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Weights and Measures of Common Feed

AS-1282 JUNE 2005

 
Table of Contents
Table 2
Granular Material
Application

Compiled by

    J. W. Schroeder
    Dairy Specialist
    NDSU Extension Service

Contributions from

    Kenneth J. Hellevang
    Agricultural Engineer
    NDSU Extension Service

In calculating rations and mixing concentrates, using weights rather than measures usually is necessary. However, in practical feeding operations, measuring the concentrates often is more convenient for the farmer or rancher.

■ FORAGE

Storage Space Requirements for Feed and Bedding

The space requirements for feed storage for the livestock enterprise - whether it is for cattle, sheep, hogs or horses, or as is more frequently the case, a combination of these _ vary so widely that providing a suggested method of calculating space requirements applicable to such diverse conditions is difficult. The amount of feed to be stored depends primarily upon (1) length of pasture season, (2) method of feeding and management, (3) kind of feed, (4) climate, and (5) the proportion of feeds produced on the farm or ranch in comparison with those purchased.

Normally, the storage capacity should be sufficient to handle all feed grain and silage grown on the farm and to hold purchased supplies. Forage and bedding may or may not be stored under cover.

In those areas where weather conditions permit, hay and straw frequently are stacked in the fields or near the barns in loose, baled or chopped form. Sometimes sheds or a waterproof cover is used for protection. Other forms of storage include temporary upright silos, trench silos, temporary grain bins and open-wall buildings for hay.

Hay Weight in a Stack or Barn

Stockmen and hay dealers frequently buy and sell large quantities of hay in the stack or in the barn. This practice is prevalent especially in the Western and Great Plains states, where cattle and sheep are brought into the farm yard to be wintered on hay bought from hay producers.

Under such circumstances, the weight of hay usually is estimated because (1) no scales are available, and/or (2) weighing the hay is impractical due to the time, labor and wastage involved. In many such instances, the hay is fed directly from the stack or barn, in racks arranged about it. Under these and other circumstances, there is need for a simple and reasonably accurate method of estimating the weight of hay in a stack or barn.

To estimate the tonnage of hay in a stack or in a barn, you need to (1) compute the volume of hay, and (2) know the number of cubic feet per ton of hay. Table 1 gives the density information.
 
Table 1.Storage space requirements for feed and bedding.1
Kind of Feed or Bedding Pounds per Cubic Foot Cubic Feet per Ton Pounds per Bushel of Grain
Hay      
     1. Loose      
          Alfalfa 4.0-4.4 450-500
          Nonlegume 3.3-4.4 450-600
          Straw 2.0-3.0 670-1,000
     2 Baled      
          Alfalfa 6.0-10.0 200-330
          Nonlegume 6.0-8.0 250-330
          Straw 4.0-5.0 400-500
     3 Chopped      
          Alfalfa, 1�-inch cut 5.5-7.0 285-360
          Nonlegume, 3-inch cut 5.0-6.7 300-400
          Straw 5.7-8.0 250-350
Corn      
     15�% moisture:      
          Shelled 44.8 56
          Ear 28 70
          Shelled, ground 38 48
          Ear, ground 36 45
     30% moisture:      
          Shelled 54 67.5
          Ear, ground 35.8 89.6
Barley, 15% moisture 38.4 48
          Ground 28 37
Flax, 11% moisture 44.8 56
Oats, 16% moisture 25.6 32
          Ground 18 23
Rye, 16% moisture 44.8 56
          Ground 38 48
Sorghum grain, 15% moisture 44.8 56
Soybeans, 14% moisture 46 60
Wheat, 14% moisture 48 60
          Ground 43 50
1 Source: Adapted from Beef Housing and Equipment Handbook, Midwest Plan
Service, Iowa State University, 4th edition, 1987, Table 8-13, pg. 8.21 and
Table 8-17, pg. 8.22.

In using Table 1, you must recognize that many factors — other than kind of hay, form (loose, chopped, or baled) and period of settling — affect the density of hay in a stack or in a barn, including (1) moisture content at haying time, and (2) texture and foreign material.

Computing the volume of hay in a mow is relatively simple, but determining the volume of a stack is more difficult. Although different rules or formulas may be and are used, the U.S. Department of Agriculture1 recommends the following:

1. Volume of hay in barns
Multiply the width by the length by the height, all in feet, and divide by the cubic feet per ton as given in Table 1.

2. Volume of hay in oblong and rectangular stacks
Three types of oblong stacks are common, as shown in Figure 1 (page 3). The volume of each type of oblong stack may be determined as follows:

a. For low, round-topped stacks: (0.52 x O) - (0.44 x W) x W x L

b. For high, round-topped stacks: (0.52 x O) - (0.46 x W) x W x L

c. For square, flat-topped stacks: (0.56 x O) - (0.55 x W) x W x L

In these formulas, O is the "over" or "over-throw," which is the distance in feet from the ground on one side of the stack, up and over the stack and down to the ground on the other side; W is the width; and L is the length.

The application of this formula is illustrated as follows:

Example. You want to estimate the amount of alfalfa hay in a low, round-topped type of oblong stack that has settled for four months. The stack is 20 feet wide, 30 feet long and has an over of 40 feet.

The answer is secured as follows:

a. Volume = (0.52 x 40) - (0.44 x 20) x 20 x 30 = 7,200 cubic feet

b. Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa

c. 7,200 ÷ 470 = 15 tons of hay

3. Volume of hay in round stacks
The rules or formulas used for oblong stacks do not apply to round stacks. But Table 2 (pages 4-5) gives the volume of round stacks when the circumference is between 45 and 98 feet and the over between 25 and 50 feet.

Calculate the volume of stacks having circumferences or overs greater or less than those given in Table 2 by using the following formula:

Volume = (0.04 x O) - (0.012 x C) x C2

In this formula, C equals the circumference or distance around the stack at the ground, and O equals the over or distance from the ground on one side over the peak to the ground on the other side (usually taking two measurements at right angles to each other and averaging them is best).

Thus, the computation of the volume of a large, round stack may be illustrated by the following example:

Example. You want to determine the amount of alfalfa hay in a round stack that is 100 feet in circumference and has an average over of 60 feet.

The answer is secured as follows:

a. Volume = (0.04 x 60) - (0.012 x 100) x (100)2 = 12,000 cubic feet.

b. Table 1 shows that there are about 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa.

c. 12,000 ÷ 470 = 25.5 tons of hay.

Indoor hay and straw storage helps preserve quality and reduce dry-matter losses. Store hay and straw near loading or feeding areas. Use hay storage sheds according to the following chart.

 
Hay shed capacities.*
Shed Width Small
Square Bale
Chopped Hay
(ft) ton/ft of length
24 2 1.9
30 2.6 2.3
36 3.1 2.8
40 3.4 3.1
48 4 3.7
* Shed has 20' high side walls.

 

Figure 1. Three common types of oblong or rectangular stacks.

(Source:Measuring Hay in Stacks, USDA Leaflet No. 72.)

Rather Use a Computer?

This publication contains a variety of helpful references under one cover. It is by no means complete. Sometimes the "hard copy" version is handy enough, but sometimes you would rather use a computer.

Many computer programs and calculators have conversions built into their memory. Stand-alone programs also are available free of charge or for purchase.

Convert is one "free" program that is worthy of note. Convert is an easy-to-use unit-conversion program that will convert the most popular units of distance, temperature, volume, time, speed, mass, power, density, pressure and energy, and it has the ability to create custom conversions.

Convert is available by going to:

http://joshmadison.com/software/convert

 

Click Here to view Table 2. 

Bunker/Trench Silos and Silage Piles

Wet Forages

Approximate dry-matter capacities of bunker silos

  • Haycrop Silage
    Dry-matter density is assumed to be 11.8 lbs DM/ft3 (Rotz, 1989).
     
  • Corn Silage
    Dry-matter density is assumed to be 17.7 lbs DM/ft3 (Holter, 1983).

                                        (length, ft) × (width, ft) × (average height, ft) × (dry matter density)
Capacity, tons DM= ——————————————————————————————
                                                                                              2000

 
Table 3.Horizontal silo capacity, wet tons.
Silo Floor Width (ft)
Depth 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
(feet)  ������������� wet tons/10' length—————————————
10 40 60 80 100 120 140 160 180 200
12 50 70 95 120 145 170 190 215 240
14 55 85 110 140 170 195 225 250 280
16 65 95 130 160 190 225 255 290 320
18 70 110 145 180 215 250 290 325 360
20 80 120 160 200 240 280 320 360 400
65% moisture; 40 lb/ft3 or 50 ft3 = 1 ton; 1.25 ft3/bu. Silo assumed level full.
Capacities rounded to nearest 5 tons.
To calculate capacity of other silo sizes:
(silage depth, ft x silo width, ft x silo length, ft) ÷ 50.

 
Table 4.Horizontal silo capacity, dry matter.*
Silo Floor Width (ft)
Depth 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
feet ������������ tons dry matter/10' length ������������
10 15 20 30 35 40 50 55 65 70
12 15 25 35 40 50 60 65 75 85
14 20 30 40 50 60 70 80 90 100
16 20 35 45 55 65 80 90 100 110
18 25 40 50 65 75 90 100 115 125
20 30 40 55 70 85 100 110 125 140

* Silo assumed level full. Capacities rounded to nearest 5 tons.

 
Table 5.Capacity in tons per foot of corn and grass silage for trench or bunker silos.
Depth
5 Feet 6 Feet 7 Feet 8 Feet 9 Feet 10 Feet
Average
Width
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass
Cubic
Feet
Tons
Corn
Tons
Grass

                                   
8 40 0.7 0.9 48 0.84 1.08 56 0.98 1.26 64 1.12 1.44 72 1.25 1.62 80 1.4 1.8
10 50 0.88 1.13 60 1.05 1.35 70 23 1.58 80 1.4 1.8 90 1.58 2.03 100 1.75 2.25
12 60 1.05 1.35 72 1.26 1.62 84 1.47 1.89 96 1.68 2.16 108 1.69 2.48 120 2.1 2.7
14 70 1.23 1.58 84 1.47 1.69 98 1.71 2.21 112 1.96 2.52 126 2.21 2.84 140 2.45 3.15
16 80 1.4 1.8 96 1.68 2.16 112 1.96 2.52 128 2.24 2.88 144 2.52 3.24 160 2.8 3.6
18 90 1.58 2.03 108 1.89 2.48 126 2.21 2.89 144 2.52 3.24 162 2.89 3.64 180 3.15 4.05
20 100 1.75 2.25 120 2.1 2.7 140 2.45 3.15 160 2.8 3.6 180 3.15 4.05 200 3.5 4.5
22 110 1.93 2.48 132 2.31 2.97 154 2.69 3.47 176 3.08 3.96 198 3.47 4.45 220 3.85 4.95
24 120 2.1 2.7 144 2.52 3.24 168 2.94 3.78 192 3.36 4.32 216 3.78 4.85 240 4.2 5.4
26 130 2.28 2.92 156 2.73 3.51 182 3.19 4.09 208 3.64 4.68 234 4.1 5.26 260 4.55 5.85
28 140 2.45 3.15 168 2.94 3.78 196 3.43 4.41 224 3.92 5.04 252 4.41 5.67 280 4.9 6.3
30 150 2.63 3.38 180 3.15 4.05 210 3.68 4.73 240 4.2 5.4 270 4.73 6.05 300 5.25 6.75

 

Table 6.Quantity in silage piles.

Average pile width (ft)
Depth 24 28 32 36 38 42
(feet) ——— tons dry matter/10' length ———
4 6 7 8 9 9 10
5 7 8 10 11 11 13
6 9 10 12 13 14 15
7 10 12 13 15 16 18

 

Table 7.Silo capacity chart.

Size
of Silo
Cubic
Feet in
Silo
Dry
Matter
70%
Corn
Silage
60%
Corn
or Grass
Silage
50%
Grass
Silage
40%
Grass
Silage
15.5%
Cracked
Shelled Corn
24%
Cracked
Shelled Corn
30%
Cracked
Shelled Corn
24%
Ground
Ear Corn
28%
Ground
Ear Corn
32%
Ground
Ear Corn
  ������� tons ������� bushels tons bushels tons bushels tons bushels tons bushels tons bushels tons
12 x 30 3,390 21 70 52 42 35 2,712 76 2,511 78 2,354 80 1,576 65 1,507 67 1,449 69
12 x 40 4,520 32 106 80 64 53 3,616 101 3,348 105 3,138 106 2,101 87 2,009 90 1,932 91
12 x 50 5,650 44 147 110 88 73 4,520 126 4,185 131 3,923 133 2,627 109 2,511 112 2,415 114
14 x 30 4,620 29 96 72 58 48 3,696 103 3,422 107 3,208 109 2,148 89 2,053 92 1,974 93
14 x 40 6,160 44 145 110 88 73 4,928 129 4,562 143 4,277 145 2,865 119 2,738 122 2,632 124
14 x 50 7,700 60 200 150 120 100 6,160 173 5,703 178 5,347 181 3,581 148 3,422 153 3,291 156
14 x 60 9,240 78 260 195 156 130 7,392 207 6,844 214 6,416 218 4,297 178 4,107 183 3,949 187
16 x 30 6,030 38 125 95 76 63 4,824 135 4,466 140 4,187 142 2,804 116 2,680 120 2,577 122
16 x 40 8,040 57 189 142 114 95 6,432 180 5,955 186 5,583 189 3,739 155 3,573 159 3,436 163
16 x 50 10,050 78 261 195 156 130 8,040 225 7,44 232 6,979 237 4,674 194 4,467 199 4,295 203
16 x 60 12,060 102 341 255 204 170 9,648 270 8,933 279 8,375 284 5,609 232 5,360 239 5,154 244
18 x 40 10,160 72 239 180 144 120 8,128 228 7,525 235 7,055 239 4,726 196 4,516 201 4,342 205
18 x 50 12,700 99 330 247 198 165 10,160 285 9,407 294 8,819 299 5,907 245 5,644 252 5,427 257
18 x 60 15,240 129 430 322 258 215 12,192 341 11,288 353 10,583 359 7,088 293 6,773 302 6,513 308
18 x 70 17,780 162 539 405 324 270 14,224 398 13,170 412 12,347 419 8,270 342 7,902 352 7,598 359
20 x 40 12,560 89 295 222 178 148 10,048 281 9,303 291 8,722 296 5,842 242 5,582 249 5,367 254
20 x 50 15,700 122 407 305 244 203 12,560 352 11,629 363 10,902 370 7,302 302 6,978 311 6,709 317
20 x 60 18,840 159 529 397 318 265 15,072 422 13,955 436 13,083 443 8,763 362 8,373 373 8,051 381
20 x 70 21,980 198 660 495 396 330 17,584 492 16,280 509 15,263 517 10,223 423 9,769 436 9,393 444
22 x 40 15,200 107 358 267 214 178 12,160 341 11,259 352 10,55 358 7,070 293 6,756 301 6,496 307
22 x 50 19,000 148 492 370 296 246 15,200 426 14,074 440 13,194 447 8,837 366 8,444 377 8,119 384
22 x 60 22,800 192 640 480 384 320 18,240 511 16,888 528 15,833 537 10,605 439 10,133 452 9,744 461
24 x 50 22,600 175 583 437 350 291 18,080 506 16,740 523 15,694 532 10,512 435 10,044 448 9,658 457
24 x 60 27,120 228 760 570 456 380 21,696 608 20,088 628 18,833 638 12,614 522 12,053 538 11,590 548
24 x 70 31,640 284 947 710 568 473 25,312 709 23,347 732 21,972 745 14,716 609 14,062 627 13,521 640
24 x 80 36,160 341 1,136 852 682 568 28,928 810 26,785 837 25,111 851 16,819 969 16,071 717 15,453 731
26 x 50 26,500 206 688 515 412 343                        
26 x 60 31,800 273 910 682 546 455 56 pounds
per bushel
62.5 pounds
per bushel
67.8 pounds
per bushel
82.8 pounds
per bushel
89.2 pounds
per bushel
94.6 pounds
per bushel
26 x 70 37,100 343 1,143 857 686 571                        
26 x 80 42,400 417 1,389 1,042 834 695                        
28 x 60 36,900 309 1,030 772 618 515 1.25 cubic
feet per bushel
1.35 cubic
feet per bushel
1.44 cubic
eet per bushel
2.15 cubic
feet per bushel
2.25 cubic
feet per bushel
2.34 cubic
feet per bushel
28 x 70 43,050 383 1,275 957 766 638                        
28 x 80 49,200 461 1,537 1,153 922 768                        
30 x 50 35,300 274 913 685 548 456                        
30 x 60 42,360 357 1,190 892 714 595                        
30 x 70 49,420 441 1,470 1,102 882 735                        
30 x 80 56,480 529 1,764 1,322 1,058 881                        
Source: Madison Silo, Division of Martin Marietta Corp. (Madison Silo Capacity Chart - Corn Silage-Grass Silage).

 

Silage Bag Capacity

One way to establish this value is to calculate the volume in the bag and multiply by its density. The volume of a round bag is calculated as:

V = p x (D2 ÷ 4) x L

where p = 3.14, V = Volume (ft3), D = Diameter (ft), and L = Length of silage (ft).

When full-length bags are used, the length of the silage is the bag length minus the unused portion needed to seal each end of the bag.

The quantity of dry matter in the bag is the volume multiplied by the dry matter density. The dry matter density can vary from bag to bag and is based on machine type and adjustment, as well as forage type. Typical corn silage densities range between 11 and 15 pounds DM per cubic foot. Table 8 shows silo bag capacity based on the following assumptions: round bags, silage length = bag length - (2 x diameter), density = 13 pounds DM per cubic foot.

Use the multiplier in Table 9 to adjust the values in Table 8 for a different density.

For example, the quantity of silage in a 200-foot x 9-foot bag packed to 15 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot is:

150,500 lbs DM x 1.15 = 173,100 lbs DM.

Table 8 lists dry matter in one bag. If you need to know the capacity in pounds of silage as fed, divide the table value by the dry matter content.

For example, 65 percent moisture silage in a 200-foot-long bag of 9-foot diameter weighs:

430,000 lbs as fed = 150,500 lbs DM ÷ 0.35

when packed at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density. Divide this value by 2,000 pounds per ton to obtain 215 tons as fed (TAF).

Source: Brian J. Holmes, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 
Table 8.Capacities of silage bags at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density.
Bag Diameter
8 feet 9 feet 10 feet 12 feet
Bag Length Silage Length Capacity Silage Length Capacity Silage Length Capacity Silage Length Capacity
100 84 54,900 82 67,800 80 81,700 76 111,700
150 134 88,600 132 109,200 130 132,700 126 185,300
200 184 120,200 182 150,500 180 183,800 176 258,800
250 234 152,900 232 191,900 230 234,800 226 332,300
300 284 185,600 282 233,200 280 285,900 276 405,800

 

Table 9.Multiplier to adjust Table 8 capacities to a different density.

Density Multiplier
(lbs DM/ft3)  
11 0.85
12 0.92
13 1
14 1.08
15 1.15

 
Table 10.Silage bag capacities at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density.*
Bag Diameter Bag Length Hay Silage Corn Silage Ground Ear Corn Ground Shelled Corn Shelled Corn
(feet) (feet) (tons) (tons) (bu) (bu) (bu)
8 100 80-90 90-100 2,000 3,100 2,600
150 120-140 140-150 3,200 5,000 4,100  
200 170-180 190-200 4,300 6,800 5,735  
9 135 120-140 130-160 3,500 5,500 4,300
150 150-170 160-190 3,900 6,100 4,800  
200 190-210 220-240 5,300 8,400 6,600  
10 150 240-260 260-280 6,000 9,400 7,400
200 300-320 345-365 8,200 13,000 10,000  
250 375-395 430-455 10,250 16,250 12,500  
12 200 360 410      
250 440 520        
300 530 620        
* These quantities are only approximations. Actual quantities will vary with moisture content and length of cut.

 
Table 11.Grain moisture factor (GMF).
%Moisture GMF
18 1.03
20 1.06
22 1.08
24 1.11
26 1.14
28 1.17
30 1.21
32 1.24
34 1.28
36 1.32
38 1.36
40 1.41
45 1.54
50 1.69
To convert wet tons to tons at 15.5% moisture, divide by GMF.
To convert tons at 15.5% moisture to wet tons, multiply by GMF.

GMF = 84.5 ÷ (100 - % moisture).

 
Table 12.Adding water to whole-plant corn silage or haylage.
Initial ———— Desired Final Moisture (%) ————
Moisture 56 58 60 62 64 66
(%) ———— pounds of water to add per ton ————
54 91 190 300 421 556 706
56 95 200 316 444 588  
58 100 210 333 471    
60 105 222 352      
62 111 235        
64 188          

1 gallon of water = 8.33 lbs.

Tower Silos

 

Table 13.Concrete silo capacities for corn silage.
Diameter and
Settled Depth
————— % moisture —————
40 50 60 70
  ——————— tons ———————
12 x 30 47 54 62 74
12 x 40 66 75 87 103
12 x 50 85 97 111 132
14 x 40 93 106 121 143
14 x 50 121 137 158 185
14 x 55 134 153 175 210
16 x 50 163 184 210 250
16 x 60 200 230 260 300
16 x 65 220 250 280 330
18 x 50 210 240 270 320
18 x 60 260 290 340 390
18 x 70 310 350 400 460
20 x 60 330 370 420 490
20 x 70 390 440 500 580
20 x 80 460 510 580 670
24 x 60 490 540 620 710
24 x 70 580 650 740 850
24 x 80 680 760 850 980
24 x 90 780 860 970 1,110
30 x 80 1,090 1,280 1,480 1,630
30 x 90 1,240 1,480 1,710 1,880

 

Table 14.Steel silo capacities for alfalfa silage.
Diameter and
Settled Depth
————— % moisture —————
40 50 60 70
  ——————— tons ———————
12 x 30 37 47 62 89
12 x 40 54 67 88 127
12 x 50 69 87 116 166
14 x 40 75 94 123 177
14 x 50 98 123 163 230
14 x 55 110 138 183 260
16 x 50 132 165 220 310
16 x 60 165 210 270 390
16 x 65 183 230 300 430
18 x 50 171 210 280 400
18 x 60 210 270 350 500
18 x 70 260 330 430 610
20 x 60 270 340 450 630
20 x 70 330 410 540 760
20 x 80 390 490 630 890
24 x 60 410 510 660 930
24 x 70 490 620 800 1,120
24 x 80 590 730 940 1,310
24 x 90 680 840 1,090 1,500
30 x 80 960 1,180 1,520 2,090
30 x 90 1,110 1,370 1,750 2,390

 
Table 15. Approximate tons of dry matter in next 4 feet of silage in top-unloading tower silos during unloading.
(This information is used in determining removal rates.)
Depth of
silage
already
unloaded
Silo Diameter (ft)
10 12 14 16 18 20 22 24 26 28 30
(ft)                      
0 1 2 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10
4 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 10 11 13
8 2 2 3 4 5 7 8 10 11 13 15
12 2 3 4 5 6 8 9 11 13 15 17
16 2 3 4 5 7 9 10 12 14 16 18
20 2 3 5 6 7 10 12 14 16 18 22
24 3 4 5 7 9 11 13 15 18 21 23
28 3 4 5 7 9 11 14 16 19 22 26
32 3 5 6 8 10 12 14 17 20 23 27
36 3 5 6 8 10 12 15 18 21 23 27
40     7 8 10 13 16 19 22 27 30
44     7 9 11 13 17 20 23 27 31
48     7 9 12 13 17 20 24 27 31
52     7 9 12 14 17 21 24 27 33
56     7 10 12 15 18 21 25 28 33
60       7 13 15 18 21 25 31 34
64         13 16 18 21 26 30 34
68               21 26 30 33
72               21 26 27 31
76               21 26 28 31

 

Converting Forage Yields to a Common Moisture

n Adjusting forage yields to 65 percent or 70 percent moisture so yields can be compared fairly is common. To do so, the following formula can be used:

                                yield (as harvested) x % dry matter (as harvested)
adjusted yield= ———————————————————————
                                                    % dry matter adjusting to

Note:Work with dry matter percent, not moisture percent.

Example A: 21.3 tons of forage at 61% moisture (39% dry matter) is harvested per acre. What is the yield in tons/acre adjusted to 65% moisture?

                                                             21.3 x 39
yield at 65% moisture (35% DM)= ————— =23.7 tons/acre at 35% DM
                                                                  
35

Example B: What would be the yield adjusted to 30% DM?

                                                             21.3 x 39
yield at 70% moisture (30% DM)= ————— =27.7 tons/acre at 30% DM
                                                                 
30

Example C: What would be the yield adjusted to 100% DM?

                                    21.3 x 39
yield at 100% DM= ————— =8.3 tons/acre at 100% DM
                                       
100

 
Table 16.Dry-matter factor (DMF).
% Moisture DMF
30 1.43
40 1.67
50 2
55 2.22
60 2.5
65 2.86
70 3.33
75 4
80 5
To convert from wet tons to dry matter, divide by the DMF.
To convert from tons of dry matter to wet tons, multiply by the DMF.

DMF = 100 ÷ (100 - % moisture).

 
Table 17.Storage capacity for round grain bins.*
  Depth of Grain (ft)
Diameter 1 11 13 16 19
(ft) —————————— bushels ——————————
14 125 1,375 1,625 2,000 2,375
18 203 2,200 2,635 3,250 3,850
21 277 3,050 3,600 4,400 5,300
24 362 4,000 4,700 5,800 6,900
27 458 5,050 5,950 7,300 8,700
30 565 6,215 7,345 9,040 10,735
36 814 8,950 10,600 13,000 15,450
40 1,005 11,050 13,050 16,100 19,100
* Capacity does not include space above eave line. Based on 1.25 ft3/bushel.
Source: MWPS-6 Beef Housing and Equipment Handbook, 4th Ed.

 
Table 18.Approximate capacity of round, hopper-bottom bins.*
  Overall
Height
Capacity in Tons
 (lb/ft3 material)
Total
Capacity
Description (ft) 30 40 50 ft3 bu
6' diameter
center draw-off
           
10-10� 2.2 2.7 3.4 135 108
10�-13 3.1 4.2 5.3 210 166
15�-16 4.2 5.7 7.1 285 228
18-18� 5.4 7.2 9 360 288
20-20� 6.2 8.6 10.4 415 322
6' diameter
side draw-off
           
14�-15 2.8 3.7 4.7 187 150
17-17� 3.9 5.2 6.6 263 210
19�-20 5 6.7 8.4 338 270
22�-23 6.1 8.2 10.3 413 330
25-25� 7.3 9.7 12.1 487 390
9' diameter
center draw-off
           
16�-17 8.4 11.2 14 561 413
19�-20 11 14.6 18.3 730 583
22-22� 13.5 18 22.5 900 720
24�-25 16 21.3 26.7 1,067 853
27�-28 18.6 24.7 30.9 1,236 990
12' diameter
center draw-off
           
20-20� 16.3 21.7 27.1 1,085 870
22�-23 20.7 27.7 34.6 1,383 1,110
25�-26 25.2 33.6 42 1,681 1,345
28-28� 29.7 39.6 49.5 1,980 1,585
30-30� 34.2 45.6 57 2,278 1,820
33-33� 38.7 51.5 64.4 2,577 2,060
36-36� 43.1 57.5 71.9 2,875 2,300
38�-39 47.6 63.5 79.3 3,174 2,540
41�-42 52 69.4 86.8 2,472 2,780
60° hopper; 24" slide valve clearance.
For estimates on flat storage calculations, see MWPS-13, pages 42 and 43.

[ Granular Material ]

[ Application ]

The assistance of Holly Erdmann for manuscript preparation is gratefully acknowledged

For more information on this and other topics, see: www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu

 


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