 1.2% AS |
A bacterial larvacide that is non-toxic and will not harm
non- target, beneficial organisms. Higher rates are recommended in water with high organic content (e.g., sewage disposal systems, waste lagoons). Pretreatment is recommended when larval populations are high, aquatic vegetation is dense, or
the water is highly polluted with organic material. |
| Bactimos |
10% Briquets |
|
Mosquito Dunks |
10% Briquet |
|
Teknar HP-D |
1.6% |
|
Vectobac |
0.2% CG, 0.2% G, 12% AS |
|
| Bacillus sphaericus
|
| VectoLex |
7.5% CG, 51% WDG |
A bacterial larvacide that is effective against
Culex
mosquitoes and others. It is non-toxic and will not harm
non-target, beneficial organisms. It has proven effective in
wastewater, stormwater, drainage, marsh, and pond habitats. |
|
| methoprene
|
| Altosid |
SR 5 and SR 20 (liquid
concentrates); XR (2%),
XRG (1.5%), and briquets
(8.6%); pellets (4.25%) |
Methoprene is an insect growth regulator (IGR). It is active against 2nd, 3rd, and 4th instar larvae. It has no effect when applied to pupal or adult mosquitoes. The effect on larval mosquitoes is developmental. Treated larvae continue to
develop normally to the pupal stage, at which time they die,
preventing them from emerging as adult mosquitoes. |
|
| aliphatic petroleum distillate**
|
| Golden Bear |
GB-1111 |
Specially refined oil for use as a mosquito larvicide. This
product is applied around borders of aquatic areas and in
shallow water. Do not apply to fish hatcheries. Petroleum oils
may produce an unsightly appearance and should not be used
when this condition is objectionable. |
|
| temephos
|
| Abate |
BG (1%, 2%, and 5%),
pellets |
An organophosphate insecticide that can be used in conjuction with other larvacide programs. Application rates
vary with water's organic content. When applied at label rates
there is no effect on non-target organisms. |
|
| poly (oxy-1,2-ethanediyl) a-,isooctadecyl-w-hydroxyl
|
| Agnique |
100% MonoMolecular Film |
AGNIQUE® MMF uses a non-toxic, physical action to
control both disease-carrying and nuisance mosquitoes. It has
the ability to spread quickly and completely across the
water's surface. This film reduces the surface tension of the
water and makes it difficult for the larvae and pupae to
attach. The film also blocks their breathing tubes causing the
larvae and pupae to drown. Resting males and egg-laying
females that come in contact with the film will also drown.
When the correct amount has been applied, there will be no
breaks or gaps in the film from which mosquitoes can
emerge. |
|
* G = granular; WDC = water dispersible concentrate; CG = celatom granular; AS = aqueous suspension; WDG = water dispersable granule;
XR = extended release; XRG = extended residual granule; BG = Biodac (recycled paper) granule.
** to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators |
Table of Contents
Table 3.
Insecticides for use as thermal fogs for adult mosquito control.
|
| Insecticide |
Formulations* |
Remarks |
|
| chlorpyrifos**
|
| Mosquitomist |
One ULV, 1.5 ULV |
Apply a 300 foot swath with a vehicle speed of 5 mph. Product
is applied in No. 2 fuel oil, diesel, or kerosene-type fuel. |
|
| malathion**
|
| Fyfanon |
96.8% ULV |
Deliver 40 gallons per hour at a vehicle speed of 5 mph to
treat
a swath width of 300 to 400 feet. Variation in fuel oils necessitates testing oil solubility and sludge to prevent clogging valves
of the thermal fog machine. Large droplets or undiluted
Fyfanon ULV will permanently damage automobile finishes by
leaving spots. |
|
| naled
|
| Dibrom |
87.4% C |
Deliver 40 gallons per hour at a vehicle speed of 5 mph to treat
a swath of 300 to 400 feet. Faster speeds with greater delivery
rates are labeled. Apply in No. 2 fuel oil or diesel oil. If applied
incorrectly, naled concentrate will spot certain automobile
finishes. |
|
| sumithrin + piperonyl butoxide**
|
| Anvil |
2+2 ULV, 10+10 ULV |
Apply product diluted in diesel fuel using vehicle mounted,
thermal ULV equipment. Rate of application and appropriate
dilution will vary with formulation selected. |
|
* ULV = ultra low volume; C = Concentrate
** to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators |
Table of Contents
Table 4. Mist sprays with some residual action for adult mosquito control.
|
| Insecticide |
Formulations* |
Remarks |
|
| carbaryl
|
| Sevin |
4 L, 4 F, XLR, 50 WP,
80 WSP, 80 S |
Treat when adult mosquitoes are active in the early morning or at dusk. Do not allow public use of treated areas during
application or until sprays have dried. |
|
| chlorpyrifos
|
| Dursban |
50W**, Pro**, and
various homeowner
formulations |
Homeowner formulations will no longer be available after Dec., 2001. The residual spray solution is applied to outside building surfaces and vegetation listed on labels. |
| Mosquitomist** |
Two ULV |
|
| cyfluthrin**
|
| Tempo |
2 EC, 20 WP |
Spray solution is applied to damp areas beneath shubs, in areas
of tall grass or weeds, and on other surfaces where mosquitoes
rest outdoors. Do not apply to food crops or fish inhabiting
waters. |
|
| deltamethrin**
|
| Suspend |
4.75% SC |
Spray solution is applied to surfaces where adult mosquitoes
rest. It may be used on walls in areas such as carports, garages,
storage sheds unoccupied horse stables and pet kennels. Lawn
and ornamental application is permitted; do not apply this
product to edible crops. |
|
| malathion
|
|
50% EC, 57% EC |
Application is made to surfaces where mosquitoes rest during
the day. Car finishes may be damaged; wash exposed finishes
immediately. |
|
| permethrin
|
| permethrin |
RTU formulations |
Treatments may be made as mist or surface applications. Mist
treatments may be applied in structures and livestock facilities.
For indoor treatments, vacate treated areas after application and ventilate prior to re-entering. Outdoor surface treatments should
be applied to areas where mosquitoes rest. Spray surfaces to the
point of run-off. Treat no more than once every two weeks. |
| Permanone** |
10% EC |
|
| pyrethrins
|
| various |
many formulations
available |
Diluted Sprays amd RTU formulations may be used indoors to treat walls, ceilings and other areas where mosquitoes may rest.
Outdoors, direct sprays into tall grass, shrubbery and around
lawns where mosquitoes hover or rest. Apply while the air is still
Pyrenone 100 EC and avoid wetting foliage. Applications should be made prior to
use of the treated area. |
|
* WP= wettable powder; EC = emulsifiable concentrate; LC = liquid concentrate; SC = suspended concentrate; S =
sprayable; RTU = ready to use;
F = flowable; L = liquid, XLR=extra long residual, ULV =ultra low volume.
** to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators |
Table of Contents
Table 5. Cold aerosols for use in ULV ground equipment for adult mosquito control.
|
| Insecticide |
Formulations* |
Remarks |
|
| chlorpyrifos**
|
| Mosquitomist |
One ULV, 1.5 ULV,
Two ULV |
Applications to residential, recreational, and non-cropland sites are made during the cool hours of the night or early morning
while mosquitoes are active. Application rate will depend on
formulation selected. |
|
| malathion**
|
| Fyfanon |
96.8% ULV |
Deliver 1 to 4 gallons per hour at a vehicle speeds ranging from
5 to 20 mph to treat a swath width of 300 feet. At 5 mph, the
flow rate of Fyfanon is 1 to 2 fluid ounces per minute. Refer to
the label for additional rates and ground speed. Large droplets
or undiluted Fyfanon ULV will permanently damage automobile
finishes by leaving spots. |
|
| naled**
|
| Dibrom |
87% EC |
Product is for mosquito control in residential areas,
municipali
ties, tidal marshes, woodlands, agricultural areas, livestock
pastures, feed lots, and pastures including dairy cattle. It is not
necessary to avoid farm buildings, dairy barns, feed or forage areas. Treat shrubbery and vegetation where mosquitoes may
rest. Apply using vehicle mounted, non-thermal ULV equipment. Rate of application will vary with formulation selected.
If applied incorrectly, naled concentrate will spot certain
automobile finishes. |
|
Trumpet |
78% EC |
|
| permethrin + piperonyl butoxide**
|
| Aqua-Reslin |
20% EC |
Apply using vehicle mounted, non-thermal ULV
equipment.
Apply when there is a light breeze (<10 mph). Apply early morning and evening. This product is not to be used within 100 feet of lakes and streams. Do not apply directly to water or
wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes, and potholes). Allow 24 hours before retreating. Rate of application will vary with
formulation selected. |
|
Biomist |
1.5% S,4% S, 3% S,
12% S, 30% S |
|
Permanone |
10% EC, 31-66 EC, RTU |
|
| pyrethrins
|
| Pyrenone |
100 EC |
Apply the undiluted product using vehicle mounted, non-
thermal ULV equipment. Apply when there is a light breeze
(5 to 10 mph). Apply early morning and evening. Application of
this undiluted product to any body of water is prohibited. |
|
| resmethrin + piperonyl butoxide **
|
| Scourge |
4% + 12 %, 18% + 54% |
Spray parks, campsites, woodlands, athletic fields, golf courses,
residential areas, and municipalities. For use with non-thermal
truck or backpack equipment designed to deliver fog particles.
Do not spray cropland or feed, avoid application over lakes,
ponds, and streams. The 18% + 54% formulation may be mixed
with refined soybean oil, light mineral oil, or other suitable
solvent or diluent. |
|
| sumithrin + piperonyl butoxide**
|
| Anvil |
2+2 ULV, 10+10 ULV |
Apply product using vehicle mounted, non-thermal ULV
equipment. Rate of application will vary with formulation
selected. |
|
* EC = emulsifiable concentrate; S =
sprayable; RTU = ready to use; ULV = ultra low volume; C = Concentrate.
** to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators |
Table of Contents
Table 6. Adult mosquito control using aerial equipment.
|
| Insecticide |
Formulations* |
Remarks |
|
| chlorpyrifos**
|
| Mosquitomist |
One ULV, 1.5 ULV,
Two ULV |
Aerial applications are made at an altitude of 300 feet. Rates per acre will depend on formulation selected. Applications to
residential, recreational, and non-cropland sites are made during
the cool hours of the night or early morning while mosquitoes
are active. |
|
| malathion**
|
| Fyfanon |
96.8% ULV |
Apply at a rate of 2.6 to 3.0 fluid ounces per acre over cities,
towns, and other areas where automobiles, trailers, trucks, and
pleasure boats are present. Large droplets or undiluted Fyfanon
ULV will permanently damage automobile finishes by leaving
spots. |
|
| naled**
|
| Dibrom |
87% EC |
Aerial application must be made with closed cockpit aircraft.
Air speed should be in excess of 100 mph. Rate of application
will vary with formulation selected. Product is for use in
mosquito control in residential areas, municipalities, tidal
marshes, woodlands, agricultural areas, livestock pastures, feed lots, and pastures including dairy cattle. It is not necessary
to avoid farm buildings, dairy barns, feed or forage areas. Treat
shrubbery and vegetation where mosquitoes may rest. If applied
incorrectly, naled concentrate will spot certain automobile
finishes. |
|
Trumpet |
78% EC |
|
| permethrin + piperonyl butoxide**
|
| Aqua-Reslin |
20% EC |
Apply at an altitude of 165 feet when there is a light breeze
(<10 mph). Apply early morning and evening. This product is not to be used within 100 feet of lakes and streams. Do not
apply directly to water or wetlands (swamps, bogs, marshes, and potholes). Allow 24 hours before retreating. Rate of application will vary with formulation selected. |
|
Permanone |
31-66 EC |
|
Biomist |
1.5% S,4% S, 3% S,
12% S, 30% S |
|
| resmethrin + piperonyl butoxide **
|
| Scourge |
4% + 12 %, 18% + 54% |
This product is used in specially designed aircraft capable of
applying ULV spray formulations. Spray parks, campsites,
woodlands, athletic fields, golf courses, residential areas, and
municipalities. Do not spray cropland or feed, avoid application
over lakes, ponds, and streams. The 18% + 54% formulation
may be mixed with refined soybean oil, light mineral oil, or
other suitable solvent or diluent. |
|
| umithrin + piperonyl butoxide**
|
| Anvil |
2+2 ULV, 10+10 ULV |
For use in residential and recreational areas around inlets,
creeks, swamps and marshes. Rate of application will vary with
formulation selected. |
|
* EC = emulsifiable concentrate; S =
sprayable; RTU = ready to use; ULV = ultra low volume; C = Concentrate.
** to be applied by licensed, certified pesticide applicators |
Table of Contents
E-472 (revised), December 2000
|
