1. Title VI of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
Specifies that no person in the U.S. shall, on the grounds
of race, color, or national origin, be excluded
from participation in, be denied the benefits of, or be
subjected to discrimination under any program or activity
receiving Federal financial assistance.
2. Title VII of the Civil Rights Act of 1964
States that the policy of the U.S. Government is to provide
equal opportunity in employment for all persons;
to prohibit discrimination in employment because of race,
color, religion, sex, or national origin; and to promote
equal opportunity through affirmative action in each Federal
department and agency.
3. Title IX of the Education Amendments of 1972
The specific purposes of Title IX are to prohibit discrimination
against individuals in federally funded programs or
activities, and in every aspect of employment because
of their gender. Title IX provisions include prohibitions
against male/female job-related stereotyping, sexual harassment,
unequal opportunities for training, advancement and other
benefits of employment.
4. Section 504 of the Rehabilitation Act of 1973
Specifies that no person in the U.S. shall, on the basis
of a disability, be excluded from participation in,
be denied the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination
under any program or activity receiving Federal financial
assistance.
5. Age Discrimination Act of 1975
Specifies that no person in the U.S. shall, on the basis
of age, be excluded from participation in, be denied
the benefits of, or be subjected to discrimination under
any program or activity receiving Federal financial
assistance.
6. Americans with Disabilities Act of 1990
Title I sates that no entity shall discriminate against
a qualified individual with a disability because
of the individual's disability in regard to job application
procedures, hiring, advancement, discharge, compensation,
training and other terms, conditions and privileges of employment.
Title II of the Act states that no qualified individual
with a disability shall, by reason of such disability,
be excluded from participation in or be denied the benefits
of the services, programs or activities of a public entity,
or be subjected to discrimination by any such entity.
A "qualified individual with a disability" is
any individual with a disability who, with or without reasonable
modifications to rules, policies or practices; the removal
of architectural, communication or transportation barriers;
or the provision of auxiliary aids and services, meets the
essential eligibility requirements of employment, receipt
of services or participation in programs or activities provided
by a public entity.
7. The Civil Rights Act of 1991 (CRA)
Effective November 21, 1991, the Civil Rights Act of 1991
reverses in whole or part several Supreme Court decisions
interpreting Title VII. The 1991 CRA includes the following
provisions: Requires the employer to demonstrate that
a challenged employment practice is job-related for the
position in question and consistent with business necessity.
Stipulates that a violation is established when discrimination
is a motivating factor, even though other factors also motivated
the challenged actions.
Civil Rights Terms used by Extension
1. Parity
An Extension program is in parity when the participation
of individuals of minority groups reflects the proportionate
representation in the population of potential recipients.
A program will be considered in compliance when its
participation has reached 80% of parity.
2. Potential Audience/Recipients
Potential recipients are persons or groups within
your defined geographic area who might be interested
in or benefit from the educational program.
Potential recipients should be estimated for each
program carried out in the county Extension office.
For instance, county Extension educators may conduct
family living programs in nutrition, family financial
finances and parenting. Potential recipients should
be estimated for each of these three efforts. Potential
recipients are estimated by using a combination of county
demographic data and the Extension educator's knowledge
and information about the population of the county.
When a target audience is defined during program planning,
it should be inclusive of the entire potential recipients
as defined by demographic data.
3. All Reasonable Effort
Extension must be able to demonstrate that federally
funded programs or activities have been made available
to the maximum possible potential audience of a given
locale or area. Three steps are required to demonstrate
that all reasonable efforts have been made: (a) the
use of all available mass media; (b) the use of personal
letters and/or flyers or publications; and (c) the use
of personal contacts (invitations to participate) by
Extension staff.
4. Adequate Public Notification
Public notification plans are a part of the delivery
mode in the affirmative action goals related to the
Civil Rights Act of 1964. Extension program outreach
should use the most diversified possible communications
to attract persons of all races, colors, religions,
genders, and national origins to participate. Examples
include posters, flyers, minority organization bulletin
board notices, stuffers in utility, or other public
mailings.
