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R-794 (Revised)
Introduction Introduced Grasses
Bromegrass
Fescue
Foxtail
Wheatgrass
WildryeNative Grasses
Warm-Season Grasses
These grasses are most productive in the summer during periods of higher daytime temperatures and longer periods of daylight.
Big (15KB b&w illustration)
Varieties Origin Date Released -------------------------------- Sunnyview^ SD 1992 Bison* ND 1989 Bonilla^* SD 1987 ^Adapted for southeastern and southcentral North Dakota. *North Dakota releaseBig bluestem is a component of the tall grass prairie and on good moisture sites westward. It is a tall, perennial, sod-forming grass. Forage is highly palatable and nutritious before it matures. It provides excellent summer pasture and hayland on good moisture sites. Stands will thin if pastures are closely grazed.
Little (12KB b&w illustration)Ecotype Origin Date Released --------------------------------- Badlands* ND,SD 1996 Itasca* ND,SD,MN 2001 *North Dakota releaseLittle bluestem is a drought tolerant, perennial bunchgrass of the mixed-grass prairie. Little bluestem is often found on dry hillsides in natural settings. Palatability decreases rapidly after heading. It is often included as a minor component of rangeland seed mixtures and is well adapted to limey soils of both wet and dry sites. This species also performs well on the coarse, shallow soils of droughty uplands.
SandVarieties Origin Date Released -------------------------------- Goldstrike NE 1973 Garden NE 1957Sand bluestem is a tall, perennial, sod-forming grass adapted to sandy areas. It is similar to big bluestem in appearance. Primary use is on deep sandy range sites and for revegetation of blowout areas. Garden is more persistent than Goldstrike.
Ecotype/Varieties Origin Date Released ---------------------------------------- Bismarck ecotype* ND 1996 (vegetatively propagated) Tatanka NE 1996 *North Dakota releaseBuffalograss is a short, stoloniferous, dense, sod-forming perennial grass. Buffalograss is dioecious, having separate male and female plants. It is palatable and nutritious as a forage, but it is primarily used as a low maintenance turfgrass for lawns, airstrips and road shoulders. Varieties of southern origin (Texas, Oklahoma, Kansas) lack winter hardiness in North Dakota. Bismarck ecotype consisting of male plants is vegetatively propagated, while the variety Tatanka is generally propagated by seed.
Prairie
Germplasm Origin Date Released ---------------------------------- Red River* ND,SD,MN 1998 *North Dakota releasePrairie cordgrass is a tall perennial grass with strongly spreading, tough, scaly rhizomes. This species occupies wet soils and may grow in pure stands bordering sloughs, ditches and wet prairies. It may be grazed by cattle in late spring; however, prairie cordgrass is seldom utilized after the boot stage. The primary use for prairie cordgrass is wildlife cover, soil stability, streambank stabilization, and buffer strips.
Blue (9KB b&w illustration)
Ecotype Origin Date Released -------------------------------- Bad River* SD 1996 *North Dakota releaseBlue grama is a short, drought tolerant, tufted perennial grass of the mixed-grass prairie and short-grass plains. It is widely distributed on medium to fine textured soils throughout the state. Primary use is in rangeland seed mixtures, low maintenance turf areas and roadsides. A planting depth of 0.25 to 0.5 inches is critical for successful establishment. Bad River establishes easier than common seed and most other varieties of blue grama.
Sideoats (12KB b&w illustration)Varieties Origin Date Released --------------------------------- Killdeer* ND 1968 Pierre* SD 1965 Butte NE 1958 *North Dakota releaseSideoats grama is a drought-tolerant perennial grass found primarily on poorly developed shallow soils, steep slopes, and ridgetops as well as overflow sites. Primary use is in grass mixtures for rangeland seeding. Its excellent seedling vigor allows rapid establishment. Sideoats grama is a highly palatable forage species.
Indiangrass (7KB b&w illustration)
Varieties Origin Date Released --------------------------------- Tomahawk* ND,SD 1988 Holt^ NE 1960 ^Adapted for south eastern and south central North Dakota. *North Dakota releaseIndiangrass is a tall, perennial, sod-forming grass with short rhizomes found primarily in the tall-grass prairie of southeastern North Dakota and to a limited extent on overflow and subirrigated sites in the mixed-grass prairie. Primary use is in wildlife habitat and a component of native range and pasture mixtures.
Prairie (14KB b&w illustration)
Varieties Origin Date Released -------------------------------- Goshen WY 976Prairie sandreed is a drought-tolerant, strongly rhizomatous, sod-forming grass. The leaves are light green with a leathery texture; stems are coarse. Its primary use is in rangeland seeding mixtures on sandy soils where it is well adapted. Prairie sandreed is excellent for stabilization of sandy soils. Early growth is nutritious, but forage value is poor after plants head out due to high fiber and lignin content.
Switchgrass (15KB b&w illustration)
Varieties Origin Date Released ----------------------------------- Dacotah* ND 1989 Forestburg^* SD 1987 Sunburst^ SD 1983 ^Adapted for southeastern and southcentral North Dakota. *North Dakota releaseSwitchgrass is a tall, rhizomatous, perennial grass often growing in large clumps. It is found primarily in the tall-grass prairie of southeastern North Dakota and on good moisture sites westward. It is used in wildlife habitat plantings in eastern North Dakota and for summer pasture on good moisture sites. Forestburg and Sunburst, of South Dakota origin, are similar in maturity, appearance, and productivity. Dacotah is a short upland type of North Dakota origin and is earlier maturing than Forestburg.
Wheatgrass
Blue bunch-Quackgrass hybrid (NewHy variety)
Slender
Thickspike
Tall
WesternWildrye
Altai
Beardless
Canada
Russian
Bluebunch-Quackgrass hybrid (NewHy variety)
Grama
Blue
Sideoats
Green needlegrass
Hard fescue
Little bluestemWheatgrass
Bluebunch
Bluebunch-Quackgrass hybrid (NewHy variety)
Crested
Siberian
SlenderWildrye
Altai
Russian
Buffalograss
Mammoth wildrye
Prairie sandreedWheatgrass
Intermediate (moderately tolerant)
Pubescent (moderately tolerant)
Thickspike/Streambank
Western
Prairie sandreed
Sand bluestemWheatgrass
Thickspike/Streambank
Western (moderately adapted)Wildrye
Canada
Mammoth
Buffalograss
Creeping foxtail
Prairie cordgrass
Reed canarygrass
Smooth bromegrass (moderately tolerant)
Switchgrass (moderately tolerant)Wheatgrass
Intermediate (moderately tolerant)
Slender
Tall
WesternWildrye
Canada (moderately tolerant)
Most grass species in North Dakota are seeded at a rate of 25 to 30 seeds per square foot. The lower rates are generally recommended in the western part of the state or on drier sites. The higher rates are generally recommended in the eastern part of the state on sites with more favorable moisture conditions. Adjustments are made for some species based on seed size, seedling vigor, and seed conditioning. These rates are for drill planting with a row spacing of 12 inches or less, the recommended row spacings for most grass planting purposes. Seeding rates are shown in pure live seed (PLS) pounds per acre.
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Species/Variety lb/ac PLS
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Introduced Grasses
Bromegrass
Meadow 13.5-16.5
Smooth 6.5-8.0
Fescue
Hard 3.0-4.0
Foxtail
Creeping 3.5
Wheatgrass
Bluebunch/Quackgrass Hybrid 10.0-14.0
Crested 6.0-7.0
Intermediate
Intermediate 8.5-10.0
Pubescent 8.5-10.0
Siberian 6.0-7.5
Tall 11.0-13.5
Wildrye
Altai 16.0-19.0
Dahurian 8.5-10.0
Mammoth 20.0-24.0
Russian 6.0-7.5
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Native Cool-Season Grasses
Canarygrass
Reed 3.5
Needlegrass
Green 6.0-7.5
Wheatgrass
Bluebunch 8.0-9.5
Slender 5.0-5.5
Streambank 7.0-8.5
Thickspike 7.0-8.5
Western 8.0-10.0
Wildrye
Basin 8.0
Beardless 7.5-8.5
Canada 6.5-7.5
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Native Warm-Season Grasses
Bluestem
Big 6.0-7.5
Little 4.0-4.5
Sand 9.5-12.0
Buffalograss (bur) 23.0-26.0
Cordgrass
Prairie 7.0
Grama
Blue 2.0-2.5
Sideoats 6.0-7.5
Indiangrass 5.5-7.0
Sandreed
Prairie 4.0-5.0
Switchgrass 3.5-4.5
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R-794 (Revised), June 2011
County Commissions, North Dakota State University and U.S. Department of Agriculture cooperating. North Dakota State University does not discriminate on the basis of age, color, disability, gender expression/identity, genetic information, marital status, national origin, public assistance status, sex, sexual orientation, status as a U.S. veteran, race or religion. Direct inquiries to the Vice President for Equity, Diversity and Global Outreach, 205 Old Main, (701) 231-7708. This publication will be made available in alternative formats for people with disabilities upon request, 701 231-7881.
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Information for Prospective Students
NDSU is an EO/AA university
Feel free to use and share this content, but please do so under the conditions of our Creative Commons license. Thanks.