Weights and Measures of Common Feed

AS-1282 JUNE 2005

 

Table of Contents

Table 2

Granular Material

Application

Compiled by

J. W. Schroeder
Dairy Specialist
NDSU Extension Service

Contributions from

Kenneth J. Hellevang
Agricultural Engineer
NDSU Extension Service

In calculating rations and mixing concentrates, using weights rather than measures usually is necessary. However, in practical feeding operations, measuring the concentrates often is more convenient for the farmer or rancher.

■ FORAGE

Storage Space Requirements for Feed and Bedding

The space requirements for feed storage for the livestock enterprise - whether it is for cattle, sheep, hogs or horses, or as is more frequently the case, a combination of these _ vary so widely that providing a suggested method of calculating space requirements applicable to such diverse conditions is difficult. The amount of feed to be stored depends primarily upon (1) length of pasture season, (2) method of feeding and management, (3) kind of feed, (4) climate, and (5) the proportion of feeds produced on the farm or ranch in comparison with those purchased.

Normally, the storage capacity should be sufficient to handle all feed grain and silage grown on the farm and to hold purchased supplies. Forage and bedding may or may not be stored under cover.

In those areas where weather conditions permit, hay and straw frequently are stacked in the fields or near the barns in loose, baled or chopped form. Sometimes sheds or a waterproof cover is used for protection. Other forms of storage include temporary upright silos, trench silos, temporary grain bins and open-wall buildings for hay.

Hay Weight in a Stack or Barn

Stockmen and hay dealers frequently buy and sell large quantities of hay in the stack or in the barn. This practice is prevalent especially in the Western and Great Plains states, where cattle and sheep are brought into the farm yard to be wintered on hay bought from hay producers.

Under such circumstances, the weight of hay usually is estimated because (1) no scales are available, and/or (2) weighing the hay is impractical due to the time, labor and wastage involved. In many such instances, the hay is fed directly from the stack or barn, in racks arranged about it. Under these and other circumstances, there is need for a simple and reasonably accurate method of estimating the weight of hay in a stack or barn.

To estimate the tonnage of hay in a stack or in a barn, you need to (1) compute the volume of hay, and (2) know the number of cubic feet per ton of hay. Table 1 gives the density information.
 

Table 1.Storage space requirements for feed and bedding.1
Kind of Feed or Bedding	Pounds per Cubic Foot	Cubic Feet per Ton	Pounds per Bushel of Grain
Hay
1. Loose
Alfalfa	4.0-4.4	450-500	�
Nonlegume	3.3-4.4	450-600	�
Straw	2.0-3.0	670-1,000	�
2 Baled
Alfalfa	6.0-10.0	200-330	�
Nonlegume	6.0-8.0	250-330	�
Straw	4.0-5.0	400-500	�
3 Chopped
Alfalfa, 1�-inch cut	5.5-7.0	285-360	�
Nonlegume, 3-inch cut	5.0-6.7	300-400	�
Straw	5.7-8.0	250-350	�
Corn
15�% moisture:
Shelled	44.8	�	56
Ear	28	�	70
Shelled, ground	38	�	48
Ear, ground	36	�	45
30% moisture:
Shelled	54	�	67.5
Ear, ground	35.8	�	89.6
Barley, 15% moisture	38.4	�	48
Ground	28	�	37
Flax, 11% moisture	44.8	�	56
Oats, 16% moisture	25.6	�	32
Ground	18	�	23
Rye, 16% moisture	44.8	�	56
Ground	38	�	48
Sorghum grain, 15% moisture	44.8	�	56
Soybeans, 14% moisture	46	�	60
Wheat, 14% moisture	48	�	60
Ground	43	�	50
1 Source: Adapted from Beef Housing and Equipment Handbook, Midwest Plan Service, Iowa State University, 4th edition, 1987, Table 8-13, pg. 8.21 and Table 8-17, pg. 8.22.

In using Table 1, you must recognize that many factors — other than kind of hay, form (loose, chopped, or baled) and period of settling — affect the density of hay in a stack or in a barn, including (1) moisture content at haying time, and (2) texture and foreign material.

Computing the volume of hay in a mow is relatively simple, but determining the volume of a stack is more difficult. Although different rules or formulas may be and are used, the U.S. Department of Agriculture¹ recommends the following:

1. Volume of hay in barns
Multiply the width by the length by the height, all in feet, and divide by the cubic feet per ton as given in Table 1.

2. Volume of hay in oblong and rectangular stacks
Three types of oblong stacks are common, as shown in Figure 1 (page 3). The volume of each type of oblong stack may be determined as follows:

a. For low, round-topped stacks: (0.52 x O) - (0.44 x W) x W x L

b. For high, round-topped stacks: (0.52 x O) - (0.46 x W) x W x L

c. For square, flat-topped stacks: (0.56 x O) - (0.55 x W) x W x L

In these formulas, O is the "over" or "over-throw," which is the distance in feet from the ground on one side of the stack, up and over the stack and down to the ground on the other side; W is the width; and L is the length.

The application of this formula is illustrated as follows:

Example. You want to estimate the amount of alfalfa hay in a low, round-topped type of oblong stack that has settled for four months. The stack is 20 feet wide, 30 feet long and has an over of 40 feet.

The answer is secured as follows:

a. Volume = (0.52 x 40) - (0.44 x 20) x 20 x 30 = 7,200 cubic feet

b. Table 3 shows that there are 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa

c. 7,200 ÷ 470 = 15 tons of hay

3. Volume of hay in round stacks
The rules or formulas used for oblong stacks do not apply to round stacks. But Table 2 (pages 4-5) gives the volume of round stacks when the circumference is between 45 and 98 feet and the over between 25 and 50 feet.

Calculate the volume of stacks having circumferences or overs greater or less than those given in Table 2 by using the following formula:

Volume = (0.04 x O) - (0.012 x C) x C²

In this formula, C equals the circumference or distance around the stack at the ground, and O equals the over or distance from the ground on one side over the peak to the ground on the other side (usually taking two measurements at right angles to each other and averaging them is best).

Thus, the computation of the volume of a large, round stack may be illustrated by the following example:

Example. You want to determine the amount of alfalfa hay in a round stack that is 100 feet in circumference and has an average over of 60 feet.

The answer is secured as follows:

a. Volume = (0.04 x 60) - (0.012 x 100) x (100)² = 12,000 cubic feet.

b. Table 1 shows that there are about 470 cubic feet per ton of settled alfalfa.

c. 12,000 ÷ 470 = 25.5 tons of hay.

Indoor hay and straw storage helps preserve quality and reduce dry-matter losses. Store hay and straw near loading or feeding areas. Use hay storage sheds according to the following chart.

 

Hay shed capacities.*
Shed Width	Small Square Bale	Chopped Hay
(ft)	ton/ft of length
24	2	1.9
30	2.6	2.3
36	3.1	2.8
40	3.4	3.1
48	4	3.7
* Shed has 20' high side walls.

Figure 1. Three common types of oblong or rectangular stacks.

(Source:Measuring Hay in Stacks, USDA Leaflet No. 72.)

Rather Use a Computer?

This publication contains a variety of helpful references under one cover. It is by no means complete. Sometimes the "hard copy" version is handy enough, but sometimes you would rather use a computer.

Many computer programs and calculators have conversions built into their memory. Stand-alone programs also are available free of charge or for purchase.

Convert is one "free" program that is worthy of note. Convert is an easy-to-use unit-conversion program that will convert the most popular units of distance, temperature, volume, time, speed, mass, power, density, pressure and energy, and it has the ability to create custom conversions.

Convert is available by going to:

http://joshmadison.com/software/convert

Click Here to view Table 2. 

Bunker/Trench Silos and Silage Piles

Wet Forages

Approximate dry-matter capacities of bunker silos

• Haycrop Silage
  Dry-matter density is assumed to be 11.8 lbs DM/ft³ (Rotz, 1989).
   
• Corn Silage
  Dry-matter density is assumed to be 17.7 lbs DM/ft³ (Holter, 1983).

                                        (length, ft) × (width, ft) × (average height, ft) × (dry matter density)
Capacity, tons DM= ——————————————————————————————
                                                                                              2000

 

Table 3.Horizontal silo capacity, wet tons.
Silo Floor Width (ft)
Depth	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
(feet)	������������� wet tons/10' length—————————————
10	40	60	80	100	120	140	160	180	200
12	50	70	95	120	145	170	190	215	240
14	55	85	110	140	170	195	225	250	280
16	65	95	130	160	190	225	255	290	320
18	70	110	145	180	215	250	290	325	360
20	80	120	160	200	240	280	320	360	400
65% moisture; 40 lb/ft3 or 50 ft3 = 1 ton; 1.25 ft3/bu. Silo assumed level full. Capacities rounded to nearest 5 tons. To calculate capacity of other silo sizes: (silage depth, ft x silo width, ft x silo length, ft) ÷ 50.

 

Table 4.Horizontal silo capacity, dry matter.*
Silo Floor Width (ft)
Depth	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
feet	������������ tons dry matter/10' length ������������
10	15	20	30	35	40	50	55	65	70
12	15	25	35	40	50	60	65	75	85
14	20	30	40	50	60	70	80	90	100
16	20	35	45	55	65	80	90	100	110
18	25	40	50	65	75	90	100	115	125
20	30	40	55	70	85	100	110	125	140
* Silo assumed level full. Capacities rounded to nearest 5 tons.

 

Table 5.Capacity in tons per foot of corn and grass silage for trench or bunker silos.
	Depth
	5 Feet			6 Feet			7 Feet			8 Feet			9 Feet			10 Feet
Average Width	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass	Cubic Feet	Tons Corn	Tons Grass
8	40	0.7	0.9	48	0.84	1.08	56	0.98	1.26	64	1.12	1.44	72	1.25	1.62	80	1.4	1.8
10	50	0.88	1.13	60	1.05	1.35	70	23	1.58	80	1.4	1.8	90	1.58	2.03	100	1.75	2.25
12	60	1.05	1.35	72	1.26	1.62	84	1.47	1.89	96	1.68	2.16	108	1.69	2.48	120	2.1	2.7
14	70	1.23	1.58	84	1.47	1.69	98	1.71	2.21	112	1.96	2.52	126	2.21	2.84	140	2.45	3.15
16	80	1.4	1.8	96	1.68	2.16	112	1.96	2.52	128	2.24	2.88	144	2.52	3.24	160	2.8	3.6
18	90	1.58	2.03	108	1.89	2.48	126	2.21	2.89	144	2.52	3.24	162	2.89	3.64	180	3.15	4.05
20	100	1.75	2.25	120	2.1	2.7	140	2.45	3.15	160	2.8	3.6	180	3.15	4.05	200	3.5	4.5
22	110	1.93	2.48	132	2.31	2.97	154	2.69	3.47	176	3.08	3.96	198	3.47	4.45	220	3.85	4.95
24	120	2.1	2.7	144	2.52	3.24	168	2.94	3.78	192	3.36	4.32	216	3.78	4.85	240	4.2	5.4
26	130	2.28	2.92	156	2.73	3.51	182	3.19	4.09	208	3.64	4.68	234	4.1	5.26	260	4.55	5.85
28	140	2.45	3.15	168	2.94	3.78	196	3.43	4.41	224	3.92	5.04	252	4.41	5.67	280	4.9	6.3
30	150	2.63	3.38	180	3.15	4.05	210	3.68	4.73	240	4.2	5.4	270	4.73	6.05	300	5.25	6.75

 

Table 6.Quantity in silage piles.
	Average pile width (ft)
Depth	24	28	32	36	38	42
(feet)	——— tons dry matter/10' length ———
4	6	7	8	9	9	10
5	7	8	10	11	11	13
6	9	10	12	13	14	15
7	10	12	13	15	16	18

 

Table 7.Silo capacity chart.
Size of Silo	Cubic Feet in Silo	Dry Matter	70% Corn Silage	60% Corn or Grass Silage	50% Grass Silage	40% Grass Silage	15.5% Cracked Shelled Corn		24% Cracked Shelled Corn		30% Cracked Shelled Corn		24% Ground Ear Corn		28% Ground Ear Corn		32% Ground Ear Corn
		������� tons �������					bushels	tons	bushels	tons	bushels	tons	bushels	tons	bushels	tons	bushels	tons
12 x 30	3,390	21	70	52	42	35	2,712	76	2,511	78	2,354	80	1,576	65	1,507	67	1,449	69
12 x 40	4,520	32	106	80	64	53	3,616	101	3,348	105	3,138	106	2,101	87	2,009	90	1,932	91
12 x 50	5,650	44	147	110	88	73	4,520	126	4,185	131	3,923	133	2,627	109	2,511	112	2,415	114
14 x 30	4,620	29	96	72	58	48	3,696	103	3,422	107	3,208	109	2,148	89	2,053	92	1,974	93
14 x 40	6,160	44	145	110	88	73	4,928	129	4,562	143	4,277	145	2,865	119	2,738	122	2,632	124
14 x 50	7,700	60	200	150	120	100	6,160	173	5,703	178	5,347	181	3,581	148	3,422	153	3,291	156
14 x 60	9,240	78	260	195	156	130	7,392	207	6,844	214	6,416	218	4,297	178	4,107	183	3,949	187
16 x 30	6,030	38	125	95	76	63	4,824	135	4,466	140	4,187	142	2,804	116	2,680	120	2,577	122
16 x 40	8,040	57	189	142	114	95	6,432	180	5,955	186	5,583	189	3,739	155	3,573	159	3,436	163
16 x 50	10,050	78	261	195	156	130	8,040	225	7,44	232	6,979	237	4,674	194	4,467	199	4,295	203
16 x 60	12,060	102	341	255	204	170	9,648	270	8,933	279	8,375	284	5,609	232	5,360	239	5,154	244
18 x 40	10,160	72	239	180	144	120	8,128	228	7,525	235	7,055	239	4,726	196	4,516	201	4,342	205
18 x 50	12,700	99	330	247	198	165	10,160	285	9,407	294	8,819	299	5,907	245	5,644	252	5,427	257
18 x 60	15,240	129	430	322	258	215	12,192	341	11,288	353	10,583	359	7,088	293	6,773	302	6,513	308
18 x 70	17,780	162	539	405	324	270	14,224	398	13,170	412	12,347	419	8,270	342	7,902	352	7,598	359
20 x 40	12,560	89	295	222	178	148	10,048	281	9,303	291	8,722	296	5,842	242	5,582	249	5,367	254
20 x 50	15,700	122	407	305	244	203	12,560	352	11,629	363	10,902	370	7,302	302	6,978	311	6,709	317
20 x 60	18,840	159	529	397	318	265	15,072	422	13,955	436	13,083	443	8,763	362	8,373	373	8,051	381
20 x 70	21,980	198	660	495	396	330	17,584	492	16,280	509	15,263	517	10,223	423	9,769	436	9,393	444
22 x 40	15,200	107	358	267	214	178	12,160	341	11,259	352	10,55	358	7,070	293	6,756	301	6,496	307
22 x 50	19,000	148	492	370	296	246	15,200	426	14,074	440	13,194	447	8,837	366	8,444	377	8,119	384
22 x 60	22,800	192	640	480	384	320	18,240	511	16,888	528	15,833	537	10,605	439	10,133	452	9,744	461
24 x 50	22,600	175	583	437	350	291	18,080	506	16,740	523	15,694	532	10,512	435	10,044	448	9,658	457
24 x 60	27,120	228	760	570	456	380	21,696	608	20,088	628	18,833	638	12,614	522	12,053	538	11,590	548
24 x 70	31,640	284	947	710	568	473	25,312	709	23,347	732	21,972	745	14,716	609	14,062	627	13,521	640
24 x 80	36,160	341	1,136	852	682	568	28,928	810	26,785	837	25,111	851	16,819	969	16,071	717	15,453	731
26 x 50	26,500	206	688	515	412	343
26 x 60	31,800	273	910	682	546	455	56 pounds per bushel		62.5 pounds per bushel		67.8 pounds per bushel		82.8 pounds per bushel		89.2 pounds per bushel		94.6 pounds per bushel
26 x 70	37,100	343	1,143	857	686	571
26 x 80	42,400	417	1,389	1,042	834	695
28 x 60	36,900	309	1,030	772	618	515	1.25 cubic feet per bushel		1.35 cubic feet per bushel		1.44 cubic eet per bushel		2.15 cubic feet per bushel		2.25 cubic feet per bushel		2.34 cubic feet per bushel
28 x 70	43,050	383	1,275	957	766	638
28 x 80	49,200	461	1,537	1,153	922	768
30 x 50	35,300	274	913	685	548	456
30 x 60	42,360	357	1,190	892	714	595
30 x 70	49,420	441	1,470	1,102	882	735
30 x 80	56,480	529	1,764	1,322	1,058	881
Source: Madison Silo, Division of Martin Marietta Corp. (Madison Silo Capacity Chart - Corn Silage-Grass Silage).

Silage Bag Capacity

One way to establish this value is to calculate the volume in the bag and multiply by its density. The volume of a round bag is calculated as:

V = p x (D² ÷ 4) x L

where p = 3.14, V = Volume (ft³), D = Diameter (ft), and L = Length of silage (ft).

When full-length bags are used, the length of the silage is the bag length minus the unused portion needed to seal each end of the bag.

The quantity of dry matter in the bag is the volume multiplied by the dry matter density. The dry matter density can vary from bag to bag and is based on machine type and adjustment, as well as forage type. Typical corn silage densities range between 11 and 15 pounds DM per cubic foot. Table 8 shows silo bag capacity based on the following assumptions: round bags, silage length = bag length - (2 x diameter), density = 13 pounds DM per cubic foot.

Use the multiplier in Table 9 to adjust the values in Table 8 for a different density.

For example, the quantity of silage in a 200-foot x 9-foot bag packed to 15 pounds of dry matter per cubic foot is:

150,500 lbs DM x 1.15 = 173,100 lbs DM.

Table 8 lists dry matter in one bag. If you need to know the capacity in pounds of silage as fed, divide the table value by the dry matter content.

For example, 65 percent moisture silage in a 200-foot-long bag of 9-foot diameter weighs:

430,000 lbs as fed = 150,500 lbs DM ÷ 0.35

when packed at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density. Divide this value by 2,000 pounds per ton to obtain 215 tons as fed (TAF).

Source: Brian J. Holmes, University of Wisconsin-Madison.

 

Table 8.Capacities of silage bags at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density.
	Bag Diameter
	8 feet		9 feet		10 feet		12 feet
Bag Length	Silage Length	Capacity	Silage Length	Capacity	Silage Length	Capacity	Silage Length	Capacity
100	84	54,900	82	67,800	80	81,700	76	111,700
150	134	88,600	132	109,200	130	132,700	126	185,300
200	184	120,200	182	150,500	180	183,800	176	258,800
250	234	152,900	232	191,900	230	234,800	226	332,300
300	284	185,600	282	233,200	280	285,900	276	405,800

 

Table 9.Multiplier to adjust Table 8 capacities to a different density.
Density	Multiplier
(lbs DM/ft3)
11	0.85
12	0.92
13	1
14	1.08
15	1.15

 

Table 10.Silage bag capacities at 13 pounds dry matter per cubic foot density.*
Bag Diameter	Bag Length	Hay Silage	Corn Silage	Ground Ear Corn	Ground Shelled Corn	Shelled Corn
(feet)	(feet)	(tons)	(tons)	(bu)	(bu)	(bu)
8	100	80-90	90-100	2,000	3,100	2,600
150	120-140	140-150	3,200	5,000	4,100
200	170-180	190-200	4,300	6,800	5,735
9	135	120-140	130-160	3,500	5,500	4,300
150	150-170	160-190	3,900	6,100	4,800
200	190-210	220-240	5,300	8,400	6,600
10	150	240-260	260-280	6,000	9,400	7,400
200	300-320	345-365	8,200	13,000	10,000
250	375-395	430-455	10,250	16,250	12,500
12	200	360	410
250	440	520
300	530	620
* These quantities are only approximations. Actual quantities will vary with moisture content and length of cut.

 

Table 11.Grain moisture factor (GMF).
%Moisture	GMF
18	1.03
20	1.06
22	1.08
24	1.11
26	1.14
28	1.17
30	1.21
32	1.24
34	1.28
36	1.32
38	1.36
40	1.41
45	1.54
50	1.69
To convert wet tons to tons at 15.5% moisture, divide by GMF. To convert tons at 15.5% moisture to wet tons, multiply by GMF. GMF = 84.5 ÷ (100 - % moisture).

 

Table 12.Adding water to whole-plant corn silage or haylage.
Initial	———— Desired Final Moisture (%) ————
Moisture	56	58	60	62	64	66
(%)	———— pounds of water to add per ton ————
54	91	190	300	421	556	706
56	95	200	316	444	588
58	100	210	333	471
60	105	222	352
62	111	235
64	188
1 gallon of water = 8.33 lbs.

Tower Silos

 

Table 15. Approximate tons of dry matter in next 4 feet of silage in top-unloading tower silos during unloading. (This information is used in determining removal rates.)
Depth of silage already unloaded	Silo Diameter (ft)
	10	12	14	16	18	20	22	24	26	28	30
(ft)
0	1	2	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	9	10
4	1	2	3	4	5	6	7	8	10	11	13
8	2	2	3	4	5	7	8	10	11	13	15
12	2	3	4	5	6	8	9	11	13	15	17
16	2	3	4	5	7	9	10	12	14	16	18
20	2	3	5	6	7	10	12	14	16	18	22
24	3	4	5	7	9	11	13	15	18	21	23
28	3	4	5	7	9	11	14	16	19	22	26
32	3	5	6	8	10	12	14	17	20	23	27
36	3	5	6	8	10	12	15	18	21	23	27
40			7	8	10	13	16	19	22	27	30
44			7	9	11	13	17	20	23	27	31
48			7	9	12	13	17	20	24	27	31
52			7	9	12	14	17	21	24	27	33
56			7	10	12	15	18	21	25	28	33
60				7	13	15	18	21	25	31	34
64					13	16	18	21	26	30	34
68								21	26	30	33
72								21	26	27	31
76								21	26	28	31

Converting Forage Yields to a Common Moisture

n Adjusting forage yields to 65 percent or 70 percent moisture so yields can be compared fairly is common. To do so, the following formula can be used:

                                yield (as harvested) x % dry matter (as harvested)
adjusted yield= ———————————————————————
                                                    % dry matter adjusting to

Note:Work with dry matter percent, not moisture percent.

Example A: 21.3 tons of forage at 61% moisture (39% dry matter) is harvested per acre. What is the yield in tons/acre adjusted to 65% moisture?

                                                             21.3 x 39
yield at 65% moisture (35% DM)= ————— =23.7 tons/acre at 35% DM
                                                                   35

Example B: What would be the yield adjusted to 30% DM?

                                                             21.3 x 39
yield at 70% moisture (30% DM)= ————— =27.7 tons/acre at 30% DM
                                                                  30

Example C: What would be the yield adjusted to 100% DM?

                                    21.3 x 39
yield at 100% DM= ————— =8.3 tons/acre at 100% DM
                                        100

 

Table 16.Dry-matter factor (DMF).
% Moisture	DMF
30	1.43
40	1.67
50	2
55	2.22
60	2.5
65	2.86
70	3.33
75	4
80	5
To convert from wet tons to dry matter, divide by the DMF. To convert from tons of dry matter to wet tons, multiply by the DMF. DMF = 100 ÷ (100 - % moisture).

 

Table 17.Storage capacity for round grain bins.*
	Depth of Grain (ft)
Diameter	1	11	13	16	19
(ft)	—————————— bushels ——————————
14	125	1,375	1,625	2,000	2,375
18	203	2,200	2,635	3,250	3,850
21	277	3,050	3,600	4,400	5,300
24	362	4,000	4,700	5,800	6,900
27	458	5,050	5,950	7,300	8,700
30	565	6,215	7,345	9,040	10,735
36	814	8,950	10,600	13,000	15,450
40	1,005	11,050	13,050	16,100	19,100
* Capacity does not include space above eave line. Based on 1.25 ft3/bushel.
Source: MWPS-6 Beef Housing and Equipment Handbook, 4th Ed.

 

Table 18.Approximate capacity of round, hopper-bottom bins.*
	Overall Height	Capacity in Tons  (lb/ft3 material)			Total Capacity
Description	(ft)	30	40	50	ft3	bu
6' diameter center draw-off
	10-10�	2.2	2.7	3.4	135	108
	10�-13	3.1	4.2	5.3	210	166
	15�-16	4.2	5.7	7.1	285	228
	18-18�	5.4	7.2	9	360	288
	20-20�	6.2	8.6	10.4	415	322
6' diameter side draw-off
	14�-15	2.8	3.7	4.7	187	150
	17-17�	3.9	5.2	6.6	263	210
	19�-20	5	6.7	8.4	338	270
	22�-23	6.1	8.2	10.3	413	330
	25-25�	7.3	9.7	12.1	487	390
9' diameter center draw-off
	16�-17	8.4	11.2	14	561	413
	19�-20	11	14.6	18.3	730	583
	22-22�	13.5	18	22.5	900	720
	24�-25	16	21.3	26.7	1,067	853
	27�-28	18.6	24.7	30.9	1,236	990
12' diameter center draw-off
	20-20�	16.3	21.7	27.1	1,085	870
	22�-23	20.7	27.7	34.6	1,383	1,110
	25�-26	25.2	33.6	42	1,681	1,345
	28-28�	29.7	39.6	49.5	1,980	1,585
	30-30�	34.2	45.6	57	2,278	1,820
	33-33�	38.7	51.5	64.4	2,577	2,060
	36-36�	43.1	57.5	71.9	2,875	2,300
	38�-39	47.6	63.5	79.3	3,174	2,540
	41�-42	52	69.4	86.8	2,472	2,780
60° hopper; 24" slide valve clearance.
For estimates on flat storage calculations, see MWPS-13, pages 42 and 43.

[ Granular Material ]

[ Application ]

The assistance of Holly Erdmann for manuscript preparation is gratefully acknowledged

For more information on this and other topics, see: www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu