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Summary of Fungicide Results at Langdon and Carrington
Research into applying fungicides to small grains has been intensive in the mid 1990's. The Langdon and Carrington Research Extension centers have completed dozens of trials during this time. Fungicide application timing, rates, surfactant use, and environmental influences are among the many factors studied. Application timings at around the five leaf, flag leaf exposed, and early flowering have been extensively studied. All application timings produce favorable yield and quality results when circumstances warranted application. However, if only one seasonal application is made, results show almost without exception that a flowering time application in wheat or barley maximizes results for yield and quality. Application at flowering aids in reducing head disease problems while at the same time providing adequate leaf disease control through the grain fill growth period.
Figures 1 through 5 show average results of flowering time fungicide applications to wheat and barley at Langdon and Carrington over a period of time. Flowering in wheat generally occurs at Feekes 10.51 and in barley, at Feekes 10.3 to 10.5. Treatments generally were applied at 18 GPA with two 8001 nozzles directed at a 30 degree angle to the head from horizontal with a double swivel adapter at Langdon or a 80015 twin jet at Carrington. Pressure used varied but was about 40 psi. A surfactant was generally added at no more than 0.25% v/v. Results include experimental fungicides being tested at the time. The Langdon data compiled for the best 25% for yields, test weight and leaf disease score usually comprised 2 or 3 treatments based on highest yield. Percent head scab reduction was based on head scab scores. Varieties used in the trials varied over the years and reflected currant disease tolerance available at the time. Carrington Figures do not include data from wheat or barley.
Results:
Langdon Wheat (Figure1) When averaged over years, yield increased 16% (7 bu/a) and 27% (12 bu/a), test weights increased 4% and 7%, leaf scores were reduced 60% and 70% and scab severity was reduced 40% and 56% with all fungicides or the best 25% of fungicide treatments, respectively.
Figure 1 |
Figure 2 |
Langdon Barley (Figure 2) When averaged over years, yield increased 15% (11 bu/a) and 22% (17bu/a), test weights increased 4% and 5%, leaf scores were reduced 75% and 85% and scab severity was reduced 47% and 58% with all fungicides or the best 25% of fungicide treatments, respectively.
Carrington Spring Wheat. When averaged over years, yield increased 22% (10.4 bu/a) and 38% (14.3 bu/a) with all fungicides or the best 25% of fungicide treatments, respectively (Figure 3). Test weight increased 2.6 lbs per bushel with the best treatments (Figure 4). Leaf scores were reduced 57% (data not shown) and scab severity was reduced 33% with the best 25% of fungicide treatments (Figure 5).
Figure 3
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Figure 4
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Figure 5
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