2001 What is the Optimum Level of Crambe Meal in Range Cake?
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<p class="MsoNormal"><font face="Bernard MT Condensed" size="5">What is the
Optimum Level of Crambe Meal in Range Cake?</font><br>
<b>V.L. Anderson, W.W. Poland, and E. Bock</b></p>
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<p class="MsoNormal"><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black">
Supplementing protein when feeding low quality forage is known to increase
digestion and subsequently cow performance. Grazing cattle are frequently
offered cake that contains protein, minerals, vitamins, and energy. Crambe
meal (CM) is the residual product when high erucic acid oil is extracted from
crambe seed. Crambe meal has been proven to be an economically viable and
biologically useful protein supplement in creep feed, feedlot diets, and cows
fed totally mixed rations. However, crambe meal contains certain sulfurous
compounds called glucosinolates that are known to elicit a strong or sharp
flavor. Cows do not relish the flavor when it is offered separately or at
high concentrations in a mixed feed. This new and relatively unknown protein
source was included in 30% crude protein range cake formulations at 0, 25, 50,
and 75% to test palatability, animal performance, and thyroid hormone
effects. Two feeding trials were conducted at each of the NDSU Dickinson and
</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black">Carrington Research
Centers. Dickinson trials observed palatability of the treatment supplements
in grazing mature cows (n=24) and yearling heifers (n=19) fed supplements at 5
to 10 lbs/head daily. Both groups readily consumed the 25% CM supplement and
the 50% CM supplement after a few days adaptation to the flavor, however, cows
did not consume all of the 75% cake. Crambe meal appears to be palatable at
up to 50% of the formulation of range cake.</span></p>
<h3><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black">Carrington trials tested the
supplements for lactating cow performance, thyroid hormone levels, and effects
on digestion. In one trial, crossbred lactating beef cows (n=71) were fed a
totally mixed high forage diet top-dressed with treatment supplements. Cows
fed the 25% and 50% crambe meal supplements gained more (P<.05) than those fed
the 0% or 75%. The thyroid hormone T<sub>4, </sub>changed the most (decreased
1.75 ug/ml) in the 75% treatment but this was not outside biologically normal
ranges.</span></h3>
<h3><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; color: black">In the second Carrington
trial, four cows were used in a 4x4 Latin Square design to evaluate the
effects of feeding different range cake formulations at limited amounts (4 lb/hd
daily) on intake and digestibility of low quality forages. There were no
significant differences (P>.05) in dry matter intake, crude protein
digestibility, acid detergent fiber digestibility, neutral detergent fiber
digestibility, or in-vitro dry matter digestibility. Without evidence of a
linear or quadratic effect, crambe meal use in range cake seems practical at
whatever level is palatable. </span></h3>
<p>
<span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Times New Roman; color: black">
The Federal Drug Administration (FDA) currently restricts the use of crambe
meal to a maximum of 4.2% of diet dry matter for only feedlot cattle.
However, this trial provides further evidence that crambe meal can be used
effectively at up to 50% of a protein supplement for beef cows without concern
for palatability, digestion, performance or hormone effects.</span><span style="font-size: 11.0pt; font-family: Wingdings; color: black">w</span></div>
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<td align="center" width="20%" style="border-style: solid; border-color: #0000FF"><a href="http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/"><small>NDSU
Vice President,</small><br>
<small>Dean and Director for Agricultural Affairs</small></a></td>
<td align="center" width="20%" style="border-style: solid; border-color: #0000FF"><small><a href="http://www.ext.nodak.edu/">NDSU
Extension Service</a></small></td>
<td align="center" width="20%" style="border-style: solid; border-color: #0000FF"><a href="http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/research.htm"><small>ND
Agricultural</small><br>
<small>Experiment Station</small></a></td>
<td align="center" width="20%" style="border-style: solid; border-color: #0000FF"><small><a href="http://www.ag.ndsu.nodak.edu/teaching.htm">NDSU
College of Agriculture</a></small></td>
<td align="center" width="20%" style="border-style: solid; border-color: #0000FF"><small><a href="http://www.ndsu.nodak.edu/hde/">NDSU
College of Human Development and Education</a></small></td>
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