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Effect of Nozzle Type and
Adjuvants on Fungicide Effectiveness applied with Dew on
Russ Wheat, Langdon, North Dakota, 1998
Terry Gregoire, Area Extension Office, Devils Lake; John Lukach, Langdon Research/Extension Center; Scott Halley, Dept of Plant Pathology, NDSU; Jeremy Tate, Dept. of Ag. Engineering, NDSU, Fargo
Treatments were applied to flowering Russ hard red spring wheat July 24th. Application time was early morning with dew on the plants. Air temperature was 68◦ F, southerly wind 10-15 mph, and the dew point was 50◦ F during application. Folicur fungicide was applied at 4 fl oz product per acre. Adjuvants were added at 0.25% v/v. Treatments were applied with a tractor mounted four nozzle sprayer using CO2 for pressure. Eight nozzles were spaced 20� apart (2 each at 4 locations on the boom) and oriented forward and back from 30◦ from horizontal. Two nozzle types were used. The hollow cone nozzle was a HC6 70◦ with a 0.1 gpm orifice at the 40 psi. The second nozzle was a Spraying Systems XR8001 which produced a MVD of 187 microns. Percent coverage was measured using a spray tracer dye (Day Glo blaze orange). A CCD camera that works under ultra violet low light conditions was used to measure dye on wheat heads. The picture was digitized, stored in a computer, and analyzed to separate dye coverage from leaf material and converted to percent coverage. Five heads per replications were analyzed for dye distribution. Flag leaf disease was visually determined at kernel soft dough stage. A RCB design with 4 replications was used.
Table 1. Effects of Nozzle Type and Adjuvant on Yield and Test weight of Russ Wheat
Trt Nozzle
Adjuvant Flag Leaf Yield
Twt Fungicide %
% Disease
bu/A lbs/bu Coverage
1 untreated
57.8 53.9 58.7
0.1
2 XR 8001 ND72
50.5 64.6 58.5
4.6
3 XR 8001 CS7
72.0 60.1 57.8
7.2
4 XR 8001 COC
51.8 60.2 58.6
5.4
5 XR 8001 Ammonium Sulfate 46.0
61.5 58.6 0.3
6 XR 8001 28-0-0**
91.5 59.7 56.7
2.7
7 XR 8001 Active-It
45.8 62.4 58.3
1.7
8 HC 6-70◦ ND 72
36.5 63.1 58.0
2.1
9 HC 6-70◦
CS7 37.5
65.5 58.8 2.9
10 HC 6-70◦ COC
58.1 60.7 57.9
2.6
11 HC 6-70◦ Ammonium Sulfate
50.5 56.5 58.6
3.1
12 HC 6-70◦ 28-0-0**
93.5 45.3 57.6
2.1
13 HC 6-70◦ Active-It
44.3 64.2 58.6
1.4
LSD p>0.05
25.5 9.3
NS 1.7
C.V.% 31.0
11.2 2.2 43.1
** XR8001 nozzles with liquid nitrogen caused increased spike damage compared to HC 6 70◦ nozzles
Table 2. Effect Between Nozzles and Adjuvants on Fungicide Performance � Russ wheat, dew trt
Variable Flag Leaf
Yield Twt Fungicide %
% Disease bu/A
lbs/bu Head Coverage
Nozzle
XR8001 59.6
56.4 58.1 3.7**
HC 6 70◦
53.2 59.3
58.2 2.4**
Adjuvant
ND72 43.5
63.8 58.2 3.4
CS7 57.8
62.8 58.3 5.0
COC
54.4 60.7
58.2 4.0
Ammonium
Sulfate 48.3
59.0 58.6 1.7
28-0-0
92.5
37.5
57.1
2.4
Active-It 45.0 63.3 58.4 1.
Nozzle NS
+ NS *
Adjuvant 18.4
6.0 NS 1.3
Nozzle x Adjuvant NS
* NS *
C.V.% 31.7
10.2 2.0 41.6
*LSD p>0.05;+LSD p>0.1
** XR8001 nozzles with Liquid Nitrogen caused increased spike damage compared to HC 6 70◦ nozzles
Results
Flag leaf diseases was not significantly reduced by any treatment when compared to the untreated (table 1). Two treatments using 28-0-0 adjuvant were significantly higher for % leaf disease than the untreated. Much of this was due to leaf toxicity due to fertilizer salts. Some adjuvants significantly increased yields as compared to the untreated. ND72 adjuvant significantly increased yields at .05 level with 8001 nozzle and a 0.1 level with HC 6-70◦ nozzle. Latron CS7 and Active-It adjuvants significantly increased yield compared to the untreated at the .05 level when used with HC 6-70◦ nozzle. Using 28-0-0 with either nozzle significantly reduced yields compared to the untreated and any other treatment. Yield increases up to 22 percent were recorded for the best treatment.
Percent head cover was highest when Latron CS7 was used with 8001 nozzles and was significantly higher than any other treatment. COC when used with 8001 nozzle gave significantly higher coverage than any other treatment except Latron CS7. However, better head coverage did not result in significantly different yields or twt compared to other treatment except the 28-0-0 treatments.
Percent head coverage with XR8001 nozzle was significantly higher than HC 6-70◦ nozzles. However, yield was higher (0.1 level) with HC 6-70◦ nozzles than XR8001 (Table 2).
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